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Eutectic Mixture (eutectic + mixture)
Selected AbstractsA Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Two Topical Anesthesic Formulations Prior to Electrodesiccation of Dermatosis Papulosa NigraDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2006ERIC L. CARTER MD BACKGROUND Liposomal lidocaine 4% (L.M.X.4 cream, Ferndale Laboratories Inc., Ferndale, MI, USA) has been proposed as a more rapidly acting topical anesthetic than the eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% (EMLA cream, AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE, USA) for venipuncture and laser procedures. However, their anesthetic efficacy has not been previously compared for electrosurgical destruction of superficial skin lesions. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that L.M.X.4 and EMLA differ in anesthetic efficacy when applied under occlusion for 30 minutes prior to electrodesiccation of papules of dermatosis papulosa nigra. METHODS Forty adults were randomly assigned to treatment with either agent for 30 minutes under Tegaderm. The study drug was administered for an additional 30 minutes if the electrodesiccation of the first few papules was too painful. RESULTS One subject treated with EMLA versus none treated with L.M.X.4 experienced complete anesthesia after a single 30-minute application. Nineteen of 20 (95%) subjects treated with EMLA versus 18 of 20 (90%) subjects treated with L.M.X.4 required only a single application (p=.49). Pain scores after the initial 30-minute application (scale: 0=none to 10=very severe) were EMLA 3.3±2.2 (mean±SD) versus L.M.X. 4 2.9±2.0 (p=.46). CONCLUSION EMLA and L.M.X.4 provide comparable levels of anesthesia after a single 30-minute application under occlusion prior to electrodesiccation of superficial skin lesions. [source] Numerical simulation of high-temperature phase change heat storage systemHEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 1 2004Yu-Ming Xing Abstract In this paper, numerical results pertaining to cyclic melting and freezing of an encapsulated phase-change material (PCM) have been reported. The cyclic nature of the present problem is relevant to latent heat thermal energy storage system used to power solar Brayton engines in space. In particular, a physical and numerical model of the single-tube phase change heat storage system was developed. A high-temperature eutectic mixture of LiF-CaF2 was used as the PCM and dry air was used as the working fluid. Numerical results were compared with available experimental data. The trends were in close agreement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(1): 32,41, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10132 [source] PLGA nanospheres for the ocular delivery of flurbiprofen: Drug release and interactionsJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 12 2008E. Vega Abstract Poly(D,L -lactide- co -glycolide) nanospheres incorporating flurbiprofen were prepared by the solvent displacement technique for purposes of assessing (i) drug,polymer physicochemical interactions, (ii) flurbiprofen release from the polymer matrix and (iii) eye permeation of the drug formulated in the colloidal system. The resulting nanospheres were on average 200,300 nm in size and bore a negative charge (,-potential around ,25 mV). They were shown by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to be spherical and regular in shape. Thermal methods, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the drug was dispersed inside the particles. These tests evidenced an eutectic mixture meaning more widespread dispersion of the drug in the polymer system. Entrapped flurbiprofen was released in vitro from the polymer system by dissolution and diffusion in high drug loaded nanospheres, whereas those with a lesser load showed only diffusion. The ex vivo corneal permeation study showed that flurbiprofen-loaded nanospheres enhanced drug penetration by about twofold over commercial eye drops containing poly(vinyl alcohol) and by about fourfold over flurbiprofen in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. The corneal hydration level of each cornea was determined to evaluate potential corneal damage. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 97:5306,5317, 2008 [source] The influences of macrosegregation, intermetallic particles, and dendritic spacing on the electrochemical behavior of hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloysMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 11 2007Wislei R. Osório Abstract The purpose of this research is (1) to investigate the influence of Al2Cu intermetallic particles associated with the dendritic arm spacing on the corrosion resistance of different hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloys and (2) to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloy directionally solidified under unsteady-state heat flow. The as-cast samples were produced using vacuum arc remelting and vertical upward water-cooled solidification. Microscopic examinations were carried out with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersiveX-ray analyses. To evaluate the surface corrosion behavior of such alloys, all corrosion tests were performed in a 0.5-M NaCl solution at 25°C using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique and potentiodynamic polarization curve analysis. Based on the tests, corrosion rate and impedance parameters were obtained. The present research has underlined the use of appropriate techniques of characterization for determining Al2Cu distribution, morphology, and fraction within the typical microstructures of Al-Cu alloys. The experimental results have established correlations between the Al-rich phase dendritic arm size, the intermetallic particles distribution in the eutectic mixture, the macrosegregation profile, and the resulting corrosion resistance. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The efficacy of a range of contact media as coupling agents in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsyBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2001J.J. Cartledge Objective To determine if the nature of the coupling agent normally used between the lithotripter and the patient affects the stone fragmentation rate during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Materials and methods A jig designed to hold ,phantom' 10-mm stones at the focal point was fixed against the shock wave delivery point of an electromagnetic lithotripter (Dornier Compact, Germany). A layer of either petroleum jelly (VaselineÔ, Cheeseborough-Ponds Ltd, London, UK) ultrasonography jelly, a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic (EMLA) cream, Instillagel (Farco-Pharma, Cologne, Germany) or a commercial water-soluble lubricating jelly was placed between the jig and shockwave head, and the number of shock waves required to fragment the stones was recorded. Results Significantly more shock waves were required to fragment stones when petroleum jelly was used as the coupling agent than with all the other agents under test, whereas significantly fewer shock waves were required when using Instillagel or lubricating jelly than for all other agents. Conclusion The coupling agent used in water-free lithotripsy can affect the stone fragmentation rate and should not be considered inert. Ultrasonography jelly is probably the optimum agent available for use as a lithotripsy coupling agent. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of a New Series of Layered Tantalates LnKNaTaO5 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd).CHEMINFORM, Issue 34 2010Irina P. Roof Abstract Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared from mixtures of Ln2O3 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd), Ta2O5, and a eutectic mixture of KOH and NaOH (Ag tube, 600 °C, 12 h). [source] | |||||||||||||