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Energy Performance (energy + performance)
Selected AbstractsDie Novelle der Energieeinsparverordnung EnEV 2007 , Chancen für die bessere Bewertung von Nichtwohngebäuden und Einführung von EnergieausweisenBAUPHYSIK, Issue 6 2006Hans-Dieter Hegner Baudirektor Dipl.-Ing. Die EG-Richtlinie 2002/91/EG über die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden war bis zum Januar 2006 in nationales Recht umzusetzen [1]. Dazu will die Bundesregierung das Energieeinsparrecht (Energieeinspargesetz, Energieeinsparverordnung) umfassend novellieren. Der folgende Beitrag stellt den Stand der Überlegungen, insbesondere zu den technischen Möglichkeiten der Bewertung von Nichtwohngebäuden, dar. Das Zweite Gesetz zur Änderung des Energieeinspargesetzes [7] ist am 08. 09. 2005 in Kraft getreten. Der Referentenentwurf zu einer neuen weiterentwickelten Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV 2007) wurde am 16. 11. 2006 durch die Bundesregierung vorgelegt [2]. Ein Inkrafttreten dieser Verordnung ist wegen der Befassung von Bundeskabinett und Bundesrat voraussichtlich erst Mitte 2007 zu erwarten. Der folgende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zu den vorgesehenen neuen Anforderungen beim energiesparenden Bauen. Amendment of the German Building Energy Conservation Ordinance (Energieeinsparverordnung , EnEV 2007) Opportunities for better assessment of non-domestic buildings and introduction of Energy Passports. EU member states were required to implement the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2002/91/EC) in their respective national law by January 2006 [1]. In this context the German Government proposed comprehensive amendments of the existing energy saving legislation (,Energieeinspargesetz' or Energy Conservation Law, ,Energieeinsparverordnung' or Building Energy Conservation Ordinance). This article describes the current status of the considerations, in particular with regard to technical assessment options for non-domestic buildings. The second amendment to the German Energy Conservation Law [7] came into force on 8 September 2005. The draft amendment of the Building Energy Conservation Ordinance (EnEV 2007) was presented by the German Government on 16 November 2006 [2]. However, due to the time required for consideration by the Federal Cabinet and the upper house of the German parliament it is not expected to come into force before mid 2007. This article provides an overview of the proposed new requirements for energy saving in buildings. [source] The influence of rotary valve distribution systems on the energetic efficiency of regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTO)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008Mario Amelio Abstract On,off valve systems, commonly used in regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) plants, generate, during the opening time, a mass flow rate (MFR) which is constant. On the contrary, rotary valve systems, which are increasingly adopted in RTO plants, are characterized by variable MFR profiles. In this work, the energy requirements of two RTO systems, equipped with on,off or rotary valves, were determined using a home-developed numerical code. Energy performances were evaluated by calculating the thermal efficiency and pressure drop within structured or random packed bed RTO systems, at the same mean MFR. The results demonstrated that thermal efficiency was only moderately influenced by the valve system, and is slightly lower for the RTO with on,off valve. On the other hand, the study revealed that energy requirements of all RTO systems were basically unaffected by cycle duration, allowing valve rotational velocity to be freely set to maximize for other technical requirements. On the contrary, pressure drop was greatly influenced by the valve type and increased as variability in MFR function augmented. Moreover, the type of regenerator, structured or random packed bed, affected differently the total energy requirements (basically pumping energy plus auxiliary fuel). Energy requirements of structured and random regenerators were comparable only when volatile organic compounds concentration was lower than typical values encountered in the industrial practise. In other cases, structured regenerators RTO were more competitive. Finally, structured regenerators are usually the best choice when rotating valve distribution systems are adopted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of condenser heat transfer on the energy performance of a plate heat pipe solar collectorINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2005Jorge Facão Abstract For a novel prototype solar collector, using a plate heat pipe, condenser heat transfer was analysed in detail. The condenser has the shape of a rectangular channel. Flow and heat transfer of water in the rectangular channel was modelled and the heat transfer coefficient assessed, using the Fluent code. Under typical operating conditions a mixed convection situation occurs. The channel is inclined and heating is through one wall only (upper channel surface). The range of temperature differences considered was similar to the one verified under real operating conditions, covering a wide range of Grashof numbers. Results showed that the Nusselt number is significantly higher than the one for forced convection in a rectangular channel with fully developed boundary layers. In order to enhance heat transfer, a modification to the rectangular channel was analysed, using baffles to improve flow distribution and increase velocity. The effect of this modification on collector energy performance (efficiency) was assessed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Major mite allergen Der f 1 concentration is reduced in buildings with improved energy performanceALLERGY, Issue 5 2010F. Spertini To cite this article: Spertini F, Berney M, Foradini F, Roulet C-A. Major mite allergen Der f 1 concentration is reduced in buildings with improved energy performance. Allergy 2010; 65: 623,629. Abstract Background:, Environmental conditions play a crucial role in mite growth, and optimal environmental control is key in the prevention of airway inflammation in chronic allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma. Objective:, To evaluate the relationship between building energy performance and indoor mite allergen concentration in a cross-sectional study. Methods:, Major allergen concentration (Der f 1, Der p 1, mite group 2, Fel d 1 and Bla g 2) was determined by quantitative dot blot analysis from mattress and carpet dust samples in five buildings designed for low energy use (LEB) and in six control buildings (CB). Inhabitants had received 4 weeks prior to mite measurement a personal validated questionnaire related to the perceived state of health and comfort of living. Results:, Cumulative mite allergen concentration (with Der f 1 as the major contributor) was significantly lower in LEB as compared with CB both in mattresses and in carpets. In contrast, the two categories of buildings did not differ in Bla g 2 and Fel d 1 concentration, in the amount of dust and airborne mould collected. Whereas temperature was higher in LEB, relative humidity was significantly lower than in CB. Perceived overall comfort was better in LEB. Conclusions:, Major mite allergen Der f 1 preferentially accumulates in buildings not specifically designed for low energy use, reaching levels at risk for sensitization. We hypothesize that controlled mechanical ventilation present in all audited LEB may favour lower air humidity and hence lower mite growth and allergen concentration, while preserving optimal perceived comfort. [source] Innendämmung bei erhaltenswerten Fassaden , ein baukonstruktives ProjektbeispielBAUPHYSIK, Issue 4 2009Leiter des Instituts für Angewandte Bautechnik Hans-Jürgen Holle Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Gebäudebestand; Energieeinsparung; reconstruction; energy performance Abstract Die Sanierung eines gründerzeitlichen Wohngebäudes in Hamburg aus dem Jahre 1907 mit erhaltenswerter Fassade wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens "Energetische Sanierung" (EnSan) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie gefördert und wissenschaftlich begleitet. Zwei baugleiche Gebäudehälften wurden mit unterschiedlichen energetischen Sanierungskonzepten und -standards ("EnSan-Standard" und "Hamburger Standard") geplant und realisiert. Es wurden Konstruktionen einschließlich der dafür erforderlichen Einbauabläufe entwickelt. Die energetischen Zielgrößen sind erreicht worden. Der Endenergieverbrauch für Beheizung wurde um 80 % auf 32 kWh/m2a gesenkt. Der Primärenergieverbrauch beträgt gemittelt für beide Gebäudehälften ca. 95 kWh/m2a. Internal insulation of façades that are worth preserving. Example of a structural design project. The refurbishment of a residential buildings in Hamburg built in 1907 during the Wilhelminian era with a façade that was deemed worthy of preservation was funded as part of the research project "Energy-efficient refurbishment" (EnSan) by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Technology, which also provided scientific backup. Two identical building parts were refurbished based on different energy-efficiency concepts and standards ("EnSan standard" and "Hamburg standard"). Structural components and associated installation procedures were developed. The energy target values were achieved. The heating energy end use was reduced by 80 % to 32 kWh/m2a. The average primary energy consumption for both building parts is approx. 95 kWh/m2a. [source] Europäische Ansätze für Energieeffizienz-Monitoring auf der Basis von Energieausweis-DatenBAUPHYSIK, Issue 3 2009Tobias Loga Dipl.-Phys. Energieeinsparung; Gebäudebestand Abstract Das DATAMINE-Projekt wurde angesichts des Bedarfs nach konkreten Daten über den tatsächlichen energetischen Zustand des europäischen Gebäudebestands und die bestehenden Potentiale zur Energieeinsparung und CO2-Emissionsminderung ins Leben gerufen. Diese Daten sollen längerfristig helfen, das politische Instrumentenbündel (ordnungsrechtliche, steuerliche, Förder-Maßnahmen, Informationsvermittlung) so zu gestalten, dass es wirkungsvoll und kosteneffizient ist. Entsprechend dem DATAMINE-Konzept basieren die Informationen auf Energieausweisen, die gemäß EU-Gebäuderichtlinie ausgestellt werden, sobald ein Gebäude gebaut, verkauft oder vermietet wird. Im Rahmen des DATAMINE-Projekts wurden in zwölf Ländern Feldversuche mit größeren Gebäudedaten-Sammlungen durchgeführt, jeder mit unterschiedlichen Analysezielen. Dabei nutzte jedes Land die gleiche Datenstruktur für die Sammlung seiner Energieausweis-Daten, die im Vorfeld gemeinsam entwickelt worden war. Diese lässt sich auf die verschiedenen Zertifizierungssysteme anwenden, die die europäischen Länder auf Grund der Unterschiede in Informationsbedürfnissen, Gebäudearten und Klima entwickelt haben. Rund 19.000 Datensätze wurden im gemeinsamen DATAMINE-Format gesammelt. In einem Ländervergleich konnten verschiedene Energieeffizienz-Indikatoren gegenübergestellt werden. Das Ergebnis der Analysen ergibt einen genaueren Einblick in den aktuellen Stand der energetischen Modernisierung spezifischer Gebäudegruppen in den beteiligten Ländern. Schließlich wurden Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf die Entwicklung von Monitoringsystemen in jedem Land und auf EU-Ebene gezogen. European attempt at energy performance monitoring based on data collections and certification schemes. The launch of the DATAMINE project has been driven by the need for concrete data on the actual energy performance of the European building stock as well as the potential energy savings and CO2 reductions. In the longer term data can help develop tailored, cost-efficient complementary measures to energy performance legislation, such as soft loans and tax incentives. DATAMINE aims to construct a knowledge base using the information on the energy performance certificates issued when buildings are constructed, sold or rented. In the framework of DATAMINE test projects were carried out on large samples of buildings in 12 countries, each with individual monitoring targets. In each country the same data structure was used for data collection which had been developed at the forefront. Full allowance is made for the Europe-wide differences in certification schemes, since each country has a scheme tailored to its specific needs, building stock and climate. Around 19,000 datasets have been collected in the common DATAMINE format. Cross-country analysis of the collected data was performed comparing different energy performance indicators. The result of the evaluation activities gives a clearer insight into the current state of refurbishment of specific building subsets in each country. Finally conclusions were drawn regarding the development of monitoring systems in each country and on EU level. [source] | ||||||||||