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Enamel Lesions (enamel + lesion)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Relationship between cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia in the early medieval Slavic population at Borovce, Slovakia

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
Z. Obertová
Abstract Cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia were examined in an early medieval (8th to beginning of 12th century AD) skeletal sample of 451 individuals from Borovce, Slovakia. More than 40% of these individuals died before reaching 20 years of age. The relationship between the occurrence of orbital and enamel lesions was analysed by focusing on the age-specific distribution, and on its influence on demographic parameters. Both features were found in 11.2% of the observed skulls. The presence of orbital and dental lesions showed a considerable impact on mortality as well as the life expectancy. Generally, the highest mortality was observed among 0,4 year old individuals. The greatest discrepancy in the demographic parameters, however, appeared between the affected and unaffected individuals aged 10,14 and 15,19 years. In these two age groups the co-occurrence of both lesions was most frequently recorded. These individuals obviously had a history of sickness, and thus could not cope with further bouts of disease and with the increased physiological demands of pubertal growth. The missing correlation in younger age categories can be largely explained by the difficulty of macroscopically examining the permanent dentition, since an interrelationship between the age at hypoplasia development and the occurrence of cribra orbitalia was detected. Several differences between the individuals with enamel defects and both conditions were observed in the distribution of age at hypoplasia formation. According to these results, several factors, such as impaired health status, growth demands and diet, influence the development of enamel hypoplasia and cribra orbitalia in a particular population. It is possible that after reaching a certain threshold, the underlying factors act synergistically in a kind of vicious cycle as the balance between the immune system, metabolism, and exogenous factors such as pathogens and nutrition, is disturbed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Dental students' knowledge and perceptions of non-invasive dental caries management

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010
A Pakdaman
Abstract Background:, An evidence-based, risk-specific, and non-invasive modality for caries management was implemented in the University of Sydney dentistry curriculum. This study reviews its impact on student learning outcomes and their perceptions of the efficacy of a risk-based caries management. Methods:, One hundred and nine Year 3 and Year 4 students were invited to complete a questionnaire to assess their understanding of the protocols and their perceptions of both the education process and value of the non-invasive treatment modality. Results:, A response rate of 93% Year 3 and 46% Year 4 students was obtained. They correctly identified high and low risk cases but Year 3 students were inclined to misclassify medium risk cases. Most understood correctly that enamel lesions should be arrested and remineralized but were often more radical in dealing with dentine lesions. Students who believed the protocols were useful and who spent more time on preventive care were less likely to restore enamel and dentine lesions. Conclusions:, A modest level of knowledge concerning application of the non-invasive caries management system to paper-based clinical case studies was demonstrated. Protocol misinterpretation may reflect inconsistent instruction by some clinical tutors. It is hoped that the promulgation of evidence-based dentistry will overcome these barriers in future. [source]

Consumption of milk with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizes enamel subsurface lesions in situ

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009
GD Walker
Abstract Background:, Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is an anticariogenic agent that is suitable to be added to foods. The aim of this double-blind, three-way crossover randomized study was to investigate the capacity of CPP-ACP, when added to bovine milk, to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in situ. Methods:, Ten subjects drank 100 mL of bovine milk containing no added CPP-ACP (control milk), 0.2% (w/v) CPP-ACP or 0.3% (w/v) CPP-ACP, for 30 seconds once daily for 15 days, whilst wearing removable appliances with attached slabs of enamel containing subsurface enamel lesions. After each treatment and a one-week washout period, subjects crossed over to another treatment and this was repeated until they had consumed each of the three milk products. At the completion of each treatment the enamel slabs were removed and remineralization was determined using microradiography. Results:, The results demonstrated that all three milk samples remineralized enamel subsurface lesions in situ. However, the two milk samples containing added CPP-ACP each produced significantly greater remineralization than the control milk. Conclusions:, The remineralizing effect of CPP-ACP in milk was dose-dependent with milk containing 0.2% CPP-ACP and 0.3% CPP-ACP producing an increase in mineral content of 81% and 164%, respectively, relative to the control milk. [source]

The effect of fluoride gel on incipient carious lesions in a low-caries child population

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Gert-Jan Truin
Abstract,,, Objectives:, Secondary analyses were performed to study the cariostatic efficacy of semi-annual professional fluoride gel application on incipient carious lesions in low-caries children initially aged 9.5,11.5 years. Methods:, Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Results:, The mean treatment effect of fluoride gel for enamel and dentinal caries lesions after 4 years' follow-up was 0.92 D2,3FS and 0.20 D3FS, respectively. When enamel lesions were included in the DFS count (i.e. D2,3FS), the preventive fraction (PF) showed borderline significance (23%; P = 0.05). No significant treatment effect of professionally applied fluoride gel was found for D2,3FS and D3FS scores of the second molars. The PF for D2,3FS of occlusal, approximal, buccal and lingual surfaces and for buccal and palatal pits and fissures differed not significantly. Conclusion:, Professionally applied fluoride gel showed no statistically significant caries-inhibiting effect on both enamel and dentine lesions in the permanent dentition of low-caries children. [source]