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Enterobacter Spp. (enterobacter + spp)
Selected AbstractsIn vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties of the fluoroquinolone ibafloxacinJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2002M. Coulet The pharmacodynamic properties of a new veterinary fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, ibafloxacin, were evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), time-kill kinetics, postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic subminimal inhibitory concentration effects (PA-SME) were determined against pathogenic canine Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates from dermal, respiratory and urinary tract infections. The synergistic interactions between ibafloxacin and its main metabolite, 8-hydroxy-ibafloxacin were investigated. Finally, the efficacy of ibafloxacin was tested in in vivo canine infection models. Ibafloxacin had good activity against Pasteurella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. (MIC90=0.5 µg/mL), moderate activity against Bordetella bronchiseptica, Enterobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp. (MIC50=4 µg/mL) and low activity against Pseudomonas spp. and Streptococcus spp. The time-killing analysis confirmed that ibafloxacin was bactericidal with a broad spectrum of activity. The PAE and PA-SME were between 0.7,2.13 and 1,11.5 h, respectively. Finally, studies in dog models of wound infection and cystitis confirmed the efficacy of once daily oral ibafloxacin at a dosage of 15 mg/kg. Additional studies are needed to better define the importance of AUC/MIC (AUIC) and Cmax/MIC ratios on the outcome of fluoroquinolone therapy in dogs. [source] Treatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance V24 in cattle dung waterLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2000A. Lauková Quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern Slovakia districts. The inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract CBE V24 from Enterococcus faecalis V24 against Listeria monocytogenes Ohio and Yersinia enterocolitica YE85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal slurry. The following bacterial groups were quantified: Salmonella spp., Shigella -like spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci (the average count ranged from 102 up to 104 cfu ml,1). Antagonistic effect of the crude bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecalis V24 in the range of 100,600 Arbitrary units per ml (AU ml,1) was shown against the following bacteria: Enterobacter cloacae, Ent. asburiae, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter lwoffi, L. monocytogenes as well as Y. enterocolitica YE85. During tests performed to study the inhibitory effect of the crude bacteriocin CBE V24 (concentration 800, 1600 AU ml,1) against L. monocytogenes Ohio and Y. enterocolitica YE85 in experimentally contaminated cattle dung, a reduction of 2·03 and 1·44 log cfu ml,1, respectively, was already noted after 1 h after crude bacteriocin CBE V24 addition. [source] Eleven-year study of causes of neonatal bacterial meningitis in Ahvaz, IranPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2010Mohammad Hasan Aletayeb Abstract Background:, Bacterial meningitis is a devastating infection with a high mortality rate, especially in neonates. The aim of this study was to determine the causative agents that cause bacterial meningitis in Khuzestan province in the south-western region of Iran. Methods:, A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from 1997 to 2007 at the neonatal ward of a university teaching hospital (Emam Khomeini hospital) in Ahvaz. All infants younger than 29 days old who suffered from meningitis were included. Laboratory tests included Gram stain, culture, and biochemical tests. Cases were defined as meningitis if the cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive. Results:, Based on cerebrospinal fluid culture, 31 infants were identified as having bacterial meningitis. Eleven (35.5%) of these cases were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, nine (29%) were caused by Enterobacter spp., three (9.6%) were caused by Escherichia coli, three (9.6%) were caused by Enterococcus spp., two (6.4%) were caused by Acinetobacter, and one case each (3.2%) was caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. The male-to-female ratio was 2 : 1 (67.7% were male). The birthweights of 20 (64.5%) patients were under 2500 g and 11 (35.4%) patients had normal birthweights. Thirteen (42%) were early-onset cases and 18 (58%) were late-onset cases. More than half of the cases (54.8%) acquired the infection from the hospital. Blood cultures were positive for 18 (58%) patients. Thirty-two percent of cases died in spite of treatment. Conclusions:,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. were the two main causative agents that caused neonatal bacterial meningitis, and nosocomial meningitis was the most common type in our ward. [source] Antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates of Enterobacteriaceae,APMIS, Issue 10 2001A Norwegian multicenter study From May to November 1997 each of six major hospitals throughout Norway collected 72 to 104 consecutive blood culture isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, altogether 563 isolates. Escherichia coli was the predominating organism (69%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (15%), Enterobacter spp. (6%), and Proteus mirabilis (4%). The susceptibility of the isolates to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin was determined by the E-test. 37% and 7% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefuroxime, respectively, and 1% were resistant to ceftazidime and tobramycin. Only one isolate of P. mirabilis was imipenem resistant. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The prevalence of ampicillin-resistant isolates at each hospital varied from 21 to 45%, and of cefuroxime-resistant isolates from 3 to 9%. The results were compared with those of a similar study performed in 1991,1992. No significant changes in the susceptibility to the various agents could be demonstrated. The high frequency of isolates resistant to ampicillin has clearly limited the usefulness of this agent in the treatment of septicemia and other serious infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. [source] Prevalence of colonisation with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients of Heidelberg University HospitalsCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 5 2004H. Von Baum Abstract The aim of this study was to assess colonisation and transmission of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from patients in 16 intensive care units. A prospective, repetitive point prevalence survey was performed over 6 months, involving samples from 1851 patients. CRE were isolated from 186 (10%) patients, with Enterobacter spp. being the most common. Mean point prevalence rates were significantly higher for paediatric wards (22.5%) compared to surgical (8.1%) and medical (5.5%) units. All CRE isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Non-outbreak nosocomial transmission rates of these pathogens were calculated as 12.8% for paediatric patients, compared to 6.8% for adult patients, which may reflect differences in sensitivity to overgrowth with resistant bacteria and contact with health care workers. [source] | ||||||||||