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Employment Effects (employment + effects)
Selected AbstractsEMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF TWO NORTHWEST MINIMUM WAGE INITIATIVESECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 1 2007LARRY D. SINGELL Jr This article exploits a natural experiment initiated by Oregon and Washington voter referendums to show that the minimum wage is a blunt instrument that differentially affects low-wage workers within and across industries. Specifically, employment growth specifications indicate that the minimum wage generates consistently negative employment effects for eating and drinking workers where the minimum is shown to be relatively binding, but not for hotel and lodging workers where the minimum is less binding. Regressions using job-specific want-ad data from Portland and Seattle newspapers also indicate a reduction in hiring solicitation relating to the extent that the minimum wage binds. (JEL J31, J38) [source] Are Employment Effects of Gender Discrimination Important?THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 6 2003Some Evidence from Great Britain Interpreting the unexplained component of the gender wage gap as indicative of discrimination, the empirical literature to date has tended to ignore the potential impact wage discrimination may have on employment. Employment effects may arise if discrimination lowers the female offered wage and the labour supply curve is upward sloping. The empirical analysis employs the British Household Panel Study and finds evidence of both wage and associated employment effects. [source] The Earnings and Employment Effects of Young People's Vocational Training in BritainTHE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 4 2001P.J. Dolton We examine the longer run effects of youth training using the Youth Cohort Study Cohort III. These data follow individuals up to the age of 23 while previous studies typically analyse younger people. The problem of attrition is addressed by using an ,item non-response' variable as an instrument to predict drop-out. We estimate earnings and employment equations to analyse the effects of training. The results contrast with those from previous studies by suggesting there are no adverse employment or earnings effects from government-sponsored training. We find significant returns to quality training such as degrees and apprenticeships. [source] Are Employment Effects of Gender Discrimination Important?THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 6 2003Some Evidence from Great Britain Interpreting the unexplained component of the gender wage gap as indicative of discrimination, the empirical literature to date has tended to ignore the potential impact wage discrimination may have on employment. Employment effects may arise if discrimination lowers the female offered wage and the labour supply curve is upward sloping. The empirical analysis employs the British Household Panel Study and finds evidence of both wage and associated employment effects. [source] EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF TWO NORTHWEST MINIMUM WAGE INITIATIVESECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 1 2007LARRY D. SINGELL Jr This article exploits a natural experiment initiated by Oregon and Washington voter referendums to show that the minimum wage is a blunt instrument that differentially affects low-wage workers within and across industries. Specifically, employment growth specifications indicate that the minimum wage generates consistently negative employment effects for eating and drinking workers where the minimum is shown to be relatively binding, but not for hotel and lodging workers where the minimum is less binding. Regressions using job-specific want-ad data from Portland and Seattle newspapers also indicate a reduction in hiring solicitation relating to the extent that the minimum wage binds. (JEL J31, J38) [source] Unemployment, Government Spending and the Laffer Effect,FISCAL STUDIES, Issue 2 2010Ludger Linnemann E62 Abstract The paper studies the effects of income tax rate changes in a general equilibrium model with frictional unemployment. Laffer curve effects, by which a tax rate reduction may increase the level of government spending or its share in output, are shown to be possible under certain conditions. These are the presence of unemployment benefit payments, government budget balance through fiscal spending adjustment and limited quantitative importance of labour reallocation costs. Endogenous government spending acts as a fiscal accelerator if the fiscal burden of unemployment benefit payments is large, but reduces the employment effects of tax rate cuts if it is low. [source] Does literacy and numeracy training for adults increase employment and employability?INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 5 2008Evidence from the Skills for Life programme in England ABSTRACT The employment effects of participation in adult literacy and numeracy courses are assessed, one year after participation, using a matched comparison, longitudinal design, with difference-in-differences analysis. Employability improvements, but no employment effects, are found. Effects on employment may result in the longer term from an increased likelihood of subsequent training. [source] Managing through contracts: the employment effects of compulsory competitive tendering in Australian local governmentINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 5 2000Janet Walsh This article brings new evidence to bear on the employment and human resource effects of competitve tendering and contracting. Drawing on a database of over two hundred workplace agreements, the article examines the impact of compulsory competitive tendering on employees' pay and employment arrangements in the Australian local government sector. The findings are contextualised in the light of evidence on the outcomes of a similar contracting regime in Britain. [source] Aggregation Bias in Elasticities of Substitution and the Minimum Wage ParadoxINTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2000Coen N. Teulings While the employment effects of minimum wages are usually reported to be small (suggesting low substitutability between skill types), direct estimates suggest a much larger degree of substitutability. This article argues that this paradox is largely due to a bias induced by the aggregation of skill types into broad categories. An assignment model is applied where skilled workers have a comparative advantage in complex jobs. The implied pattern of substitutability reveals the sources of the bias. Estimation results for the United States show elasticities of complementarity to be underestimated by up to a factor 2.5. The methods laid out likewise can be applied to other markets where different quality types are close substitutes, such as the housing market. [source] Cannabis, cocaine and jobsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 7 2006Jan C. van Ours This paper uses a dataset collected among inhabitants of Amsterdam, to study the employment effects of the use of cannabis and cocaine. For females no negative effects of drug use on the employment rate are found. For males there is a negative correlation between past cannabis and cocaine use and employment. However, after correcting for the effect of unobserved personal characteristics there is no negative effect of cannabis use or cocaine use on the employment status of males. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Do some enterprise zones create jobs?JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010Jed Kolko We study how the employment effects of enterprise zones vary with their location, implementation, and administration, based on evidence from California. We use new establishment-level data and geographic mapping methods, coupled with a survey of enterprise zone administrators. Overall, the evidence indicates that enterprise zones do not increase employment. However, the evidence also suggests that the enterprise zone program has a more favorable effect on employment in zones that have a lower share of manufacturing and in zones where managers report doing more marketing and outreach activities. On the other hand, devoting more effort to helping firms get hiring tax credits reduces or eliminates any positive employment effects, which may be attributable to idiosyncrasies of California's enterprise zone program during the period we study. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. [source] Earnings-related Severance PayLABOUR, Issue 4 2006Laszlo Goerke However, severance payments are usually related to wages. It is shown that earnings-related, mandated severance pay will have ambiguous employment effects if effort can be varied continuously. A substitution of the earnings-related for the lump-sum component reduces employment. Thus, the prevalent form of severance payments in OECD countries might have less advantageous employment effects than previously conjectured. [source] Evaluating the Introduction of a National Minimum Wage: Evidence from a New Survey of Firms in IrelandLABOUR, Issue 1 2006Donal O'Neill We use data from a specifically designed survey of firms to estimate the employment effects of this change. Employment growth among firms with low-wage workers prior to the legislation was no different from that of firms not affected by the legislation. A more refined measure of the minimum wage, however, suggests that the legislation may have had a negative effect on employment for the small number of firms most severely affected by the legislation. However, the size of these effects is relatively modest. [source] Delegation and Wage Determination in Trade UnionsLABOUR, Issue 3 2000Laszlo Goerke Delegation of wage determination is modelled as the transferral of decision-making rights to better-informed agents. The rank and file of trade unions has less information and can, therefore, benefit from delegation. However, delegation might be disadvantageous for union members, since delegates pursue their own objectives. Also, delegates might incur a utility reduction, since becoming a delegate implies forfeiting a better-paid outside option. We investigate under what conditions delegation of wage bargaining power is beneficial for union members and their potential leaders. The wage and employment effects of delegation are derived. [source] EMPIRICAL IMPACT OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE JAPANESE ECONOMY,THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2008CHRISTOPHER N. ANNALA We study the impact of public capital investment on individual sectors of the Japanese economy using time-series data for the period of 1970,1998. We employ a production function approach and also estimate a dynamic VAR/ECM model. We find significant differences in the employment effects, output effects and private investment effects across sectors. Public capital investment has a positive effect on employment in the finance, insurance and real estate (FIRE), manufacturing, construction and utilities sectors; on private investment in the FIRE, agriculture, transportation, trade and services sectors; and on output in the mining, FIRE, trade and manufacturing sectors. [source] Are Employment Effects of Gender Discrimination Important?THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 6 2003Some Evidence from Great Britain Interpreting the unexplained component of the gender wage gap as indicative of discrimination, the empirical literature to date has tended to ignore the potential impact wage discrimination may have on employment. Employment effects may arise if discrimination lowers the female offered wage and the labour supply curve is upward sloping. The empirical analysis employs the British Household Panel Study and finds evidence of both wage and associated employment effects. [source] Employment impacts of cleaner production , evidence from a German study using case studies and surveysBUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 3 2001Friedhelm Pfeiffer The study assesses net employment effects of technical progress, which can be expected by the ongoing transition from end-of-pipe technologies towards cleaner production. Empirical evidence is presented on the basis of case studies and firm data including a telephone survey from German industry. The main result is that the transition from end-of-pipe technologies to cleaner production leads to a net creation of jobs, which is however restricted to a only small number of firms and to the group of highly skilled labour. Eco-innovations, like other innovations, are non-neutral. The demand for skilled and highly skilled labour rises while the demand for unskilled labour decreases. Synergies between environmental, labour market and innovation policy are apparent but they are however small and specific. The exploitation of these synergies requires the design of specific policy programmes differentiating between types of eco-innovation. The promotion of product-integrated environmental measures should be more successful if new products complement older ones, while process-integrated environmental measures should be more successful if consumers' demand is more price elastic. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment [source] | ||||||||||