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Eastern European (eastern + european)
Terms modified by Eastern European Selected AbstractsWork models in the Central Eastern European car industry: towards the high road?INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Ulrich Jürgens ABSTRACT The integration of the Central Eastern European (CEE) countries into the European Union (EU) has provoked debates about the danger of a ,race to the bottom' in Europe caused by the low wages and weak labour regulation and labour standards in CEE. This article examines the evolution of work models in the CEE automotive industry. It argues that the work models in CEE did not take the low-road trajectory. Rather, a limited high-road model emerged in the 1990s, which combined skilled labour and secure employment for the core workforce with a broad margin of precarious employment, low wages and limited employee voice. In the context of labour shortages after the accession to the EU of the CEEs, companies faced recruitment problems and labour conflicts, which threatened to destabilise this model. The first reactions of firms pointed towards the strengthening of the high-road orientation, but the development remains unstable, not least of all because of the economic crisis beginning in 2009. [source] How important is employment protection legislation for Foreign Direct Investment flows in Central and Eastern European countries?1THE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 2 2009Markus Leibrecht Foreign Direct Investment; Central and Eastern Europe; labour market; employment protection Abstract In this article we investigate empirically the importance of labour market conditions and in particular the role of employment protection legislation as determinants of bilateral Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). We find that FDI flows are significantly higher in countries with relatively low unit labour costs. We also find that employment protection legislation does not exert a statistically significant impact on FDI flows. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that transition economies attract FDI via low production costs whereas indirect costs related to the rigidity of the labour market are less relevant. [source] Dimensions of quality upgradingTHE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 1 2005Evidence from CEECs Abstract The impact of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies' trade integration with European markets on CEE trade structures has been studied extensively. These studies frequently observe a quality upgrading of CEE exports. In this paper we consider three dimensions of quality upgrading: upgrading across industries, upgrading across different quality segments within industries and, finally, product upgrading within quality segments inside industries. For the analysis we partition industries into quality segments based on EU-15 import unit values. The results for ten CEE countries (comprising the CEE-5, the Baltics and South East Europe) and thirteen industries suggest fundamental differences, both across country groups and across the three different notions of quality upgrading. The CEE-5 show no evidence of entering a ,low-quality trap' in all three dimensions. By contrast, while there is a general catching-up process across industries and inside quality segments, the second notion of low-quality specialization may be applicable within the high-tech industries to the performance for the Baltics and South East Europe as a group. [source] Keratoprosthesis surgery: Eastern European and Russian devicesACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009ZF ZAGORSKI Purpose To present the development and current status of keratoprosthesis surgery in Eastern Europe. Methods Collection of data from coauthors and other surgeons involved in k-pro surgery. Results Large numbers of surgeries were performed in Filatov's Institute in Odessa (Ukraine), where over 1000 different types of devices developed by Puchkovskaya, Yakimienko and Golubenko were imlanted since 1966. The last model, s.c. "universal separable device" was implanted in over 750 with the best results (extrusion occured in about 2.5% cases). K-pro devices in Russia were mostly developed by S. Fyodorov Z. Moroz, V. Zuyev, ?. Krasnov, V. Volkov, R. Gundorova, N. Ushakov and V. Bedilo. Over 1500 surgeries sine 1969 resulted in the visual aquity improvement in 94% of cases. Haptics were made of titanium, stainless steel and also biocompatible materials (xenopericardium). In Poland about 100 surgeries were performed using mostly Russian and Ukrainian devices. The results were less favorable than in countries of origin. Small numbers were also implanted in other East European states. Conclusion In former Soviet Union keratoprosthesis surgery was well developed in selected centers (Moscow, Odessa). Surgeons in these places have gained extraordinary experience performing hundredes of surgeries. The results presented by the authors were excellent, however they were less favorable in the hands of surgeons from other countries. [source] Ethnic Communities and Ethnic Organizations Reconsidered: South-East Asians and Eastern Europeans in ChicagoINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 2 2002Lorraine Majka A major debate continues about whether immigrants receive benefits by virtue of their attachment to ethnic communities and ethnic organizations. On one side of the controversy, a large body of literature suggests that the ethnic community, which often contains resources that promote immigrants' adaptation and assimilation, actually hinders adaptation because the resources of mainstream institutions are less accessible to immigrants (often because they are also minorities). On the opposite side of the argument, critics contend that the ethnic solidarity school emphasizes the positive effects of ethnic communities and ethnic organizations on immigrant populations, while ignoring many of the negative consequences of migrants' involvement in ethnic groups and ethnic institutions. The purpose of this article is to reconsider whether ethnic communities and ethnic institutions facilitate immigrants' socio-economic adaptation. Specifically, the study analyses the impact of ethnic organizations on public assistance utilization among South-East Asian and Eastern European refugees in the Chicago metropolitan area in the late 1980s. The paper proceeds in five stages. As a background to the overall study, the literature on ethnic communities and ethnic organizations is reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the development of mutual assistance associations (MAAs) in the US. Third is a concise description of the data and methods. Fourth is a presentation of the results. The article concludes with an assessment of the implications of the findings and suggestions for future research. [source] TEMPORAL PATTERN OF AFRICANIZATION IN A FERAL HONEYBEE POPULATION FROM TEXAS INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNAEVOLUTION, Issue 5 2004M. Alice Pinto Abstract The invasion of Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Americas provides a window of opportunity to study the dynamics of secondary contact of subspecies of bees that evolved in allopatry in ecologically distinctive habitats of the Old World. We report here the results of an 11-year mitochondrial DNA survey of a feral honeybee population from southern United States (Texas). The mitochondrial haplotype (mitotype) frequencies changed radically during the 11-year study period. Prior to immigration of Africanized honeybees, the resident population was essentially of eastern and western European maternal ancestry. Three years after detection of the first Africanized swarm there was a mitotype turnover in the population from predominantly eastern European to predominantly A. m. scutellata (ancestor of Africanized honeybees). This remarkable change in the mitotype composition coincided with arrival of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, which was likely responsible for severe losses experienced by colonies of European ancestry. From 1997 onward the population stabilized with most colonies of A. m. scutellata maternal origin. [source] | ||||||||||