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EMG Analysis (emg + analysis)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Preliminary rapport on head posture and muscle activity in subjects with class I and II

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2005
I. C. GADOTTI
summary, Forward head posture may cause alterations in the stomatognathic system, including changes in the muscle activity of the masticatory muscles and dental occlusion alterations. Considering the need for further understanding of the relationship between the stomatognathic system and the cervical region, the purpose of this study was to analyse the head posture and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the anterior portion of temporal and masseter muscles bilaterally among bruxist's subjects with different dental occlusion classifications using the Angle method. The study consisted of 20 female volunteers, between the ages of 17 and 27 years. They were separated into two groups (class I and class II occlusions) according to a dentist-performed evaluation. An assessment of forward head posture was conducted using a photographic technique (angular calculus) combined with a clinical analysis. In the EMG analyses, active differential surface electrodes (Ag) were utilized and were placed bilaterally on the belly of masseter and temporal muscles, perpendicular to the muscles fibres. The EMG signal recorded during bilateral isotonic mastication, was presented using the Root Mean Square and was processed by Matlab software. The results indicated that the EMG responses of temporal and masseter muscles tend to be modified by occlusion alteration class II. Subjects with class II occlusion tended to present more occurrence of forward head posture with alterations in the muscle activity pattern between masseter and temporal muscles. [source]

The role of electromyography in clinical diagnosis of neuromuscular locomotor problems in the horse

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 8 2004
I. D. WIJNBERG
Summary Reasons for performing study: Systematically performed EMG needle examination of muscles provides essential information about the functional aspects of the motor unit. However, clinical studies in which information is given on the diagnostic and discriminative values of electromyography (EMG) in the horse are scarce. Objectives: To determine to what extent inclusion of EMG analysis in clinical examination contributes to determination of type and localisation of abnormality. Methods: EMG analysis, complete clinical examination and diagnosis of 108 horses (mean ± s.d. age 7.5 ± 3.8 years; bodyweight 548 ± 86 kg; height 1.67 ± 0.07 m) were performed, and results without and with EMG analysis compared. Results: Without EMG, myopathy and neuropathy were diagnosed in 20 and 58 horses, respectively, and with EMG in 17 and 82 horses. EMG changed localisation in myopathy and neuropathy in 12 and 37% of cases, respectively. Lesions in the C1-T2, T2-L3 and L3-S3 segments were, respectively, diagnosed without EMG in 7, 11 and 30%, and with EMG in 27, 7 and 17% of cases. Where no clinical diagnosis could be made prior to EMG, many patients appeared to be suffering from localised cervical lesions (29%) or generalised neuropathy (54%). Conclusions and potential relevance: The assistance of EMG in discriminating between normal, neuropathy and myopathy, and in locating pathology, contributes to diagnosis of neuromuscular problems. [source]

Mechanisms underlying mirror movements in Parkinson's disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 7 2006
Massimo Cincotta MD
Abstract The neural mechanisms underlying unintended mirror movements (MMs) of one hand during unimanual movements of the other hand in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unexplored. Here we used surface electromyographic (EMG) analysis and focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the pathophysiological substrate of MMs in four PD patients. Surface EMG was recorded from both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles. Cross-correlation EMG analysis revealed no common motor drive to the two APBs during intended unimanual tasks. Focal TMS of either primary motor cortex (M1) elicited normal motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the contralateral APB, whereas MEPs were not seen in the ipsilateral hand. During either mirror or voluntary APB contraction, focal TMS of the contralateral M1 produced a long-lasting silent period (SP), whereas stimulation of the ipsilateral M1 produced a short-lasting SP. During either mirror or voluntary finger tapping, 5 Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) of the contralateral M1 disrupted EMG activity in the target FDI, whereas the effects of rTMS of the ipsilateral M1 were by far slighter. During either mirror or voluntary APB contraction, paired-pulse TMS showed a reduction of short-interval intracortical inhibition in the contralateral M1. These findings provide converging evidence that, in PD, MMs do not depend on unmasking of ipsilateral projections but are explained by motor output along the crossed corticospinal projection from the mirror M1. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society [source]

Psychogenic urinary dysfunction: A uro-neurological assessment,

NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 4 2007
Ryuji Sakakibara
Abstract Aims The diagnosis of psychogenic urinary dysfunction (PUD) is one of exclusion, particularly from urologic and neurologic causes, and is usually accompanied by more obvious psychologic/ psychiatric features. We here describe patients with PUD who were diagnosed in our uro- neurological laboratory. Materials and Methods We reviewed the digitized records of 2,300 urodynamic cases treated in the past 6 years to identify patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PUD. All 2,300 patients had completed a urinary questionnaire and undergone both electromyography (EMG)-cystometry and a detailed neurological examination. In addition, pressure-flow analysis, neurophysiology tests including sphincter EMG analysis, and MRI of the brain and spinal cord were performed as applicable. Results PUD was seen in 16 cases (0.7%): 6 men, 10 women, mean age 37 years. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) included overactive bladder (OAB) alone in 5, difficult urination alone in one, and both in 10. LUTS commonly occurred in particular situations, for example, OAB only while riding the train. Some patients showed extremely infrequent toileting. The urodynamic findings were normal except for increased bladder sensation (50%) for OAB and acontractile detrusor (31%) for difficulty. The final diagnosis was conversion reaction in six followed by anxiety in four. Conclusions PUD patients experienced the situational occurrence of OAB and/or difficult urination and, in some patients, extremely infrequent toileting. The main urodynamic abnormalities were increased bladder sensation and acontractile detrusor. However, even in cases suggestive of PUD, a non-PUD pathology behind the symptoms should be explored. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:518,524, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Neuromuscular coordination of masticatory muscles in subjects with two types of implant-supported prostheses

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004
Virgilio F. Ferrario
Abstract Objectives: To compare the electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of masticatory muscles in patients with fixed implant-supported prostheses and implant overdentures. Material and methods: Nineteen subjects aged 45,79 years were examined. Fourteen were edentulous and had been successfully rehabilitated with (a) maxillary and mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses (seven patients); (b) mandibular implant overdentures and maxillary complete dentures (seven patients). Five control subjects had natural dentition or single/partial (no more than two teeth) tooth or implant fixed dentures. Surface EMG of the masseter and temporal muscles was performed during unilateral gum chewing and during maximum teeth clenching. To reduce biological and instrumental noise, all values were standardized as percentage of a maximum clenching on cotton rolls. Results: During clenching, temporal muscle symmetry was larger in control subjects and fixed implant-supported prosthesis patients than in overdenture patients (analysis of variance, P=0.005). No differences were found in masseter muscle symmetry or in muscular torque. Muscle activities (integrated areas of the EMG potentials over time) were significantly larger in control subjects than in implant-supported prosthesis patients (P=0.014). In both patient groups, a poor neuromuscular coordination during chewing, with altered muscular patterns, and a smaller left,right symmetry than in control subjects were found (P=0.05). No differences in masticatory frequency were found. Conclusion: Surface EMG analysis of clenching and chewing showed that fixed implant-supported prostheses and implant overdentures were functionally equivalent. Neuromuscular coordination during chewing was inferior to that found in subjects with natural dentition. Résumé Le but de cette étude a été de comparer les caractéristiques éléctromiographiques (EMG) de muscles masticateurs chez des patients avec des prothèses fixées sur implant et des prothèses amovibles sur implants. Dix-neuf patients de 45 à 79 ans ont été examinés. Quatorze étaient édentés et ont été traités avec succès par a) une prothèse fixée sur des implants au niveau maxillaire et mandibulaire (sept patients), b) des prothèses amovibles ancrées sur implant au niveau de la mandibule et des prothèses amovibles totales supérieures (sept patients). Les cinq contrôles avaient soit une dentition naturelle soit des couronnes sur implants ou dent unique. L'EMG de surface des muscles masséter et temporaux a été effectué durant la mastication unilatérale de gomme à mâcher et à la force maximale de fermeture. Pour diminuer le bruit biologique et instrumental, toutes les valeurs ont été standardisées en pourcentage d'une force maximale de fermeture sur des rouleaux de coton. Durant la fermeture, la symétrie musculaire temporale était plus importante chez les sujets contrôles et les prothèses fixées sur implants que chez les patients avec prothèse amovible (analyse de variance, p=0,005). Aucune différence n'a été constatée dans la symétrie musculaire du masséter ou dans la torsion musculaire. Les activités musculaires (zones intégrées des potentiels EMG avec le temps) étaient significativement plus importantes chez les contrôles que chez les patients avec prothèses fixées sur implants (p=0,014). Dans les deux groupes de patients, une pauvre coordination neuromusculaire durant le mâchonnement, avec des modèles musculaires altérés, et une plus petite symétrie gauche-droite étaient constatées chez les sujets contrôles (p=0,05). Aucune différence dans la fréquence masticatoire n'a été trouvée. L'analyse EMG de surface de fermeture et de mastication montraient que les prothèses fixées sur implant et les prothèses amovibles sur implants étaient fonctionnellement équivalentes. Cependant la coordination neuromusculaire durant la mastication était inférieure à celle trouvée chez les sujets avec dentition naturelle. Zusammenfassung Ziel: Die EMG-Charakteristiken der Kaumuskeln in Patienten mit festsitzenden implantatgetragenen Prothesen und implantatgetragenen Hybridprothesen zu vergleichen. Material und Methode: Neunzehn Patienten im Alter von 45 bis 79 Jahren wurden untersucht. Vierzehn davon waren zahnlos und erfolgreich wiederhergestellt worden mit a) festsitzenden implantatgetragenen Ober- und Unterkieferprothesen (sieben Patienten); b) Unterkieferhybridprothesen und OK-Totalprothesen (sieben Patienten). Die fünf Kontrollpatienten hatten eine natürliche Bezahnung oder Einzelkronen bzw. kleine Brücken (nicht mehr als zwei Zähne) auf Implantaten oder Zähnen. Während einseitigem Kaugummikauen und maximalem Zähnepressen wurden Messungen der Oberflächen-EMGs der Masseter- und Temporalmuskulatur durchgeführt. Um das biologische und instrumentelle Rauschen zu unterdrücken, wurden alle Werte als Prozentanteil des maximalen Pressens auf Watterollen standardisiert. Resultate: Während des Pressens war die temporale Muskelsymmetrie bei den Kontrollpatienten und den Patienten mit festsitzenden implantatgetragenen Prothesen grösser als bei den Probanden mit Hybridprothesen (Varianzanalyse, p=0.005). Bei der Symmetrie der Massetermuskeln und im muskulären Drehmoment konnten keine Unterschiede gefunden werden. Die Muskelaktivitäten (integrierte Areale der EMG-Potentiale über die Zeit) waren bei den Kontrollpatienten signifikant tiefer als bei den Probanden mit implantatgetragenen Prothesen (p=0.014). Bei beiden Patientengruppen konnte eine schlechtere neuromuskuläre Koordination während des Kauens mit veränderlichen muskulären Mustern und einer geringeren links-rechts Symmetrie als bei den Kontrollpatienten gefunden werden (p=0.05). Bei der Kaufrequenz bestanden keine Unterscheide. Schlussfolgerung: Die Analyse der Oberflächen-EMG beim Pressen und Kauen zeigte, dass festsitzende implantatgetragene Prothesen und implantatgetragene Hybridprothesen funktionell gleichwertig sind. Die neromuskuläre Koordination während des Kauens war schlechter als bei Probanden mit natürlicher Bezahnung. Resumen Objetivos: Comparar las características del EMG de los músculos masticatorios en pacientes con prótesis fija implanto-soportada y sobredentaduras en implantes. Material y métodos: Se examinaron 19 sujetos de edades entre 45 y 79 años. Catorce eran edéntulos, y habían sido rehabilitados con éxito con a) prótesis fija implanto-soportada maxilar y mandibular (siete pacientes); b) sobredentadura completa en implantes maxilar y mandibular (siete pacientes). Cinco pacientes de control tenían dentición natural o dentaduras fijas sobre implantes o dientes unitarias o parciales (no mas de 2 dientes). Se llevó a cabo EMG de superficie de los músculos maseteros y temporales durante mascado de chicles unilateralmente, y durante cierre máximo. Para reducir las interferencias biológicas e instrumentales, todos los valores se estandarizaron como porcentajes de un cierre máximo sobre rollos de algodón. Resultados: Durante el cierre, la simetría de los músculos temporales fue mayor en los sujetos de control y en los pacientes de prótesis fijas implanto-soportadas que en los pacientes con sobredentaduras (análisis de varianza, p=0.005). No se encontraron diferencias en la simetría del músculo masetero o en el torque muscular. Las actividades musculares (áreas integradas de los potenciales del EMG a lo largo del tiempo) fueron significativamente mayores en los sujetos de control que en los pacientes con prótesis implantosoportada (p=0.014). En ambos grupos de pacientes, se encontró una coordinación neuromuscular mas pobre durante el mascado, con patrones musculares alterados, y una menor simetría derecha-izquierda que en los sujetos de control (p=0.05). No se encontraron diferencias en la frecuencia masticatoria. Conclusión: El análisis del EMG de superficie de máxima mordida y de mascado mostró que las prótesis fijas implanto-soportadas y las sobredentaduras en implantes fueron funcionalmente equivalentes. La coordinación neuromuscular durante el mascado fue inferior a aquella encontrada en sujetos con dentición natural. [source]