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Elements Embedded (element + embedded)
Selected AbstractsHow Values Congeal into FactsRATIO, Issue 1 2000Joel J. Kupperman The paper plays against the philosophical stereotype that facts are bits of reality, ,furniture of the universe', and that values in contrast are either mysterious bits of reality or responses to facts. It follows Strawson in regarding facts as interpretative constructs. Values also are interpretative constructs, characterized by a normal (but not universal) connection with motivations. So is there a deep difference? There is a sense of ,facts', marked by phrases such as ,Stick to the facts', in which the interpretative element embedded in a ,fact' is uncontentious and would be invisible to most people. The interpretative element in values, in contrast, usually is very noticeable. But values in which this element comes to be uncontentious and taken for granted congeal into facts. [source] Fabrication of Flexible Binary Amplitude Masks for Patterning on Highly Curved SurfacesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 20 2009Audrey M. Bowen Abstract This paper describes soft lithography methods that expand current fabrication capabilities by enabling high-throughput patterning on nonplanar substrates. These techniques exploit optically dense elastomeric mask elements embedded in a transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix by vacuum-assisted microfluidic patterning, UV,ozone-mediated irreversible sealing, and chemical etching. These protocols provide highly flexible photomasks exhibiting either positive- or negative-image contrasts, which serve as amplitude masks for large-area photolithographic patterning on a variety of curved (and planar) surfaces. When patterning on cylindrical surfaces, the developed masks do not experience significant pattern distortions. For substrates with 3D curvatures/geometries, however, the PDMS mask must undergo relatively large strains in order to make conformal contact. The new methods described in this report provide planar masks that can be patterned to compliantly compensate for both the displacements and distortions of features that result from stretching the mask to span the 3D geometry. To demonstrate this, a distortion-corrected grid pattern mask was fabricated and used in conjunction with a homemade inflation device to pattern an electrode mesh on a glass hemisphere with predictable registration and distortion compensation. The showcased mask fabrication processes are compatible with a broad range of substrates, illustrating the potential for development of complex lithographic patterns for a variety of applications in the realm of curved electronics (i.e., synthetic retinal implants and curved LED arrays) and wide field-of-view optics. [source] Numerical modelling of compensation grouting above shallow tunnelsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 5 2005C. Wisser Abstract This paper describes the development of a numerical model for compensation grouting which is a useful technique for the protection of surface structures from the potentially damaging movements arising from tunnel construction. Pipes are inserted into the ground between the tunnel and the overlaying structure from an access shaft. Buildings on the surface are instrumented and movements are carefully monitored. Once the deformations exceed a certain Trigger Level, grout is injected into the ground to prevent damage. In the finite element model described here, compensation grouting is modelled by applying an internal pressure to zero-thickness interface elements embedded in the mesh. An ,observational algorithm' is used, where the deformations of the surface are monitored and used to control the injection process. Example analyses of compensation grouting are given for three-dimensional tunnel construction underneath a greenfield site. Different strategies are used to control the injection process and their effectiveness in preventing surface movement is assessed. The numerical model is shown to replicate general behaviour expected in the field and is capable of modelling the control of ground surface movements at a greenfield site. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Providing direct care nurses research and evidence-based practice information: an essential component of nursing leadershipJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010BETH A. STAFFILENO PhD staffileno b.a. & carlson e. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 84,89 Providing direct care nurses research and evidence-based practice information: an essential component of nursing leadership Aims, This commentary describes the reasons, strategies and benefits of providing direct care nurses with research and evidence-based practice (EBP) education. Background, A component of nursing leadership is to provide nurses opportunities for professional growth and development, yet this can be challenging during a time when resources are constrained and need to be used wisely. Evaluation, Our research and EBP education programmes have been evaluated qualitatively, as well as by the number of research/EBP projects implemented. Key issues, Providing direct care nurses with support and additional education empowers them to seek, critically appraise and integrate research findings into their daily patient care. Conclusions, Direct care nurses, who participated in our programme, demonstrated a strong desire to learn about research and EBP so they could practice using evidence-based care with confidence, thus transitioning from a ,tradition-based' care approach to an evidence-based way of providing care as the standard for nursing practice. Implications for Nursing Management, Providing a dedicated time for additional education sends a clear message that research and EBP are important elements embedded in patient care. The organisation, then, is seen as an environment that emphasizes the value of research and EBP at the unit and organisational level. [source] Small-size coupled-fed shorted T-monopole for internal WWAN antenna in the thin-profile mobile phoneMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2010Wei-Yu Chen Abstract A coupled-fed shorted T-monopole with a small size of 15× 26 mm2 (390 mm2) printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone for WWAN operation is presented. By using a simple inverted-L feeding strip to capacitively excite the shorted T-monopole, two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz, respectively, to cover GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operations are obtained. The antenna is an all-printing structure, with no external matching circuit on the system circuit board or lumped circuit elements embedded in the antenna required for size reduction or bandwidth enhancement. The antenna is hence easy to fabricate at low cost and is especially suited for thin-profile mobile phone applications. The occupied area (less than 400 mm2) of the antenna printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone in this study is among the smallest for the internal uniplanar printed antenna capable of penta-band WWAN operation that have been reported. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and the obtained results, including its SAR (specific absorption rate) study, are presented and discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 257,262, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24907 [source] | ||||||||||