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Economic Penetration (economic + penetration)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Money with a Mean Streak?

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2001
Foreign Economic Penetration, Government Respect for Human Rights in Developing Countries
This study examines the relationship between foreign economic capital and the level of government respect for two types of human rights in developing countries. Two opposing schools of thought offer explanations as to what this relationship might be like. According to the liberal neoclassical school, the acceptance of liberal economic doctrine will provide positive political benefits to developing countries. The "dependency" school, on the other hand, argues that because ties between core and periphery elites give governments in developing nations an incentive to repress, human rights conditions will worsen as foreign economic penetration increases. The results of previous empirical queries into this matter have been mixed. In contrast to most studies, we focus on a broader measure of foreign economic capital, including foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, debt, and official development assistance. Using ordered logit analysis on a cross-national sample of forty-three developing countries from 1981 to 1995, we discover systematic evidence of an association between foreign economic penetration and government respect for two types of human rights, physical integrity rights and political rights and civil liberties. Of particular interest is the finding that both foreign direct investment and portfolio investment are reliably associated with increased government respect for human rights. [source]

The New Dynamics of East Asian Regional Economy: Japanese and Chinese Strategies in Asia

PACIFIC FOCUS, Issue 2 2006
Yasumasa Komori
The Japan-led flying-geese pattern of economic development has become obsolete as an accurate description of the pattern of economic relations in East Asia. Meanwhile, the rise of China as the world's production platform has become the most significant factor in transforming the East Asian regional economy. Although the Asian financial crisis served as a major catalyst for the emergence of ASEAN+3, the China factor looms increasingly important in the subsequent development of East Asian regionalism. Despite its enhanced position in the region, however, China's new role in East Asia is clearly different from the role that Japan played at the zenith of its economic prosperity. While Japan's economic engagement in Asia was based on economic penetration by Japanese multilateral firms, China's rapid growth is still predicated upon foreign capital and technology. China's strength lies in its ability to open up its economy for trade and investment. In trade negotiations with ASEAN, China has taken the lead, surpassing Japan, a country constrained by domestic politics. However, Japan remains an important partner for ASEAN countries, not only in providing financial and developmental assistance, but also in hedging against China's dominance. [source]

Neo-Colonial Aspects of Global Intellectual Property Protection

THE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Issue 1 2009
Andreas Rahmatian
An essential instrument in the process of neo-colonialism by economic means is the establishment of a legal framework of international trade that confers legally enforceable rights that support and safeguard economic penetration and control. This includes, in a similar way as in colonial times, the guarantee of protection of foreign property rights in dependent regions. Today, intellectual property rights fulfil this colonizing role to a large extent. It will be shown that the implementation of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights is one major device that drives such an economic neo-colonialism forward. This is reflected in the history of the making of this treaty, as well as in the methods of enforcement of intellectual property rights, which will be demonstrated in the example of China. Besides this international expansion of Western-style intellectual property rights, there is another, seemingly contrasting and alternative non-proprietarian, legislative project, which nevertheless has neo-colonial effects: the protection of traditional cultural expressions in the context of "traditional" arts. The article discusses that, despite presumably good intentions, this measure reflects colonial features, such as the concept of indirect rule, and invites segregationist legislation. [source]

Struggles Over the Shore: building the quay of Izmir, 1867,1875

CITY & SOCIETY, Issue 1 2000
Sibel Zandi-Sayek
BEGINNING IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, the urban landscape of the Ottoman seaport of Izmir, like other centers on the eastern Mediterranean, was profoundly transformed by the advent of modern forms of urban institutions and infrastructure. Studies dealing with these transformations have been so immersed in structural processes of European economic penetration that little has been known on the ways in which local actors participated in these changes and reworked them to address their own urban concerns and ambitions. Focusing on the remaking of the quay in Izmir, this essay explores how the project triggered discursive and practical struggles among Ottoman administrators, shore owners, local merchants, and a progressive elite, by transforming land tenure patterns and modes of handling trade and shipping on the shore. In doing so, it demonstrates how existing power relations and the complexity of the local urban context reshaped'and gave meaning to this urban modernization scheme. [Modernization, urban elite, public interest, Izmir, Turkey] [source]