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Economic Research (economic + research)
Selected AbstractsA History of Corporate Governance around the World, National Bureau of Economic Research , Edited by Randall K MorckCORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2009Anne Simpson No abstract is available for this article. [source] Life Cycle and Cohort Productivity in Economic Research: The Case of GermanyGERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2008Michael Rauber Research productivity; life cycles; cohort effects Abstract. We examine the research productivity of German academic economists over their life cycles. It turns out that the career patterns of research productivity as measured by journal publications are characterized by marked cohort effects. Moreover, the life cycles of younger German economists are hump shaped and resemble the life cycles identified for US economists, whereas the life cycles of older German economists are much flatter. Finally, we find that not only productivity, but also research quality follows distinct life cycles. Our study employs econometric techniques that are likely to produce estimates that are more trustworthy than previous estimates. [source] The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse: An Integration of Econometric and Behavioral Economic Research edited by F.J. Chaloupka, M. Grossman, W.K. Bickel and H. Safer.HEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 4 20011999., Chicago, University of Chicago Press No abstract is available for this article. [source] An Appraisal of Economic Research on Changes in Wage InequalityLABOUR, Issue 2008Stephen Machin I describe the origins of the recent work, the sizable body of research trying to understand national and international differences, and discuss the directions in which more recent work has moved. The paper concludes with the observation that, for a number of reasons, research that tries to better understand changing patterns of wage inequality (especially in a cross-country context) is likely to remain high on the research agenda of empirical labour economists. [source] Ausmaß der Gewinnverlagerung multinationaler Unternehmen , empirische Evidenz und Implikationen für die deutsche SteuerpolitikPERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 1 2008Jost H. Heckemeyer This article thoroughly analyses the most prominent and most daring of all circulating estimates, a study recently published by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW). We reveal its shortcomings and in return present new estimates. Corresponding tax policy implications will also be pointed out. [source] The Game Academics Play: CommentBULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Rajeev K. Goel A19; C79; L19 Abstract A recent paper by Faria (Bulletin of Economic Research, 57 (2005), pp. 1,12) deals with the interplay between editors and authors. This research is a welcome addition to the literature on formal analyses of academic markets. This note points out a potential discrepancy in Faria's derivation of the equilibrium journal quality and clarifies the conditions under which journal quality responds to changes in editor's impatience and in author's impatience. Specifically, the effect of a change in author's impatience on journal quality is shown to be not unambiguous. Some implications of these findings are discussed. [source] Benefit-Cost Analysis of Addiction Treatment: Methodological Guidelines and Empirical Application Using the DATCAP and ASIHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 2 2002Michael T. French Objective. To provide detailed methodological guidelines for using the Drug Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis Program (DATCAP) and Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in a benefit-cost analysis of addiction treatment. Data Sources/Study Setting. A representative benefit-cost analysis of three outpatient programs was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and value of the methodological guidelines. Study Design. Procedures are outlined for using resource use and cost data collected with the DATCAP. Techniques are described for converting outcome measures from the ASI to economic (dollar) benefits of treatment. Finally, principles are advanced for conducting a benefit-cost analysis and a sensitivity analysis of the estimates. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. The DATCAP was administered at three outpatient drug-free programs in Philadelphia, PA, for 2 consecutive fiscal years (1996 and 1997). The ASI was administered to a sample of 178 treatment clients at treatment entry and at 7-months postadmission. Principal Findings. The DATCAP and ASI appear to have significant potential for contributing to an economic evaluation of addiction treatment. The benefit-cost analysis and subsequent sensitivity analysis all showed that total economic benefit was greater than total economic cost at the three outpatient programs, but this representative application is meant to stimulate future economic research rather than justifying treatment per se. Conclusions. This study used previously validated, research-proven instruments and methods to perform a practical benefit-cost analysis of real-world treatment programs. The study demonstrates one way to combine economic and clinical data and offers a methodological foundation for future economic evaluations of addiction treatment. [source] The Market, the Firm, and the Economics ProfessionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Daniel Sutter The mathematical and statistical complexity of economic research increased remarkably over the past century. While criticisms of the trend abound, the "wisdom of crowds" argument creates a presumption that the profession's acceptance of increasing mathematical sophistication is a net improvement. I provide a contrasting "market failure" argument for the excessive mathematization of economics. Academic research is not a cash-based economy, and this limits economists' ability to contract for assistance with technical research. Consequently, production of mathematical and statistical research must use the firm,the department,instead of the market. This alters the composition of the faculty and ultimately the economics curriculum, and the resulting level of sophistication may be greater than optimal. [source] Economists' Opinions of Economists' WorkAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007William L. Davis Economists' credibility has been waning in recent years. Critics usually cite the profession's preoccupation with abstract reasoning and its focus on seemingly irrelevant topics that hold little interest for individuals outside the discipline. While economic science has enormous potential for improving living standards, the profession's adverse reputation is indicative of a discipline seemingly void of any social contribution. This article presents the results of a recently conducted survey of professional economists. The survey was undertaken to ascertain economists' opinions of their own professional work, including the progress of economic research, its usefulness for society, and factors that determine the publication of that research. [source] The Productivity Impact of IT Deployment: An Empirical Evaluation of ATM IntroductionOXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 5 2000Michelle Haynes The term ,IT paradox' has been widely used to describe the apparent failure of much economic research to discover significant productivity gains associated with IT investment. In part this has been ascribed to measurement problems associated with both IT inputs and with outputs in IT-intensive industries. The current paper seeks to circumvent these difficulties by taking the ATM as a clearly defined embodied IT application and then using anaugmented production function approach to isolate its productivity effectsacross a sample of UK building societies, over the period of the ATM'sdiffusion. The paper finds no support for the ,IT paradox' and reports large robust and statistically significant productivity gains associated with ATM introduction. [source] Marktdesign und Experimentelle WirtschaftsforschungPERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 2009Axel Ockenfels Institutions matter because they affect incentives, and decision makers respond to incentives. Yet, they do not always do so rationally. Experimental economics complements economic theory by observing the performance of mechanisms in the context of actual decision processes faced by real people. It also answers questions that cannot be answered by theory and field data, tests hypotheses and identifies causalities suggested by theory and field observations, collects facts and phenomena that may stimulate behavioral theories of market design, eases cross-disciplinary cooperation, and communicates economic research to market participants, managers and other real-world decision makers. This article presents selected examples to illustrate how experimental economics may interplay with the more traditional economic toolbox to promote economic engineering both in research and in practice. [source] The German Telecommunications Reform , Where did it come from, Where is it, and Where is it Going?PERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 3 2003Ingo Vogelsang It finally occurred because (1) the beneficiaries had less to lose, (2) Germany was falling behind, (3) reform was proven to work abroad and (4) the EC exerted pressure. The reform, particularly separation of posts from telecommunications, privatization of Deutsche Telekom and the creation of the RegTP, brought radical changes and the formation of new beneficiaries. The current sector crisis should spur research in the stability of competition in network industries and a reevaluation of the current reforms. Further reforms are required by new EC rules that will provide a more unified framework for the entire telecommunications sector. In the long run, privatization and liberalization will be completed, while some kinds of telecommunications-specific regulation will continue. Dominant firm regulation of end-user services is likely to be abolished down the road, while bottleneck regulation may persist. The remaining amount of dominant firm regulation and the pace of deregulation will depend heavily on market boundaries between (a) wireless and fixed networks, (b) high and low capacity subscriber access and (c) high-density and low-density networks. Assessing the interaction between market boundaries and market power requires economic research of intermodal competition and market power. [source] Children, Labour Supply and Child Care: Challenges for Empirical AnalysisTHE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Guyonne Kalb The aim of this article is to give an overview of the important issues relating to the labour supply of the primary carer in a household. Child care plays a central role in allowing the primary carer time away from the young children in a household. Therefore, child-care use is a central topic of this article, as well. There are a number of different aspects to child care, such as the price, quality, availability and type of service. This article discusses the analytical problems and challenges, taking Australian data, policy and experience as a focus, but drawing on a wide range of international empirical studies. It reports the results from previous research on child-care use and labour supply and it outlines the areas requiring more study. The focus of the article is on economic research. [source] Where Is the Future in Public Health?THE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010HILARY GRAHAM Context: Today's societies have far-reaching impacts on future conditions for health. Against this backdrop, this article explores how the future is represented in contemporary public health, examining both its conceptual base and influential approaches through which evidence is generated for policy. Methods: Mission statements and official reviews provide insight into how the future is represented in public health's conceptual and ethical foundations. For its research practices, the article takes examples from epidemiological, intervention, and economic research, selecting risk-factor epidemiology, randomized controlled trials, and economic evaluation as exemplars. Findings: Concepts and ethics suggest that public health research and policy will be concerned with protecting both today's and tomorrow's populations from conditions that threaten their health. But rather than facilitating sustained engagement with future conditions and future health, exemplary approaches to gathering evidence focus on today's population. Thus, risk-factor epidemiology pinpoints risks in temporal proximity to the individual; controlled trials track short-term effects of interventions on the participants' health; and economic evaluations weigh policies according to their value to the current population. While their orientation to the present and near future aligns well with the compressed timescales for policy delivery on which democratic governments tend to work, it makes it difficult for the public health community to direct attention to conditions for future health. Conclusions: This article points to the need for research perspectives and practices that, consistent with public health's conceptual and ethical foundations, represent the interests of both tomorrow's and today's populations. [source] Factors That Affect the Adoption Decision of Conservation Tillage in the Prairie Region of CanadaCANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2008Kelly A. Davey The adoption of conservation tillage technology since the 1970s has been one of the most remarkable changes in the production of crops on the Canadian Prairies. The decision whether to adopt conservation tillage technology or not requires the producer to go through a thorough decision-making process. In Canada, there has been little economic research on the question of what farm, regional, and environmental characteristics affect the adoption decision. Using 1991, 1996, and 2001 Census of Agriculture data together with other data sources we estimate a probit model explaining the adoption decision. We find that important variables include farm size, proximity to a research station, type of soil, and weather conditions. La pratique du semis direct depuis les années 1970 constitue l'un des changements les plus notables de la production des cultures dans les Prairies canadiennes. Avant de décider d'adopter ou non cette pratique, le producteur doit s'engager dans un processus rigoureux de prise de décisions. Au Canada, peu d'études économiques se sont penchées sur les caractéristiques agricoles, régionales et environnementales qui influencent la décision d'adopter ou non. Au moyen des données tirées du Recensement de l'agriculture de 1991, 1996 et 2001, combinées à d'autres sources de données, nous avons estimé un modèle probit pour expliquer la décision d'adopter ou non. Nous avons estimé que les variables importantes incluent la taille de l'exploitation, la proximité d'une station de recherche, le type de sol et les conditions météorologiques. [source] | |||||||||||||