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Electrolysis Time (electrolysis + time)
Selected AbstractsTreatment of textile dye wastewater by using an electrochemical bipolar disc stack reactorJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 10 2004Karuppan Muthukumar Abstract Textile dye house wastewater from a reactive dye processing unit was treated by using an electrochemical oxidation technique. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical bipolar disc reactor using RuO2 coated on titanium as anode and titanium as cathode. The sodium chloride present in the effluent was used as supporting electrolyte. Operating parameters such as current density, reservoir hold-up and electrolysis time were studied for maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction and other relevant parameters such as current efficiency and power consumption per kg of COD removal were calculated. The higher flow rate and lower reservoir hold-up resulted in improved COD removal. The applied current density was also found to significantly influence the reduction of COD. A suitable mathematical model is also proposed to illustrate the relationship between the basic parameters. Pseudo mass transfer coefficients were also evaluated for different experimental conditions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Operating and scale-up factors for the electrolytic removal of algae from eutrophied lakewaterJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2002Catalino G Alfafara Abstract Electrolytic removal of algae was conducted in batch and continuous reactors to investigate operating factors affecting removal efficiency and to explore engineering relationships which could be useful for operation and scale-up. The system integrated both electro-flocculation and electro-flotation mechanisms by using polyvalent metal anodes and inert metal cathodes. Batch reactor studies confirmed that high electrical input power or higher electrical current achieved higher and faster removal efficiencies. Natural liquid circulation was observed during electrolytic operation and increased with higher electrical power. However, a small degree of external mixing may be useful at lower electrical power input. Electro-flotation alone could not achieve complete algae removal (maximum efficiency 40,50%), and showed the importance of algal floc formation for the complete removal of algae. In continuous electrolysis experiments, the ratio of the volumetric current intensity (amperes,dm,3) and the chlorophyll a loading (mg,dm,3,h,1) was found to be a useful operating and scale-up factor to balance high algal removal efficiency with minimum release of excess aluminum. This ratio was eventually found to be just the charge dose or the amount of coulombs required to remove a unit mass of chlorophyll a. The optimum charge dose was determined and used to relate the operating current and electrolysis time of a continuous process. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Polypyrrole/polyaniline conductive films obtained electrochemically on polycarbonate-coated platinum electrodesPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2002Meral Karak Abstract In this study, two-component free-standing films were obtained by coating a polycarbonate (PC)-coated Pt electrode first with polypyrrole (PPy) in an organic medium and then polyaniline (PAn) in an aqueous medium using an electrochemical technique. The amount of PPy and PAn contained in the films was controlled by varying the electrolysis time. The PC/PPy/PAn films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, conductivity, FTIR and UV,visible spectrophotometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The resistance change of the films was determined in the temperature range of ,15 to 120,°C and their temperature sensor properties were investigated. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Application of electrochemically generated molybdenum-based catalyst system to the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and a comparison with the tungsten analogueAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2005Okan Dereli Abstract This study describes the application of the electrochemically generated molybdenum-based catalyst system MoCl5e,AlCH2Cl2 to ring-opening metathesis polymerization of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (norbornene). The results are compared with those previously obtained by the WCl6e,AlCH2Cl2 system. The polymer product has been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR and gel-permeation chromatography techniques. This molybdenum-based catalyst system has led to a mainly trans stereoconfiguration (ca 60%) of the double bonds, in contrast to the polymer obtained with the tungsten-based analogue, where the cis content is 60%. Analysis of the poly(1,3-cyclopentylenevinylene) microstructure by 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polymer having ,c = 0.41 (fraction of double bonds with cis configuration) contains a slightly blocky distribution (rtrc > 1) of the double-bond dyads (rtrc = 1.44). In addition, the influence of reaction parameters, e.g. reaction time, electrolysis time and catalyst aging time, on conversion has been analysed in detail. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||