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EBV DNA (ebv + dna)
Terms modified by EBV DNA Selected AbstractsEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology for predicting distant metastases in a white juvenile patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and no clinical response to EBV lytic induction therapyHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 11 2006Servi J. C. Stevens PhD Abstract Background. We describe a case of a 16-year-old white girl with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods. At diagnosis, the patient had characteristic immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG responses to EBNA1, viral capsid antigen (VCA)-p18, and early antigens (EAs), with no detectable EBV DNA in her blood. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy resulted in complete remission. Eighteen months later, the patient's IgA responses to EBNA1 and p18 and both IgA and IgG anti-EA increased, without apparent recurrence. Five months later, lung metastases were found. She underwent surgical removal of the lung metastases and conventional chemotherapy, but had intraabdominal lymph node metastasis and mediastinal lesions develop. The patient was then treated with a novel treatment consisting of 5-fluorouracil plus valproic acid and subsequent valganciclovir to induce lytic EBV replication. This resulted in the first detectable EBV DNA levels in the blood but did not result in clinical response. Results. The patient's disease progressed, and the patient declined further cancer treatment and died. Conclusion. In contrast to EBV DNA load, EBV serology was useful in predicting distant NPC metastasis after initial complete remission in this patient. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006 [source] In vivo real-time diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in situ by contact rhinoscopyHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 11 2005Martin Wai Pak FRCSEd(ORL) Abstract Background. Nasopharyngeal dysplasia or nasopharyngeal carcinoma in situ (NPCIS) lesions have rarely been reported. Timely diagnosis of the preinvasive lesion may improve prognosis. Contact endoscopy has been documented to accurately differentiate normal cells of the nasopharynx from malignant cells and allows a real-time diagnosis of primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a clinical setting. However, the role of contact endoscopy in the diagnosis of NPCIS is unknown. Methods. The superficial cells of the nasopharynx in a patient with NPCIS were examined in vivo under local anaesthesia by use of a contact rhinoscope. The contact endoscopic findings were correlated with the histologic findings of the biopsy. Results. The atypical cells of the lesion were magnified and visualized under contact endoscopy. Histopathologic analysis of the biopsied tissue confirmed the presence of NPCIS staining positively for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),encoded RNA (EBER). No cell-free EBV DNA was detected in the sera of the patient. Conclusions. Contact endoscopy can accurately identify the atypical cells of a tiny preinvasive lesion in the nasopharynx in a clinical setting, which may not be evident in routine imaging examination. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in situ (NPCIS),pathologic and clinical perspectivesHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 11 2002Martin Wai Pak FRCSEd(ORL) Abstract Background Dysplasia or carcinoma in situ lesions (NPCIS) of the nasopharynx have rarely been reported. The prevalence, biologic behavior, and the transformation period of the pure preinvasive lesions have not been fully explained. Methods All cases of NPCIS were retrospectively reviewed during the period between 1990 and 2000. The clinical features of all cases were studied. The biopsy samples were examined using light microscopy and in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). The sera taken before and after the transformation were analyzed for anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) EBV titers and circulating cell-free EBV DNA concentration. Results Three cases of NPCIS were identified. Two of the three cases subsequently developed into invasive NPC after initial presentation. The interval of transformation varied from 40 to 48 months. In all three cases, the specimens showed abnormal findings on light microscopy and positive staining for EBER. Elevated anti-VCA titers were present in two of the preinvasive lesions. No cell-free EBV DNA was detected in the sera of these patients during the preinvasive phase of the disease. Conclusions Preinvasive NPC is a rare but distinct entity. Its transformation period can be as long as 4 to 5 years. Elevated anti-VCA titers, in the presence of abnormal cells on light microscopy, should alert the pathologist to perform ISH EBER studies to diagnose this rare condition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Distribution patterns of ,- and ,-herpesviruses within Waldeyer's ring organsJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 8 2007Christoph Berger Abstract The Waldeyer's ring designates a functional unit of lymphoid tissue within the pharynx including the adenoids and tonsils. To gain insight into distribution patterns of ,- and ,-human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their potential mutual influences at their natural portal of entry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were applied to adenoids and tonsils obtained from 30 children. DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 was detected in adenoids, tonsils, or both of 24 (80%), 19 (63%), 23 (77%), 23 (77%), and 0 (0%) children, respectively. EBV, CMV, HHV-6, and -7 localized in both adenoids and tonsils from 92%, 37%, 52%, and 70% of children, respectively, with the virus detectable by qPCR. The amount of EBV was 2,10-fold higher than of other HHVs and correlated in autologous organs (P,=,0.01) as did the amount of HHV-7 (P,=,0.002). The amount of CMV correlated with the HHV-6 amount in adenoids (P,=,0.028) and tonsils (P,=,0.007), and with the amount of HHV-7 in adenoids (P,<,0.01). Levels of HHV-6 DNA were lower in adenoids with detectable CMV DNA than in adenoids without detectable CMV DNA (P,=,0.0062). Inversely, CMV and HHV-7 levels were higher in adenoids with than in adenoids without detectable EBV DNA (P,=,0.019 and P,=,0.039, respectively).Thus, ,- and ,-HHV exhibit distinct distribution behaviors in Waldeyer's ring organs and seem to interact. This may be of medical importance in immunocompromised hosts who are likely to reactivate HHVs causing severe morbidity and death. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1147,1152, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Examination of mycosis fungoides for the presence of Epstein,Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6 by polymerase chain reactionJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 5 2001E Erkek Abstract Background The aetiology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains unknown despite numerous investigations. In recent years, retroviruses and human herpesviruses have been implicated to play a causal part in CTCL. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible aetiopathogenetic role of human herpesviruses (HHV) in mycosis fungoides (MF). Methods Polymerase chain reaction was used to study formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesional skin biopsies from 92 subjects with MF to evidence possible presence of Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) and HHV-6. Results Biopsy specimens from nine subjects (9.8%) evidenced EBV DNA, whereas all except one of the subjects (1.1%) lacked HHV-6 DNA. Conclusions Although these findings do not support a primary aetiological role for EBV and HHV-6 in classical CTCL, the possibility remains that both viruses, particularly EBV, may act as potential cofactors in the development of CTCL. [source] Mechanisms of expression of HHV8, EBV and HPV in selected HIV-associated oral lesionsORAL DISEASES, Issue 2002JJ Hille Opportunistic DNA viruses, particularly members of the herpesvirus family, are frequently the aetiological agents of HIV-associated oral lesions. Oral lesions common to the early phase of the AIDS epidemic, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), oral aphthous ulceration, AIDS-associated oral lymphoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), have been tested for the prevalence of Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). While EBV DNA is detected by PCR in all of these lesions, abundant viral replication can only be detected in OHL. In OHL, a novel state of EBV infection has been discovered with concurrent expression of replicative and transforming proteins, with all of these proteins contributing to the development of the lesion. Activation of signalling pathways and up-regulation of the viral receptor, proliferative and antiapoptotic genes by these proteins induce several of the histological features common to OHL, such as acanthosis and hyperproliferation. In contrast to other permissive herpesvirus infections, expression of EBV transforming proteins within the permissively infected OHL tissue enables epithelial cell survival and may enhance viral replication. Detection of KSHV in these HIV-infected individuals has been localized only to their saliva. Replicative and latent KSHV gene products have been detected in association with the development of oral KS lesions. EBV, but not human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), has been detected by PCR in minor salivary gland biopsies of HIV-associated salivary gland disease. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with oral warts in HIV-positive individuals; a diagnosis that appears to be increasing in frequency in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. To date, there appears to be little increase in the incidence of HPV-associated oral cancer. The mechanisms of interaction between HIV and HPV are not fully understood. Expression of viral gene products is clearly important and necessary for the development of multiple AIDS-associated oral lesions. [source] Epstein-Barr Virus in Head and Neck Cancer Assessed by Quantitative Polymerase Chain ReactionTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 6 2004David Goldenberg MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has classically been associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. Recently, multiple studies have been published linking EBV with oral squamous cell carcinoma and, to a lesser extent, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal tumors. Using a sensitive method of detection, the authors sought to analyze the presence and quantity of EBV DNA in a large cohort of head and neck cancers. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Three hundred head and neck cancer samples exclusive of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined for the presence of EBV using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-four tumor samples from the larynx, 30 from the hypopharynx, 73 from the oropharynx, and 113 from the oral cavity were analyzed for EBV quantity, which was expressed as the number of viral copies per cell genome. Representative samples, which contained the highest EBV DNA levels, were examined using in situ hybridization. Results were correlated with tumor grade and site and tobacco and alcohol exposure. Results: Three of 300 (1%) tumor samples were overtly positive for EBV DNA (defined as >0.1 copies of viral DNA/cell genome). Five of 300 (2%) tumor samples showed low levels (defined as >0.01 and <0.1 copies of viral DNA/cell genome), and 68 of 300 tumor samples (23%) showed trace levels (defined as < 0.01 copies of viral DNA/cell genome) of EBV DNA. No correlation was found between EBV positivity and tobacco exposure, alcohol exposure, or tumor grade. Conclusion: In the overwhelming majority of head and neck cancers in this North American cohort, EBV did not appear to contribute to growth of a dominant clonal population with integrated EBV genome and was unlikely to be a genetic etiological agent in tumor development. The low quantities of EBV detected in a minority of head and neck cancers may be related to the presence of EBV genome in rare lymphoid or epithelial cells adjacent to the primary head and neck cancer. [source] Epstein-Barr virus persistence and reactivation in myasthenia gravis thymusANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2010Paola Cavalcante PhD Objective Increasing evidence supports a link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous B-lymphotropic human herpesvirus, and common B-cell,related autoimmune diseases. We sought evidence of EBV infection in thymuses from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disease characterized by intrathymic B-cell activation. Methods Seventeen MG thymuses (6 follicular hyperplastic, 6 diffuse hyperplastic, 5 involuted) and 6 control thymuses were analyzed using in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs), immunohistochemistry for EBV latent and lytic proteins, and polymerase chain reaction for EBV DNA and mRNA. Results All 17 MG thymuses showed evidence of active EBV infection, whereas none of the control thymuses were infected. Cells expressing EBERs (12 of 17) and EBV latency proteins (EBNA2, LMP1, and LMP2A) (16 of 17) were detected in medullary infiltrates and in germinal centers. Cells expressing early (BFRF1, BMRF1) and late (p160, gp350/220) lytic phase EBV proteins were present in 16 MG thymuses. Latency (EBNA1, LMP2A) or lytic (BZLF1) transcripts (often both) were present in all MG thymuses, and EBV DNA (LMP1 gene) was detected in 13 MG thymuses. We also found CD8+ T cells, CD56 + CD3-natural killer cells, and BDCA-2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immune infiltrates of MG thymuses, but not germinal centers, suggesting an attempt of the immune system to counteract EBV infection. Interpretation Dysregulated EBV infection in the pathological thymus appears common in MG and may contribute to the immunological alterations initiating and/or perpetuating the disease. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:726,738 [source] Epstein-Barr virus promotes interferon-, production by plasmacytoid dendritic cellsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2010Timothy E. Quan Objective Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as demonstrated by the presence of increased seroprevalence and elevated viral loads, but the mechanism of this linkage has not been elucidated. Increased interferon-, (IFN,) levels and signatures, which are associated with innate immune responses, have been found in patients with SLE. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are innate immune cells that mediate viral immunity by producing large quantities of IFN,, but the role they play during infection with EBV remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the ability of EBV to promote IFN, production by PDCs in healthy subjects. Methods Human PDCs were sorted and cultured in the presence of EBV, EBV-encoded RNA, and EBV double-stranded DNA. IFN, production by PDCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with the activation of these cells measured by flow cytometry. Results We found that EBV DNA and RNA promoted IFN, production by human PDCs through engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) and TLR-7, respectively, with the initial viral recognition by PDCs mediated by binding to class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Conclusion These data demonstrate that class II MHC,specific engagement by virus, with subsequent viral nucleic acid recognition, mediates IFN, production by PDCs. Our results suggest that elevated levels of IFN, found in SLE patients may be a result of aberrantly controlled chronic viral infection. [source] Herpesviral DNA in brain tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsyACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2004O. Eeg-Olofsson Objectives , Presence of DNA from six herpesviruses were examined in brain tissue from patients operated for temporal lobe epilepsy. Material and methods , A total of 19 Canadian patients (I) with a median age of 22 years, 17 Swedish patients (II) with a median age of 14 years and a reference group comprising 12 individuals were studied. Presence of herpesviral DNA was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction. Results , Of three children with Rasmussen's encephalitis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA was found in two, and human herpesvirus type 6 DNA in two. In six children with ganglioglioma, Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) was detected in four. CMV DNA was found significantly more in group I compared with II, while the reverse occurred with EBV DNA. Malformations of cortical development were found significantly more in group II compared with I. Conclusion , Detection of DNA from some herpesviruses in epileptic brain tissue may possibly be associated with distinct clinical conditions, but factors such as age and malformations of cortical development should also be considered. [source] Associations of serum EBV DNA and gammopathy with post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseaseCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2009Anne Rosselet Abstract:, Background:, Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a life-threatening complication of immunosuppression following transplantation. Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) and gammopathy in serum are associated with PTLD, but these two parameters have not been evaluated in parallel for their association with PTLD. Methods:, We evaluated the incidence of EBV load positivity, gammopathy, and protein expression in sera from all PTLD patients diagnosed at our hospital during the past seven yr. Results were compared with those of a control group including matched transplanted patients who did not develop PTLD. Results:, Seven of 10 PTLD patients presented EBV+ PTLD, for which five patients had detectable serum EBV DNA levels compared with none of 38 controls (RR between two groups =121, p < 0.0001). Five out of 10 patients had gammopathy at PTLD diagnosis compared with 5/38 controls (RR between two groups = 6.6, p = 0.022). Additionally, protein serum analysis by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image examination failed to evidence specific abnormality in patients with PTLD compared with controls. Conclusions:, Our results confirm an association between EBV in sera and gammopathy with PTLD, and highlight the high specificity of the former analysis. Whether a combination of both analyses will improve the clinical detection of PTLD remains to be evaluated in a larger prospective cohort study. [source] Significance of detecting epstein-barr,specific sequences in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic pediatric liver transplant recipientsLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2000Nancy R. Krieger Pediatric allograft recipients are at increased risk for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated illnesses. The early identification and diagnosis of EBV-associated disorders is critical because disease progression can often be curtailed by modification of immunosuppression. We have previously shown that detection of EBV-specific sequences in the circulation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) correlated well with the clinical symptoms of EBV infection. The purpose of the current study is to determine the significance of detecting EBV-specific sequences by PCR in asymptomatic pediatric liver transplant recipients. Peripheral-blood DNA was analyzed for the EBV genes, coding from the nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) and the viral capsid antigen (gp220) by PCR. Samples from asymptomatic pediatric liver transplant recipients were analyzed from the immediate postoperative period and at 2- to 4-month intervals thereafter. We followed up 13 of these asymptomatic recipients who tested positive for EBV compared with 7 asymptomatic recipients who tested negative for EBV during the early posttransplantation period. Follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 4 years posttransplantation. Nine patients (69%) initially positive for EBV and asymptomatic ultimately developed symptoms of EBV infection, including fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, and/or hepatitis. Five of these patients (56%) went on to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder based on histological examination of biopsied tissue and immunohistochemical identification of the EBV antigen/DNA in tissue. This is the first report suggesting that detection of EBV-specific sequences in the absence of symptoms may herald impending EBV-associated disorders. Thus, routine monitoring for circulating EBV sequences in asymptomatic recipients may be useful in the early identification of those at risk for developing EBV-associated disease and its ultimate prevention. (Liver Transpl 2000;6:62-66.) [source] | |||||||||||||||||||