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Endemic Subspecies (endemic + subspecy)
Selected AbstractsCurrent and historical factors influencing patterns of species richness and turnover of birds in the Gulf of Guinea highlandsJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 8 2005Catherine H. Graham Abstract Aim, The aims of this paper are to: examine how current and historical ecological factors affect patterns of species richness, endemism and turnover in the Gulf of Guinea highlands, test theoretical biogeographical predictions and provide information for making informed conservation decisions. Location, The Gulf of Guinea highlands in West Africa. Methods, We used multivariate and matrix regression models, and cluster analyses to assess the influence of current climate and current and historical isolation on patterns of richness and turnover for montane birds across the highlands. We examined three groups of birds: montane species (including widespread species), montane endemics and endemic subspecies. We applied a complementarity-based reserve selection algorithm using species richness with irreplaceability measures to identify areas of high conservation concern. Results, Environmental factors influenced richness for all groups of birds (species, endemic species and subspecies). Areas with high and consistent annual rainfall showed the highest species and endemic richness. Species clusters for all groups of birds generally differentiated three major montane regions, which are topographically isolated. Multiple mantel tests identified these same regions for endemic species and subspecies. The influence of historical isolation varied by species group; distributions of endemic montane species and subspecies were more associated with historical breaks than were all montane species, which included widespread non-endemic species. Main conclusions, Our analyses indicated important geographical structure amongst the bird assemblages in the highlands and, therefore, conservation prioritization should include mountains from within the geographical subregions identified in these analyses because these regions may harbour evolutionarily distinct populations of birds. [source] Testing phylogeographic predictions on an active volcanic island: Brachyderes rugatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on La Palma (Canary Islands)MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2006BRENT C. EMERSON Abstract Volcanic islands with well-characterized geological histories can provide ideal templates for generating and testing phylogeographic predictions. Many studies have sought to utilize these to investigate patterns of colonization and speciation within groups of closely related species across a number of islands. Here we focus attention within a single volcanic island with a well-characterized geological history to develop and test phylogeographic predictions. We develop phylogeographic predictions within the island of La Palma of the Canary Islands and test these using 69 haplotypes from 570 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase II sequence data for 138 individuals of Brachyderes rugatus rugatus, a local endemic subspecies of curculionid beetle occurring throughout the island in the forests of Pinus canariensis. Although geological data do provide some explanatory power for the phylogeographic patterns found, our network-based analyses reveal a more complicated phylogeographic history than initial predictions generated from data on the geological history of the island. Reciprocal illumination of geological and phylogeographic history is also demonstrated with previous geological speculation gaining phylogeographic corroboration from our analyses. [source] Rosette Recruitment of a Rare Endemic Forb (Gaura neomexicana Subsp. coloradensis) with Canopy Removal of Associated SpeciesRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Linda M. Munk Abstract Gaura neomexicana subsp. coloradensis Munz (Onagraceae), (Colorado butterfly plant), a short-lived perennial forb, became listed as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October 2000 because of its small global range and population size. This endemic subspecies consists of only 18 extant populations within southeastern Wyoming, southwestern Nebraska, and northeastern Colorado. Wyoming occurrences are on private land with the exception of three occurrences on F. E. Warren Air Force Base, near Cheyenne. Gaura neomexicana subsp. coloradensis may be displaced by many competitors, including Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada thistle), an invasive, noxious weed. In June 1998, three G. neomexicana subsp. coloradensis populations were examined for rosette establishment in the presence of and after removal of associated species. The four study treatments removed: (1) Cirsium arvense, (2) grass and forb canopy and associated litter, (3) grass and forb canopy, litter, and C. arvense, and (4) no removal of associated plant species (control). Mature G. neomexicana subsp. coloradensis plants were evaluated for height, number of leaves, and capsule production. The mature plant characteristics monitored in 1998 were not good indicators of subsequent G. neomexicana subsp. coloradensis rosette densities in the following spring. Recruitment was assessed by counting new rosettes in the fall 1999. Although both G. neomexicana subsp. coloradensis and the exotic C. arvense have comparable habitat, removal of C. arvense did not increase G. neomexicana subsp. coloradensis vegetative growth, seed capsule production, or rosette density. Removal of other forbs, grass, and litter, however, increased G. neomexicana subsp. coloradensis rosette density in the following two years, indicating that canopy removal of associated species can enhance rosette establishment of this rare native. The accumulation of dense vegetative cover and litter associated with the absence of herbivory and fire may contribute to the decline of rare species in rich riparian habitats. Return of herbivory and fire in mesic sites to reduce standing biomass accumulations should be considered in restoring recruitment potential to rare monocarpic species. [source] Lipophilicity of some guaianolides isolated from two endemic subspecies of Amphoricarpos neumayeri (Asteraceae) from MontenegroBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2009Abubaker A. B. Atrrog Abstract In this study 10 guaianolide-type sesquiterpene , -lactones named amphoricarpolides, isolated from the aerial parts of two endemic subspecies of Amphoricarpos neumayeri (ssp. neumayeri and ssp. murbeckii Bo,njak), were investigated by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. Methanol,water and tetrahydrofuran,water binary mixtures were used as mobile phase in order to determine lipophilicity parameters R and C0. Some of the investigated compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa and B16 cells. Chromatographically obtained lipophilicity parameters were correlated with calculated logP values and IC50 values. Principal component analysis identified the dominant pattern in the chromatographically obtained data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||