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Eosinophil Granulocytes (eosinophil + granulocyte)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences83%

Selected Abstracts

A new paradigm of eosinophil granulocytes: neuroimmune interactions

EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2008
Ulrike Raap
Abstract:, Eosinophil granulocytes have long been regarded as potent effector cells with the potential to release an array of inflammatory mediators involved in cytotoxicity to helminths and tissue destruction in chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, it has become evident that eosinophils are also involved in regulatory mechanisms modulating local tissue immune responses. Eosinophils take part in remodelling and repair mechanisms and contribute to the localized innate and acquired immune response as well as systemic adaptive immunity. In addition, eosinophils are involved in neuroimmune interactions modulating the functional activity of peripheral nerves. Neuromediators can also modulate the functional activity of eosinophils, revealing bidirectional interactions between the two cell types. Eosinophils are tissue-resident cells and have been found in close vicinity of peripheral nerves. This review describes neuroimmune interactions between eosinophil granulocytes and peripheral nerves and highlights why eosinophils are important in allergic diseases such as asthma. [source]

The haematology of gynogenic tench, Tinca tinca L., and of recessively homozygous colour tench strains

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
M. Flaj
Summary Two wild-coloured strains of tench (the first meiotic gynogenic generation MeiG1, and their control diploid half siblings) and three recessively homozygous colour strains (golden, blue and alampic) were examined for the determination of basic haematological indices. The MeiG1 strain had higher erythrocyte counts than diploid controls or the blue and alampic strains (P < 0.001), and had a higher blood haemoglobin content than all three colour strains (P < 0.001). No differences were detected among strains for haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, or mean corpuscular volume. Both the lowest leucocyte count (P < 0.001) and leucocrit value (P < 0.001) were found in the alampic tench, and may result from a negative pleiotropic effect of this recessive homozygous genotype (bbgg). In agreement with previous findings in tench, the differential leucocyte count revealed lymphocytes to be the dominating white blood cells; their rate was about 90% in both the wild-coloured and blue strains, and less in the other two strains (83,84%). Neutrophil granulocytes were most abundant in the MeiG1 strain. Eosinophil granulocytes were detected only in the golden strain, and were not common (0.2%). [source]

A new paradigm of eosinophil granulocytes: neuroimmune interactions

EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2008
Ulrike Raap
Abstract:, Eosinophil granulocytes have long been regarded as potent effector cells with the potential to release an array of inflammatory mediators involved in cytotoxicity to helminths and tissue destruction in chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, it has become evident that eosinophils are also involved in regulatory mechanisms modulating local tissue immune responses. Eosinophils take part in remodelling and repair mechanisms and contribute to the localized innate and acquired immune response as well as systemic adaptive immunity. In addition, eosinophils are involved in neuroimmune interactions modulating the functional activity of peripheral nerves. Neuromediators can also modulate the functional activity of eosinophils, revealing bidirectional interactions between the two cell types. Eosinophils are tissue-resident cells and have been found in close vicinity of peripheral nerves. This review describes neuroimmune interactions between eosinophil granulocytes and peripheral nerves and highlights why eosinophils are important in allergic diseases such as asthma. [source]

Cytokine-regulated accumulation of eosinophils in inflammatory disease

ALLERGY, Issue 8 2004
M. Lampinen
The role of cytokines in the accumulation of eosinophil granulocytes in inflamed tissue has been studied extensively during recent years, and these molecules have been found to participate throughout the whole process of eosinophil recruitment. Haematopoietic cytokines such as IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils in the bone marrow, and the release of mature eosinophils from the bone marrow into the blood is probably promoted by IL-5. Priming of eosinophils in the blood following, for example, allergen challenge is performed mainly by IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF. An important step in the extravasation of eosinophils is their adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Adhesion molecules are upregulated by, e.g. IL-1, IL-4, TNF- , and IFN- , and the same cytokines may also increase the affinity of adhesion molecules both on eosinophils and endothelial cells. Finally, a number of cytokines have been shown to act as eosinophil chemotactic factors, attracting the cells to the inflammatory focus in the tissue. Some of the most important eosinophil chemoattractant cytokines are IL-5, IL-8, RANTES, eotaxin, eotaxin-2, eotaxin-3, MCP-3, MCP-4 and TNF- ,. Th2 cells, mast cells and epithelial cells are important sources of proinflammatory cytokines, but in recent years, the eosinophils have also been recognized as cytokine-producing and thereby immunoregulatory cells. The aim of this paper is to review the role of cytokines in the process of eosinophil recruitment in asthma, allergy and ulcerative colitis. [source]

Infiltrating cells, related cytokines and chemokine receptors in lesional skin of patients with dermatomyositis

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2004
M. Caproni
Summary Background, There have been only two reports on immunophenotypic characterization in the cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis (DM) that emphasize the importance of the infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes. Objectives, To characterize the immunophenotype of the cells that infiltrate the lesional skin of DM and to evaluate the possible T-helper (Th) polarization Th1/Th2 through detection of specific cytokines, chemokine receptors and markers of cellular activation. Methods, Skin biopsy specimens derived from pathognomonic lesions (Gottron's papules and Gottron's sign) of eight patients with DM were immunostained with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein, tryptase, CD40, CD40 ligand (CD40L), HLA-DR, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-,, tumour necrosis factor-,, receptor 3 for CXC chemokines (CXCR3) and receptor 3 for CC chemokines, using the alkaline phosphatase,antialkaline phosphatase method. Control specimens were obtained from five healthy subjects and from six patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Results, Activated CD4+ Th lymphocytes (HLA-DR+ CD40L+) were the principal infiltrating cells in the lesional skin of DM; the CD4/CD8 ratio was approximately 2·5. A mixed Th1/Th2 profile and higher Th1 cytokine production together with significant staining for CXCR3 were detected. Neutrophil granulocytes were the second most abundant population; eosinophil granulocytes were very poorly represented. Conclusions, Activated CD4+ T cells presumably mediate the main pathogenetic mechanisms in pathognomonic skin lesions. The interaction between CD40 and CD40L could be an important mechanism of cellular activation in cutaneous immune-mediated inflammation by induction of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Neither Th1 nor Th2 clear polarization was found, although there was a slight Th1 prevalence. There was a significant quantity of MPO+ cells (neutrophil granulocytes) in the inflamed tissue, and they might have a role in sustaining the chronic inflammation. [source]