Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Epithelial Component (epithelial + component)
Selected AbstractsPleomorphic adenoma: Cytologic variations and potential diagnostic pitfallsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Uma Handa M.D. Abstract The diverse morphological features encountered in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) may cause diagnostic errors in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The present study was performed to evaluate the variations in the cytological features of pleomorphic adenoma and to assess the efficacy of FNAC in its diagnosis. Fifty cases diagnosed as PA on FNAC were retrieved from the records of the Pathology Department. Cytologic smears and sections were reviewed and the cytologic diagnoses were compared with the definitive histologic diagnoses. In cases correctly diagnosed on aspiration, morphological variables like patterns of the epithelial component, type and extent of the mesenchymal matrix, metaplastic cells, hyaline globules, cystic change, giant cells, crystalline deposits, nuclear inclusions/grooves, and nuclear atypia were evaluated. The extreme diversity in morphologic features seen in histologic sections was reflected in the smears of PA. Metaplastic changes were observed more frequently in sections, while nuclear changes like inclusions/grooves were more commonly seen in smears. Other morphological features like cylindromatous pattern, giant cells and crystalline deposits were observed with equal frequency in smears and sections. Cytohistologic agreement was present in 45 of the 50 cases (90%). In 5 cases diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNAC, the histology revealed 1 case each of schwannoma, perineurioma, ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor of tongue, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FNAC is a fairly accurate pre-operative procedure for the diagnosis of PA. The cytopathologist needs to be aware of the cytologic variations in pleomorphic adenoma so as to avoid diagnostic errors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] PNET-like features of synovial sarcoma of the lung: A pitfall in the cytologic diagnosis of soft-tissue tumorsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Pascale Hummel M.D. Abstract Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of soft-tissue tumors is evolving. As more experience is gained, we are becoming aware of potential pitfalls. We describe 2 cases of synovial sarcoma of the lung, primary and metastatic, in patients who had FNA biopsy performed on a lung mass. The cytologic smears showed extremely cellular groups of malignant small round cells, intersected by small blood vessels, with numerous loose single cells, in a background of macrophages and mature lymphocytes. The tumors displayed monomorphic cells forming rosettes and displaying occasional mitoses. A diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor/primitive neuroepithelial tumor (PNET) was suspected. Furthermore, this suspicion was supported by immunohistochemical stains, which showed positivity for a neuroendocrine marker, Leu 7 (case 1), and for a neural marker, CD 99 (O 13 or HBA 71) (both cases); and negativity for cytokeratins (case 1). The resection specimen of case 1 had mostly tightly packed small round cells, with occasional rosettes, similar to the FNA biopsy, and focal areas composed of spindle cells, organized in a focal fibrosarcoma-like and hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. A balanced translocation between chromosomes X and 18, demonstrated by both karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), enabled us to make a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, which was histologically classified as poorly differentiated. Case 2 was a metastatic biphasic synovial sarcoma of the arm, with a prominent epithelial component. Synovial sarcoma, when composed mainly of small round cells on cytologic smears, is a great mimicker of neuroendocrine/PNET tumors, with light microscopic and immunohistochemical overlap. Awareness of this potential pitfall may aid in preventing a misdiagnosis. Its recognition is of major concern, especially for the poorly differentiated variant, because it is associated with a worse prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:283,288, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Clinicopathological and immnuohistochemical findings in a series of folliculosebaceous cystic hamartomaJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Jose M. Suarez-Peñaranda Background:, Folliculo-sebaceous cystic hamartoma (FSCH) is an uncommon skin condition presenting as a slow-growing papulo-nodular lesion, in or around the nose. Most cases are not clinically suspected and only histopathological examination allows the diagnosis. Pathological features include a dermal-located infundibulo-cystic structure with sebaceous glands radiating around, a stromal component encircling the epithelial structures, with clefts between the lesional epithelial and stromal parts, as well as between this and the adjacent dermis. Results:, We report eight patients with the diagnosis of FSCH (5 females and 3 males), with ages ranging from 35 to 77 years. Most cases (5 out of 8) were located in or around the nose and sizes were comprised between 0.6 and 1.2 cm. Lesions had grown for long periods of time, up to ten years in one case. Immunohistochemistry showed staining for p63 in the epithelial component of all lesions, while CD10 was only present in some sebocytes. CD34 and Factor XIIIa positive cells were present in the lesional stroma. Staining for androgen and alpha-estrogen receptors was also usually noticed. Conclusions:, FCSH is a hamartomatous skin lesion, clinically indistinct but with well-defined histopathological features. Immunohistochemistry shows a profile very close to normal sebaceous glands. [source] Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Skin: A Case ReportJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2005T. Mitsuhashi Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin is a rare tumor with a microscopic resemblance to lymphoepitheliomatous carcinoma of the nasopharynx. We present a 93-year-old man with papules on the left auricle to the cheek that were gradually enlarged. By the time of a biopsy, it grew to a 5.0 × 3.0 × 2.8 cm dark red mass, and necrotic debris was attached to the surface. Histologically, a relatively well-demarcated, dermal-hypodermic multiple lobules were composed of irregular islands of atypical epithelial cells. The uniform tumor cells had moderate amounts of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with one or two prominent nucleoli. A dense lymphocytic infiltrate was present within the neoplastic islands, obscuring the epithelial component. The neoplastic cells were unconnected to the overlying epidermis. Neither squamous nor glandular differentiation was present. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin, and negative for latent membrane protein 1. No Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization. The negativity for Epstein-Barr virus may be a help in the differential diagnosis from metastatic undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is uniformly positive for EBER. [source] Melanocytic matricoma: case confirmation of a recently described entityJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003Christy M. Williams Background:, In 1999, Carlson et al. reported two cases of a matrical neoplasm that recapitulates the bulb of the anagen hair follicle, which they designated as melanocytic matricoma. Methods:, Here we report a similar case in a 78-year-old white male, who presented with a 0.4 cm purple-black firm papule in the left preauricular area. Results:, Histologically, the tumor is composed of a dual cell population including admixed epithelial matrical and supramatrical cells with "shadow" cell formation and pigmented dendritic melanocytes. Immunohistochemical studies for cytokeratin highlighted the epithelial component and studies for S-100 protein, HMB-45, and vimentin confirmed the melanocytic component. The differential diagnosis considered includes pigmented variants of pilomatricoma, matrical carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Conclusions:, The case reported herein is the first confirmation of melanocytic matricoma, a distinctive adnexal neoplasm with characteristic clinical and pathologic features, which differentiate it from pigmented pilomatricoma. [source] Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of developing kidneys, nephroblastomas and related tumors: Considerations on their histogenesisPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2000Fumiko Satoh Immunoperoxidase analysis was performed to evaluate the phenotypic expression of eight renal differentiation antigens in five nephroblastomas, one clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), one rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK), and four related tumors. A total of 19 fetal and pediatric kidneys, including two 6th -week mesonephric tissues, were comparatively studied. All the specimens were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a marker of the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidney, was consistently expressed in the epithelial and blastematous components of nephroblastomas of the common type. The epithelial components also commonly expressed NK1 and Leu 7 (CD57), and the findings may reflect that both were positive in immature proximal tubules directly differentiating from the NCAM-positive immature fetal tubuloglomerular buds. In two cases, the epithelial component was immunoreactive for CD10 and WT1 gene product (WT1-GP). Leu M1, epithelial membrane antigen and CA15,3 were only focally expressed in nephroblastomas. Rhabdomyoblasts in the stroma were positive for WT1-GP. CCSK was featured by the expression of NCAM and CD10. In RTK, focal epithelial differentiation was discerned, with focal positivity of WT1-GP and negativity of NCAM. In congenital mesoblastic nephroma, the stromal spindle cells were strongly immunoreactive for WT1-GP, while WT1-GP was not expressed in solitary multilocular cyst of the kidney. Pancortical nephroblastomatosis was featured by the diffuse subcapsular reappearance of immature metanephric tissue. Nephroblastomas and related conditions thus offer an adequate model for studying human nephrogenesis. [source] Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma: Dermoscopic and immunohistochemical featuresAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Edward Upjohn ABSTRACT A 73-year-old man presented a 9-month history of an enlarging nodule on his right temple. Dermoscopy revealed a non-pigmented lesion with ulceration, fibrosis and pale globules. An excisional biopsy was carried out and histology showed a biphasic tumour with a basal cell carcinoma like epithelial component and a dermal undifferentiated sarcoma, with pleomorphic spindle cells and numerous osteoclast-like giant cells. Based on immunohistochemistry findings, a diagnosis of primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma was made and the patient underwent wide local excision. [source] Different expression patterns of KIT, EGFR, and HER-2 (c-erbB-2) oncoproteins between epithelial and mesenchymal components in uterine carcinosarcomaCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 11 2003Morio Sawada Uterine carcinosarcoma histologically comprises the components of epithelial and mesenchymal malignancies, and is known to be clinically highly aggressive. To reveal the significance of the expression of tyrosine-kinase-receptor-type oncoproteins in this tumor type, the incidence and distribution of the KIT, EGFR, and HER-2 (c-erbB-2) oncoproteins were immunohistochemically examined in 16 surgically resected cases. For 6 cases, the EGFR and HER-2 amplifications were also examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In the epithelial component, overexpressions of KIT, EGFR, and HER-2 were detected in 4 (25%), 5 (31%), and 9 (56%) cases, respectively, whereas these overexpressions in the mesenchymal component were detected in 6 (38%), 8 (50%), and 1 (6%) cases, respectively. KIT and EGFR were co-overexpressed in the mesenchymal component of 4 cases and in the epithelial component of 2 cases. However, HER-2 overexpression was mostly detected in the epithelial component only, and tended to occur independently of KIT and/or EGFR overexpression. By FISH, one of the 4 cases with HER-2 overexpression showed low-level gene amplification. In two cases with EGFR overexpression, the gain of EGFR alleles and/or polyploidization of chromosome 7 had occurred. The expression patterns of KIT, EGFR, and HER-2 differed between the epithelial and mesenchymal components, and the regulation of their expression appeared important in the acquisition of mesenchymal metaplasia in uterine carcinosarcoma. Structural and/or numerical alterations of chromosomes might be in part involved in EGFR and/or HER-2 overexpression in this tumor type. [source] Odontogenic ghost cell tumour with clear cell components: clear cell odontogenic ghost cell tumour?JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 6 2004Jung Hoon Yoon A case of odontogenic ghost cell tumour (OGCT) with clear cell components was encountered in the mandible of a 63-year-old man. The tumour revealed ameloblastomatous-type epithelial components accompanied by clusters of ghost cells and dentinoid juxtaposed to the odontogenic epithelium. In addition, some areas of the tumour tissue showed sheets and islands of clear, glycogen containing epithelial cells, which were separated by a thin fibrous connective tissue stroma. Both ameloblastic and clear cells exhibited positive immunoreactivities for cytokeratin 19 and AE1/3. It is not known whether this tumour represents a clear cell change of a pre-existing OGCT or a separate and distinct neoplasm derived de novo from the odontogenic epithelium. This tumour was given the term ,clear cell OGCT' because it captures the clear cell components, which is one of the most prominent distinguishing features of the tumour. [source] Cytokeratins in epithelia of odontogenic neoplasmsORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2003MM Crivelini Neoplasms and tumours related to the odontogenic apparatus may be composed only of epithelial tissue or epithelial tissue associated with odontogenic ectomesenchyme. The immunohistochemical detection of different cytokeratins (CKs) polypeptides and vimentin has made it easier to explain the histogenesis of many epithelial diseases. The present study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19 and vimentin in the epithelial components of the dental germ and of five types of odontogenic tumours. The results were compared and histogenesis discussed. All cells of the dental germ were positive for CK14, except for the preameloblasts and secreting ameloblasts, in which CK14 was gradually replaced by CK19. CK7 was especially expressed in the cells of the Hertwig root sheath and the stellate reticulum. The dental lamina was the only structure to express CK13. The reduced epithelium of the enamel organ contained CK14 and occasionally CK13. Cells similar to the stellate reticulum, present in the ameloblastoma and in the ameloblastic fibroma, were positive for CK13, which indicates a nature other than that of the stellate reticulum of the normal dental germ. The expression of CK14 and the ultrastructural aspects of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumour probably indicated its origin in the reduced dental epithelium. Calcifying odontogenic epithelial tumour is thought to be composed of primordial cells due to the expression of vimentin. Odontomas exhibited an immunohistochemical profile similar to that of the dental germ. In conclusion, the typical IF of odontogenic epithelium was CK14, while CK8, 10 and 18 were absent. Cytokeratins 13 and 19 labelled squamous differentiation or epithelial cells near the surface epithelium, and CK7 had variable expression. [source] SPARC (Osteonectin) in Breast Tumors of Different Histologic Types and Its Role in the Outcome of Invasive Ductal CarcinomaTHE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010Yi-Hsuan Hsiao MD Abstract:, The purpose of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical distribution of secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein (SPARC) in benign and malignant breast tumors of different histologic types and define its association with the outcome of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. A total of 286 samples of benign and malignant breast lesions between 1994 and 2005 were retrieved from National Taiwan University Hospital. Up to 11 years clinical follow-up data were available for 185 patients with IDC. Immunohistochemistry staining with SPARC was performed in tissue microarray or whole section. The association of expression of SPARC and cumulative overall survival of IDC patients were analyzed using Kaplan,Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein was not expressed in benign breast phylloides and all benign breast tumors, while expressed in 17.2% of IDC, 85% of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MCB), and all malignant breast phylloides. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein was strongly expressed in mesenchymal components of MCB and expression levels in epithelial components were variable. The correlation of positive expression of SPARC and poor long-term survival in IDC is significant (p = 0.004). Individuals with positive SPARC expression had 2.34 times higher hazard of death compared with those with negative SPARC expression after adjusting for factors including positive lymph node, TNM tumor stage, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein may be useful as a prognostic indicator for IDC. [source] Angiogenesis in patients with craniopharyngiomasCANCER, Issue 3 2002Correlation with treatment, outcome Abstract BACKGROUND Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign epithelial neoplasms of the sellar region that often exhibit aggressive and invasive growth. The authors hypothesized that tumor proliferation, spread, and recurrence are angiogenesis dependent and investigated the significance of vascularization relative to biologic behavior. To the authors' knowledge, angiogenesis for patients with craniopharyngiomas has not been examined to date. METHODS The authors measured microvessel densities in resected, histologically proven craniopharyngiomas using immunostains for CD-34, a monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes endothelial cells. Both histologic types of craniopharyngiomas, adamantinomatous and papillary, were included in the study. In addition, the cellular distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a strong stimulator of new vessel formation, was assessed by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA expression. RESULTS Histologically, small numbers of capillaries were identified in temporal stroma but not in their epithelial components. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong, conclusive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for VEGF in the epithelial cells of both adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas and papillary craniopharyngiomas. In situ hybridization showed that VEGFR-2 mRNA was expressed widely, not only in neoplastic epithelium but also in capillary endothelium. CONCLUSIONS Tumors with greater microvessel density regrow more frequently compared with tumors that have lower microvessel density, suggesting that the extent of angiogenesis is of prognostic value in patients with craniopharyngioma. VEGFR-2 may act as a key modulator of VEGF activity in endothelial cells and nonendothelial cells, indicating that VEGF plays an important role in the behavior of craniopharyngiomas. Cancer 2002;94:738,45. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10281 [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||