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Emulsifying Agent (emulsifying + agent)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	62%
Polymers and Materials Science	37%

Selected Abstracts

Synthesis of Yttrium,Aluminum,Garnet Hollow Microspheres by Reverse-Emulsion Technique

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 4 2006
Minati Chatterjee
Yttrium,aluminum,garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) hollow microspheres were synthesized by reverse-emulsion (w/o) technique starting with aqua-based precursors of oxides. The non-ionic surfactant was used as the emulsifying agent. The gel powders were calcined at 700°,1200°C. The synthesized powders were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The appearance of an exothermic peak at 932°C in the DTA curve revealed the crystallization of YAG, which was further confirmed by XRD and FTIR studies. SEM confirmed the formation of hollow microspheres. [source]

Emulsifying properties of gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium), a natural biopolymer

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 8 2009
Ganga Modi Naidu Vegi
Abstract BACKGROUND: Natural polymers are widely used as emulsifying agents in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their low cost, biocompatibility and non-toxic nature. In the present study, emulsifying properties of the novel natural biopolymer gum kondagogu (GKG) were investigated. GKG solutions of different concentrations (0.1,0.6% w/v) were prepared in water and emulsified with liquid paraffin oil (40% v/v) in a high-speed homogeniser. Flow properties of the emulsions were measured using a rheometer. Emulsion stability and droplet size distribution were determined by visual observation, photomicrography and laser-scattering particle size distribution analysis. RESULTS: The emulsions prepared with GKG showed pseudoplastic behaviour. The size of oil droplets and the viscosity of emulsions at concentrations of 0.4,0.6% w/v showed little change over time (up to 30 days), indicating that the emulsions were stable. Measurements of the zeta potential of emulsions adjusted to different pH, with and without added electrolyte, showed that the stabilisation of emulsions with GKG was due to mutual repulsion between electrical double layers of particles and adsorption of macromolecules on oil droplets. CONCLUSION: The results of this experimental investigation show that GKG is a good emulsifying agent even at low concentrations, with many potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Enzymatic modification as a tool to improve the functional properties of heat-processed soy flour

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 2 2008
Cheruppanpullil Radha
Abstract BACKGROUND: There are a number of antinutritional factors present in soybeans that exert a negative impact on the nutritional quality of the protein. Among those factors that are destroyed by heat treatment are protease inhibitors and lectins. Protease inhibitors show antinutritional effect and moreover the digestibility of the protein is limited by the presence of these antinutrients. The aims of the present study are (1) to study the effect of autoclaving on the trypsin inhibitor inactivation, nitrogen solubility and protein digestibility of defatted soy flour and (2) to study the effect of enzymatic modification on the functional properties of autoclaved soy flour. RESULTS: The solubility of the soy flour decreased with increase in autoclaving time. Partial hydrolysis of the autoclaved soy flour increased its acid solubility (pH 4.5) from 17% to 56% over a control value of 24% without affecting its functional properties. Inactivation of trypsin inhibitors improved the protein digestibility of soy flour from 25% to 95%. Particle size analysis of the autoclaved flour indicated the formation of soy protein aggregates, which resulted in poor solubility. The enzymatic modification of autoclaved soy flour resulted in its property as a good emulsifying agent with an emulsion capacity of 118 ± 4 mL. CONCLUSION: Enzymatic modification of the heat-processed soy flour increased its solubility and other functional attributes. The increased acid solubility would be advantageous in the utilization of soy proteins in acidic foods. Thus the autoclaved and partially modified soy flour is a potential source for specific functional foods. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Preparation and Biodegradation of Sugar-Containing Poly(vinyl acetate) Emulsions

MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE, Issue 2 2008
Akinori Takasu
Abstract To accelerate the biodegradability of poly(vinyl acetate)-based emulsions, emulsion copolymerizations of vinyl sugars, including triacetylated N -acetyl- D -glucosamine (GlcNAc)-substituted 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (GlcNAc(Ac)3 -substituted HEMA), glucose-substituted HEMA (GEMA) and 6- O -vinyladipoyl- D -glucose (6- O -VAG) with vinyl acetate (VAc), were carried out using poly(vinyl alcohol) as an emulsifying agent in the presence of poly[(butylene succinate)- co -(butylene adipate)] [poly(BS- co -BA)]. Copolymerization with GEMA produced a stable emulsion and that with 6- O -VAG also produced a homogeneous emulsion. Their biodegradation tests indicated that PVAc main chain scission was accelerated by copolymerization with vinyl sugars. [source]

Insecticidal activity of 23 essential oils and their major compounds against adult Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Aphididae: Homoptera)

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 11 2005
Blair J Sampson
Abstract Essential oils from 23 species of plants comprising 14 genera and 4 plant families were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation. The major compounds in these essential oils were identified with GC-MS and their insecticidal activity against adult turnip aphids, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis), tested with dosage-mortality bioassays. We examined mortality only for viviparous adults because sizeable aphid populations on crucifer (Brassicaceae) hosts are largely produced by these wingless, parthenogenic females. Twenty-two of the oils were directly applied to aphid females in randomized blocks at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg ml,1. Essential oils mixed with a non-toxic emulsifying agent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), more easily penetrated the waxy insect cuticle. Probit analysis and LC50 at three different exposures showed aphids were quickly incapacitated and killed by aliphatic aldehydes, phenols and monocyclic terpenes contained in Bifora and Satureja oils and at applied concentrations as low as 0.3 to 1.0 mg ml,1. Only enough Pimpinella isaurica oil and its three phenylpropanoid fractions were available for testing at a single concentration of 10 mg ml,1. We could not spare any additional P. isaurica oil for testing at other concentrations. Phenylpropanoids isolated from P. isaurica oil when recombined or left naturally blended in the oil were highly bioactive against L. pseudobrassicae at 10 mg ml,1. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Emulsifying properties of gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium), a natural biopolymer

Effects of organoclay on morphology and properties of nanocomposites based on LDPE/PA-6 blends without and with SEBS- g -MA compatibilizer

POLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 6 2009
Sara Filippi
LDPE/PA-6 blends (75/25 wt/wt) were added with SEBS- g -MA (S) and/or an organoclay (20A) using different compounding sequences and the morphology and the properties of the blends or composites were investigated. An XRD study of the nanocomposites with pure polymers showed that 20A is intercalated by LDPE or PA-6 chains, whereas it is exfoliated by S if the clay concentration does not exceed 10 wt%. The SEM investigation showed that both S and 20A behave as efficient emulsifying agents for the LDPE/PA-6 blends. However, their effect on the mechanical properties was found to be opposite: S enhanced toughness but lowered the stiffness, whereas 20A improved the elastic modulus but impaired the impact properties. When used together, these additives failed to have synergistic effects and the blends mechanical properties could not be improved strongly. A possible interpretation for this behavior was suggested, considering that the anhydride groups of S can competitively interact with the amine end groups of PA-6 and with the surface of the silicate layer of 20A. Nevertheless, an optimization of the compounding procedure and the use of appropriate proportions of S and 20A allow the preparation of composites with excellent morphology and a satisfactory balance of stiffness and toughness. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

Heck Reaction Catalyzed by Palladacycle in Neat Water,

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2003
Jian-Jun Hou
Abstract Cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine has been found to be a type of excellent phosphine-free catalyst for Heck reactions in neat water with both higher yields and turnover numbers than those reported in the literature up to now. Some commercial emulsifying agents, including the commonly used quaternary ammonium salts, have been proved to be excellent additives in the catalysis of the reactions. Not only aromatic iodide, but also aromatic bromide could be coupled with the olefins. All reactions were able to be conducted in air under refluxing condition. [source]