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Emmer Wheat (emmer + wheat)

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Life Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Plant regeneration through callus initiation from mature embryo of Triticum

PLANT BREEDING, Issue 1 2007
R. M. Bi
Abstract The behaviour of diverse Triticum genotypes in the tissue culture response of mature embryo callus was compared, and factors affecting tissue culture response were studied in this paper. Significant differences were detected in callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency when mature embryos of 31 plants of different Triticum species were compared. These were the main wheat cultivars of the Chinese northern winter-type wheat region and breeding lines (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), cultivable emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccum Schuble) and the common wheat progenitors Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum aegilopides. The genotype dependency was particularly high in tissue culture of mature embryos of these Triticum genotypes. The efficiency of induction, differentiation and regeneration of mature embryos callus was high in genotypes selected out. Mature embryo-derived callus of HB341, TS021, SN2618, T. dicoccum, HB188, and T9817 showed better tissue culture response than the other genotypes. Plantlets can be regenerated from mature embryo-derived callus of 31 genotypes, saving on growth facility resources and time required for the collection of other explants, and providing a solid basis for the genetic transformation and molecular plant breeding of Triticum plants. [source]

Detection of HMW glutenin subunit variations among 205 cultivated emmer accessions (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum)

PLANT BREEDING, Issue 2 2006
Q. Y. Li
Abstract The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) encoded by Glu-1 loci among 205 accessions of cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank) collected from different regions of Europe and China were separated and characterized by SDS-PAGE in combination with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE × SDS-PAGE) and acidic capillary electrophoresis. High genetic polymorphisms in HMW-GS compositions were found. A total of 40 alleles (6 for Glu-A1 and 34 for Glu-B1) and 62 subunit combinations (genotypes) were detected, some of which were not previously described. At Glu-A1 locus, two novel alleles, designated Glu-A1x coding for the subunit 1A × 1.1 and Glu-A1y coding for the subunit 1A × 2.1, were found while seven new subunits (1B × 17*, 1B × 6,, 1B × 13,, 1B × 20*, 1By9*, 1By14.1 and 1By8.1) and 20 novel alleles at Glu-B1 locus were detected. In particular, some additional protein components were detected, which probably were 1Ay subunits encoded by Glu-A1 locus. The introduction of both Ax and Ay subunits from tetraploid wheats into hexaploid wheats may increase the genetic variability of gluten genes and consequently improve flour technological properties. [source]

Genomic dissection of drought resistance in durum wheat × wild emmer wheat recombinant inbreed line population

PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 7 2009
ZVI PELEG
ABSTRACT Drought is the major factor limiting wheat productivity worldwide. The gene pool of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, harbours a rich allelic repertoire for morpho-physiological traits conferring drought resistance. The genetic and physiological bases of drought responses were studied here in a tetraploid wheat population of 152 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs), derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. Langdon) and wild emmer (acc# G18-16), under contrasting water availabilities. Wide genetic variation was found among RILs for all studied traits. A total of 110 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped for 11 traits, with LOD score range of 3.0,35.4. Several QTLs showed environmental specificity, accounting for productivity and related traits under water-limited (20 QTLs) or well-watered conditions (15 QTLs), and in terms of drought susceptibility index (22 QTLs). Major genomic regions controlling productivity and related traits were identified on chromosomes 2B, 4A, 5A and 7B. QTLs for productivity were associated with QTLs for drought-adaptive traits, suggesting the involvement of several strategies in wheat adaptation to drought stress. Fifteen pairs of QTLs for the same trait were mapped to seemingly homoeologous positions, reflecting synteny between the A and B genomes. The identified QTLs may facilitate the use of wild alleles for improvement of drought resistance in elite wheat cultivars. [source]

Allelic diversity associated with aridity gradient in wild emmer wheat populations

PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 1 2008
ZVI PELEG
ABSTRACT The association between allelic diversity and ecogeographical variables was studied in natural populations of wild emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn.) Thell.], the tetraploid progenitor of cultivated wheat. Patterns of allelic diversity in 54 microsatellite loci were analyzed in a collection of 145 wild emmer wheat accessions representing 25 populations that were sampled across naturally occurring aridity gradient in Israel and surrounding regions. The obtained results revealed that 56% of the genetic variation resided among accessions within populations, while only 44% of the variation resided between populations. An unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA) tree constructed based on the microsatellite allelic diversity divided the 25 populations into six major groups. Several groups were comprised of populations that were collected in ecologically similar but geographically remote habitats. Furthermore, genetic differentiation between populations was independent of the geographical distances. An interesting evolutionary phenomenon is highlighted by the unimodal relationship between allelic diversity and annual rainfall (r = 0.74, P < 0.0002), indicating higher allelic diversity in populations originated from habitats with intermediate environmental stress (i.e. rainfall 350,550 mm year,1). These results show for the first time that the ,intermediate-disturbance hypothesis', explaining biological diversity at the ecosystem level, also dominates the genetic diversity within a single species, the lowest hierarchical element of the biological diversity. [source]