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Edible Mushrooms (edible + mushroom)
Selected AbstractsAN ESTEROLYTIC ACTIVITY FROM A WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM, LYCOPERDON PERLATUMJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2009AHMET COLAK ABSTRACT Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. (Lycoperdaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi) was evaluated for its esterolytic potential. Native electrophoresis of the crude extracts showed four bands having Rf values of 0.34, 0.39, 0.52 and 0.59. The esterase showed the highest activity toward a short-chain substrate, p -nitrophenyl acetate. Optimum reaction conditions for L. perlatum crude extract were attained at pH 8.0 and 40C. Esterolytic activity of enzyme extract was stimulated in the presence of Mn2+, Fe2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ in the reaction mixture. The enzyme activity was stimulated by incubation at pH 6.0 but retained 77% of its original activity at its optimum pH after 24 h. Thermal inactivation was displayed after incubation for 20 min at various temperatures above 30C. At 1 mM final concentration, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and p -methylphenyl sulfonylfluoride inhibited the esterolytic reaction. These results support that the crude L. perlatum extract possesses an esterolytic activity having properties similar to other esterases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Esterases catalyzing the cleavage and formation of ester bonds are known ,/,-hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.X). Esterases are used for the synthesis of flavor esters for the food industry, modification of triglycerides for fat and oil industry and resolution of racemic mixtures used for the synthesis of fine chemicals for the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the search for new enzyme sources is important for the development of new enzymes and applications. [source] Radical scavenging activities, endogenous oxidative enzymes and total phenols in edible mushrooms commonly consumed in EuropeJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2007Ana Cristina Ramírez-Anguiano Abstract Edible mushrooms are a good source of antioxidants. Methanol extracts of mushrooms such as Pleurotus sp., Agaricus bisporus, Morchella esculenta, Boletus edulis (approx. 2 mg mL,1) showed a high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity close to 90%. Water extracts showed even higher antioxidant activity. In this case, B. edulis, Lentinus edodes and Amanita cesarea showed the highest 2,2,-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activity at approx. 0.14 mg mL,1. Other mushrooms such as Lactarius deliciosus and Cantharellus cibarius showed lower antioxidant activity in both extracts. Oxidative enzymes (peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases) present in the water fractions reduced their antioxidant activity by different extents since the phenols responsible for the antioxidant activity were not only those substrates of the oxidative enzymes. Other phenolic compounds and low-molecular-weight compounds were also involved in the antioxidant activity and differed depending on mushroom species. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Ergosterol peroxide from an edible mushroom suppresses inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and growth of HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cellsBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2007M Kobori Background and purpose: 5,,8,-Epidioxy-22E -ergosta-6, 22-dien-3,-ol (ergosterol peroxide) is a major antitumour sterol produced by edible or medicinal mushrooms. However, its molecular mechanism of action has yet to be determined. Here, we examine the anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of ergosterol peroxide. Experimental approach: After treating RAW264.7 macrophages with LPS and purified ergosterol peroxide or ergosterol, we determined LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, nuclear DNA binding activity of transcription factors and phosphorylation of MAP kinases (MAPKs). HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were treated with ergosterol peroxide for 5 days. To investigate the antitumour properties of ergosterol peroxide, we performed DNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses and determined the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT29 cells. Key results: Ergosterol peroxide suppressed LPS-induced TNF-, secretion and IL-1,/, expression in RAW264.7 cells. Ergosterol peroxide and ergosterol suppressed LPS-induced DNA binding activity of NF-,B and C/EBP,, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and ERK MAPKs. Ergosterol peroxide down-regulated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) regulated by C/EBP, and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ergosterol peroxide showed cytostatic effects on HT29 cells and increased intracellular ROS. Furthermore, ergosterol peroxide induced the expression of oxidative stress-inducible genes, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A, and suppressed STAT1 and interferon-inducible genes. Conclusion and Implication: Our results suggest that ergosterol peroxide and ergosterol suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses through inhibition of NF-,B and C/EBP, transcriptional activity, and phosphorylation of MAPKs. Moreover, ergosterol peroxide appears to suppress cell growth and STAT1 mediated inflammatory responses by altering the redox state in HT29 cells. British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 150, 209,219. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706972 [source] Radical scavenging activities, endogenous oxidative enzymes and total phenols in edible mushrooms commonly consumed in EuropeJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2007Ana Cristina Ramírez-Anguiano Abstract Edible mushrooms are a good source of antioxidants. Methanol extracts of mushrooms such as Pleurotus sp., Agaricus bisporus, Morchella esculenta, Boletus edulis (approx. 2 mg mL,1) showed a high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity close to 90%. Water extracts showed even higher antioxidant activity. In this case, B. edulis, Lentinus edodes and Amanita cesarea showed the highest 2,2,-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activity at approx. 0.14 mg mL,1. Other mushrooms such as Lactarius deliciosus and Cantharellus cibarius showed lower antioxidant activity in both extracts. Oxidative enzymes (peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases) present in the water fractions reduced their antioxidant activity by different extents since the phenols responsible for the antioxidant activity were not only those substrates of the oxidative enzymes. Other phenolic compounds and low-molecular-weight compounds were also involved in the antioxidant activity and differed depending on mushroom species. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Speciation of essential and toxic elements in edible mushrooms: size-exclusion chromatography separation with on-line UV,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detectionAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2004Rodolfo G. Wuilloud Abstract Size-exclusion liquid chromatography was coupled to UV and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for detection to perform elemental speciation studies on different edible mushrooms. Molecular weight (MW) distribution patterns of several elements among different fractions present in various edible mushrooms are presented. The association of the elements with the high and low MW fractions was observed using sequential detection by UV and ICP-MS. Separation was performed using a Superdex 75 column. Variability of the fractionation patterns with three different extraction media (0.05 mol l,1 NaOH; 0.05 mol l,1 HCl; hot water at 60°C) was evaluated for mushroom species. A comparative elemental speciation study was performed in order to determine the differences in the fractionation patterns of silver, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and tin in Boletus edulis, Agaricus bisporus, and Lentinus edodes. Differences in the fractionation patterns of the elements were found to depend on the mushroom species and the extraction medium. Most of the elements were associated with high mw fractions. It was not possible to assess the trace metal contributions from the mushroom growth media. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Ten Natural p -Terphenyl Derivatives Obtained from Three Edible Mushrooms Indigenous to ChinaCHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 4 2004Ji-Kai Liu The antioxidant activities of ten natural p -terphenyl derivatives, 1,10, obtained from the fruiting bodies of three edible mushrooms (Thelephora ganbajun, Thelephora aurantiotincta, Boletopsis grisea) indigenous to China were evaluated in comparison with BHA (,butylated hydroxyanisole'=(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxyphenol) and , -tocopherol by the DPPH (,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl'=2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl) radical-scavenging method. The compounds 1,3 showed significant antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1,10 and reference compounds followed the order: 2>BHA>1>3>, -tocopherol>10>9>6,>, 5>8>7>4. The compound 2 exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging activity with an EC50 value of 0.07 (EC50(BHA) 0.09; EC50(, -tocopherol) 0.25). [source] | ||||||||||