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Electrophoretic Patterns (electrophoretic + pattern)
Selected AbstractsEffect of Actinidin on the Protein Solubility, Water Holding Capacity, Texture, Electrophoretic Pattern of Beef, and on the Quality Attributes of a Sausage ProductJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2009M. Aminlari ABSTRACT:, The objective of this study was to study the effect of actinidin, a sulfhydryl protease from kiwi fruit, on the protein solubility (nitrogen solubility index [NSI]), water holding capacity (WHC), texture, and SDS,PAGE pattern of beef and to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of beef with actinidin on the quality attributes of a sausage product. Actinidin was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. Actinidin significantly (P < 0.05) increased NSI and WHC of beef; the highest NSI and WHC (approximately 20% and 8% increase, respectively) was observed when beef was incubated with 0.9 unit enzyme/g beef. Texture analysis indicated increased tenderization (10% decrease in shear force) when slices of cattle beef were treated with actinidin at 37 °C for 2 h. SDS,PAGE results indicated appearance of several low molecular weight bands (<10 kDa) after treating beef with different levels of actinidin for 30 or 60 min. Slight changes in protein band in the range of 100 to 120 kDa and 13 to 25 kDa were also observed. Use of actinidin-tenderized beef significantly improved emulsion stability, texture, and organoleptic properties of the sausage product. [source] Physicochemical Properties of Pacific Whiting Surimi as Affected by Various Freezing and Storage ConditionsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2002J. Reynolds ABSTRACT: Effects of various freezing methods of surimi on the biochemical and physical properties, were examined. Stress values increased up to 3 mo and then decreased. Strain values significantly decreased over time, except freeze-dried surimi stored at -18 °C. Yellowness (b*) of the freeze-dried surimi stored at 22 °C increased significantly during storage. In addition, salt-extractable proteins (SEP) decreased while dimethylamine (DMA) increased. Freeze-dried surimi showed the highest SEP and the lowest DMA values after 9 mo storage. Electrophoretic patterns did not show any apparent damages to the MHC until 6 mo. At 6 and 9 mo, development of proteins with smaller molecular weights was observed, indicating proteolytic degradation during frozen storage. [source] Electrophoretic patterns of microwaved and ,-irradiated beef liver proteinsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2001S Farag Abstract The effects of ,-irradiation treatments (2.5, 5 and 10,kGy) and microwaves generated from an oven at low and defrost power settings for 0.5, 1 and 2,min on the total proteins and protein patterns of beef liver immediately after treatment and during frozen storage (,18,°C) for different periods were studied. Chemical analyses indicated that the protein content of beef liver was reduced after exposure to ,-radiation or microwaves and also during frozen storage. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to illustrate the changes in protein bands of different molecular weights and their percentages before and after exposure to gamma and microwave radiation. The main effect of ,-radiation on the protein patterns of beef liver was the disappearance of some high-molecular-weight protein bands and the development of other bands characterised by moderate and low molecular weights. This finding indicates the degradation of beef liver proteins by ,-irradiation. In contrast, microwave treatment caused an increase in the levels of high-molecular-weight protein bands with a concomitant decrease in low-molecular-weight protein bands. This phenomenon demonstrates the polymerisation of low-molecular-weight proteins under the influence of microwaves. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Ethanol-induced alterations of the antioxidant defense system in rat kidneyJOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Diana Dinu Abstract We report here the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided in two identical groups and were treated as follows: control group (water for fluid) and the ethanol-fed group (2 g/kg body weight/24 h). The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks, and respectively 30 weeks of ethanol consumption, and the renal tissue was isolated and analyzed. Results revealed that kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activities increased significantly after ethanol administration, but the electrophoretic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase isoforms was unmodified. The SDS polyacrylamidegel electrophoretic study of kidney proteins has revealed the appearance of two new protein bands after long-term ethanol consumption. The kidney reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased, indicating an oxidative stress response due to ethanol ingestion. The malondialdehyde contents and xanthine oxidase activities were unchanged. The antioxidant enzymatic defense system showed a different response during the two periods of ethanol administration. After 10 weeks, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were activated, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, and ,-glutamyltranspeptidase levels were stationary. After 30 weeks, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were unmodified, but catalase, glutathione transferase, ,-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased. Remarkable changes have been registered after 30 weeks of ethanol administration for glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, including an increase by 106 and 216' of control values, respectively. These results showed specific changes in rat kidney antioxidant system and glutathione status as a consequence of long-term ethanol administration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:386-395, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20101 [source] A reovirus disease in cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern ChinaJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 3 2007S-P Weng Abstract A reovirus, designated mud crab reovirus (MCRV), associated with large economic losses was recently isolated from marine cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China. The complete viral particle is 70 nm in diameter, icosahedral and non-enveloped. The virus infects connective tissue cells of the hepatopancreas, gills and intestine in mud crab and develops in the cytoplasm. Hundred per cent mortality was observed in mud crab experimentally infected by intramuscular injection, bath inoculation and oral inoculation, while cohabitation infection caused 80% mortality. The viral genome consists of 13 linear dsRNA segments, with an electrophoretic pattern 1/5/7. The results of this study suggest that the virus is highly pathogenic and can be transmitted enterically as well as via the body surface of mud crab. Although the genomic organization of this virus is different from that of the other crab reoviruses, CcRV-W2 and DpPV, all three of these reoviruses have similar electrophoresis patterns. Therefore, MCRV may be a new member of the DpPV and CcRV-W2 group. [source] Purification and characterization of a new reovirus from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensisJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 12 2004S Zhang Abstract A new reovirus was recently isolated from a freshwater crab, the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, in China. The complete viral particles are 55 nm in diameter, icosahedral, non-enveloped and have a mean buoyant density of 1.39 g cm,3 in CsCl gradient. The viral genome is composed of 12 pieces of dsRNA with an electrophoretic pattern of 3/4/2/3. This virus infects connective tissue of the gills, gut and hepatopancreas. Partial cDNA cloning and sequence analysis showed that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is located in the first RNA segment. From its biochemical, ultrastructural and physicochemical properties, this virus is quite different from the genus Aquareovirus (Reoviridae). It may represent a new genus of Reoviridae, different from the other crab reoviruses, P and W2. [source] Characterization of blond and Star Ruby (red) Jaffa grapefruits using antioxidant and electrophoretic methodsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Shela Gorinstein Summary Antioxidant and electrophoretic methods were used to characterize the quality differences between blond and Star Ruby (red) grapefruits. Dietary fibre, minerals and trace elements, total polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic and ascorbic acids were also determined. The antioxidant potential of red grapefruit was significantly higher than that of the blond fruit (P < 0.05) and correlated well with the total polyphenols (R2 from 0.8456 to 0.9711). In both the cultivars studied, thirty-two electrophoretic bands were detected [sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)]. The main electrophoretic bands occurred between 20 and 43 kDa in both grapefruits with few minor differences between the varieties. Our findings indicate the following (i) red grapefruit is preferable: it has a higher concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential than the blond; (ii) 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test is a more sensitive method for the determination of antioxidant potential; (iii) there are some minor differences in electrophoretic patterns; (iv) antioxidant and electrophoretic methods are a good combination for characterization of differences of the same citrus fruits. [source] Electrophoretic analysis of urinary proteins in diabetic adolescentsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2001George Koliakos Abstract Pathological changes in the urine sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) patterns often precede the occurrence of any sign of renal involvement in diabetes. However, data concerning the most frequent SDS PAGE pattern of the urine in early stages of type I diabetes mellitus are controversial. In the present study an SDS PAGE technique has been used that provides an adequate sensitivity for the detection of the abnormal pattern. Urinary proteins have been analyzed by SDS PAGE in twenty two diabetic adolescents and twenty four age matched controls. Albumin concentration, and N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were also measured in the same samples. There was no significant difference in urine albumin concentration and NAG activity between diabetic children and controls. However twelve patients showed an electrophoretic pattern characteristic for glomerulopathy, two had a pattern indicating tubular dysfunction and another two patients had a mixed pattern. Among the twenty four controls only three showed abnormal electrophoretic patterns. The results support the view that early stages of diabetic nephropathy may involve both glomerular and tubular dysfunction. However the exact clinical and prognostic significance of the information provided by SDS PAGE analysis remains to be elucidated. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:178,183, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A novel phenotype based on esterase electrophoretic polymorphism for the differentiation of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and cremorisLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006H. Ouzari Abstract Aims:, To evaluate the esterase phenotype in Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from traditional Tunisian dairy products. Methods and Results:, A collection of 55 L. lactis strains isolated from traditional fermented milk products and three reference strains were identified at species and subspecies level using molecular methods targeted to the 16S rRNA gene and to the histidine operon. The genotypic data obtained allowed the identification of the strains as L. lactis ssp. lactis and L. lactis ssp. cremoris with the prevalence of the ssp. lactis. The phenotypic identification based on arginine hydrolysis, the growth at 40°C and in presence of 4% NaCl showed several discrepancy with the identification data based on genotypic analysis. Additional experiments carried out evaluating the esterase electrophoretic patterns revealed four classes of esterases identified on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility and specific activity on , - and , -naphthyl ester of acetate and propionate. Esterase profiles discriminated the strains in two main groups corresponding to the subspecies cremoris and lactis according to a DNA-based identification. Conclusions:, The evaluation of esterase activity represents a novel phenotype for the taxonomic discrimination of the L. lactis ssp. lactis and cremoris. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Besides the DNA-based techniques that allow the rapid and accurate species/subspecies identification, the electrophoretic esterase profiles of L. lactis strains represents: (i) a new phenotypic tool to understand the physiology and the ecology of this species; and (ii) a new test for the potential selection of flavour producing strains. [source] Effect of protein degradation on spot Mr distribution in 2-D gels , a case study of proteolysis during development of Streptomyces coelicolor culturesPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 12 2008Jiri Vohradsky Dr. Abstract Proteolysis, a regulated biological process, is reflected by protein spot molecular weight distribution in 2-D gel electrophoretograms. Here we report studies of Streptomyces cultures as they undergo two different developmental processes involving proteolysis. Systematic changes in protein molecular weight distribution between the control samples and those with high activity of proteases were demonstrated. The observations were supported by a numerical model of degradation and its influence on the Mr distribution. Simple statistics could be used to distinguish between normal and degradative 2-D gel electrophoretic patterns. [source] Identification of human phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) as N -acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase (AGM1)ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 2 2002H. PANG We performed phenotyping of human phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) and screening for mutations in the human N -acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase gene (AGM1) to identify PGM3 as AGM1. By sequencing the coding region of AGM1, two alleles containing a G or A base at nucleotide 1396, that can respectively encode aspartic acid or asparagine at codon 466, were identified. Cell extracts of COS7 cells after transfection with the pcDNA 3·1(+) plasmid containing an AGM1 allele with 1396G or 1396A showed similar electrophoretic patterns to the PGM3 1 or PGM3 2 protein, respectively, with the isozyme detection method used for PGM3 phenotyping. The genotypes determined by the two alleles of AGM1 coincided exactly with the PGM3 phenotypes in 20 individuals. We also investigated the allele frequency of the AGM1 nucleotide polymorphism in a Japanese population by DNA sequencing and found that the frequencies of alleles 1396G and 1396A were similar to previously reported PGM3*1 and PGM3*2 frequencies. Overall, the facts that the AGM1 gene product shows PGM activity, AGM1 is polymorphic, the electrophoretic mobility is similar between AGM1 allele-specific products and PGM3 1 and 2 proteins, PGM3 phenotypes and AGM1 genotypes completely coincide in 20 individuals, and AGM1 allele frequencies are similar to those of PGM3*1 and PGM3*2 in Japanese populations, suggest that PGM3 is identical to AGM1. [source] | |||||||||||||