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EEG Study (eeg + study)
Selected AbstractsAdding Video Recording Increases the Diagnostic Yield of Routine Electroencephalograms in Children with Frequent Paroxysmal EventsEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2005Nathan Watemberg Summary:,Purpose: To report on the usefulness of adding video recording to routine EEG studies of infants and children with frequent paroxysmal events. Methods: We analyzed the efficacy of this diagnostic means during a 4-year period. The decision whether to add video recording was made by the pediatric EEG interpreter at the time of the study. Studies were planned to last between 20 and 30 min, and, if needed, were extended by the EEG interpreter. For most studies, video recording was added from the beginning of EEG recording. In a minority of cases, the addition of video was implemented during the first part of the EEG test, as clinical events became obvious. In these cases, a new study (file) was begun. The success rate was analyzed according to the indications for the EEG study: paroxysmal eye movements, tremor, suspected seizures, myoclonus, staring episodes, suspected stereotypias and tics, absence epilepsy follow-up, cyanotic episodes, and suspected psychogenic nonepileptic events. Results: Video recording was added to 137 of 666 routine studies. Mean patient age was 4.8 years. The nature of the event was determined in 61 (45%) of the EEG studies. Twenty-eight percent were hospitalized patients. The average study duration was 26 min. This diagnostic means was particularly useful for paroxysmal eye movements, staring spells, myoclonic jerks, stereotypias, and psychogenic nonepileptic events. About 46% of 116 patients for whom cognitive data were available were mentally retarded. EEG with added video recording was successfully performed in all 116 cases and provided useful information in 29 (55%) of these 53 patients. Conclusions: Adding video recording to routine EEG was helpful in 45% of cases referred for frequent paroxysmal events. This technique proved useful for hospitalized children as well as for outpatients. Moreover, it was successfully applied in cognitively impaired patients. Infants and children with paroxysmal eye movements, staring spells, myoclonic jerks, stereotypias, and pseudoseizures especially benefited from this diagnostic means. Because of its low cost and the little discomfort imposed on the patient and his or her family, this technique should be considered as a first diagnostic step in children with frequent paroxysmal events. [source] The strength of anticipatory spatial biasing predicts target discrimination at attended locations: a high-density EEG studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 11 2009Simon P. Kelly Abstract Cueing relevant spatial locations in advance of a visual target results in modulated processing of that target as a consequence of anticipatory attentional deployment, the neural signatures of which remain to be fully elucidated. A set of electrophysiological processes has been established as candidate markers of the invocation and maintenance of attentional bias in humans. These include spatially-selective event-related potential (ERP) components over the lateral parietal (around 200,300 ms post-cue), frontal (300,500 ms) and ventral visual (> 500 ms) cortex, as well as oscillatory amplitude changes in the alpha band (8,14 Hz). Here, we interrogated the roles played by these anticipatory processes in attentional orienting by testing for links with subsequent behavioral performance. We found that both target discriminability (d') and reaction times were significantly predicted on a trial-by-trial basis by lateralization of alpha-band amplitude in the 500 ms preceding the target, with improved speed and accuracy resulting from a greater relative decrease in alpha over the contralateral visual cortex. Reaction time was also predicted by a late posterior contralateral positivity in the broad-band ERP in the same time period, but this did not influence d'. In a further analysis we sought to identify the control signals involved in generating the anticipatory bias, by testing earlier broad-band ERP amplitude for covariation with alpha lateralization. We found that stronger alpha biasing was associated with a greater bilateral frontal positivity at ,390 ms but not with differential amplitude across hemispheres in any time period. Thus, during the establishment of an anticipatory spatial bias, while the expected target location is strongly encoded in lateralized activity in parietal and frontal areas, a distinct non-spatial control process seems to regulate the strength of the bias. [source] Daytime sleepiness during Ramadan intermittent fasting: polysomnographic and quantitative waking EEG studyJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 2 2003Rachida Roky Summary During the lunar month of Ramadan, Muslims abstain from eating, drinking and smoking from sunrise to sunset. We reported previously that Ramadan provokes a shortening in nocturnal total sleep time by 40 min, an increase in sleep latency, and a decrease in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration during Ramadan. During the same study, the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on daytime sleepiness were also investigated in eight healthy young male subjects using a quantitative waking electroencephalograph (EEG) analysis following the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) procedure. This procedure was combined with subjective alertness and mood ratings and was conducted during four successive experimental sessions: (1) baseline (BL) 15 days before Ramadan, (2) beginning of Ramadan (R11) on the 11th day of Ramadan, (3) end of Ramadan (R25) on the 25th day of Ramadan, (4) recovery 2 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During each session, four 20-min nap opportunities (MSLTs) were given at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00 h and were preceded by rectal temperature readings. Nocturnal sleep was recorded before each daytime session. Subjective daytime alertness did not change in R25 but decreased in R11 at 12:00 h, and subjective mood decreased at 16:00 h, both in R11 and R25. During the MSLT, mean sleep latency decreased by an average of 2 min in R11 (especially at 10:00 and 16:00 h) and 6 min in R25 (especially at 10:00 and 12:00 h) compared with BL. There was an increase in the daily mean of waking EEG absolute power in the theta (5.5,8.5 Hz) frequency band. Significant correlations were found between sleep latency during the MSLT and the waking EEG absolute power of the fast alpha (10.5,12.5 Hz), sigma (11.5,15.5 Hz) and beta (12.5,30 Hz) frequency bands. Sleep latency was also related to rectal temperature. In conclusion, Ramadan diurnal fasting induced an increase in subjective and objective daytime sleepiness associated with changes in diurnal rectal temperature. [source] Etiologic yield of autistic spectrum disorders: A prospective studyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 1 2006Agatino Battaglia Abstract Studies addressing etiologic yield in childhood developmental disabilities have mainly looked at individuals with developmental delay/mental retardation. The few studies addressing the question of etiologic yield in patients with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) had a major drawback, in that the enrolled subjects were diagnosed as having the autistic spectrum disorders based only on history and clinical examination, and/or on unspecified instruments. In addition, only some of these patients underwent a complete laboratory evaluation. To investigate the etiologic yield of PDDs, we undertook a large prospective study on subjects selected according to very strict criteria and diagnosed as having PDD based on the present "gold standard" (ADI-R and ADOS-G), and a clinical diagnosis made by a child psychiatrist. Eighty-five (85) patients with PDD and their first degree relatives participated in this study. These patients were selected from a sample of 236 subjects who had received a clinical diagnosis of PDD at the Stella Maris Institute between March 2002 and 2005. Selection criteria for entering the study were: (1) a diagnosis of PDD (with exclusion of the Rett syndrome) confirmed after the administration of the ADI-R (autism diagnostic interview-revised) and the ADOS-G (autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic). In addition, a clinical diagnosis was made by the child psychiatrist, on the basis of presence or absence of DSM-IV symptoms of autism; (2) chronological age between 4 and 18 years; (3) IQ>30; (4) availability of both biologic parents. Patients, 65/85 (76.5%), had autism, 18/85 (21.2%) had PDD-NOS, and the remaining 2/85 (2.3%) had Asperger syndrome. Ages varied between 4 years 2 months and 12 years 5 months (mean 7.6 years), and there was a marked male preponderance (68/85). All subjects underwent various laboratory studies and neuroimaging. With respect to possible etiologic determination, a detailed history and physical examination in this group of patients with PDD was informative in 10.5% (9/85). HRB karyotype was diagnostic in one, and molecular fragile X studies in one child. Brain MRI was informative in two children (2.3%) with relative macrocrania but no neurological features; and EEG was helpful in one child, identifying a Landau,Kleffner disorder. Audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) showed a bilateral sensorineural loss in another child. Metabolic evaluation gave normal results in all subjects. The results suggest an evaluation paradigm with reference to etiologic determination for individuals with PDDs that does not presently justify metabolic or neuroimaging on a screening basis. Recurrence risk, treatment implications, and significant and long-lasting emotional relief for the parents suggest that serious consideration be given to clinical genetic examination, genetic testing, EEG study (during wakefulness and sleep), and audiometry, despite a relatively low yield. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Attenuated asymmetry of functional connectivity in schizophrenia: A high-resolution EEG studyPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Mahdi Jalili Abstract The interhemispheric asymmetries that originate from connectivity-related structuring of the cortex are compromised in schizophrenia (SZ). Under the assumption that such abnormalities affect functional connectivity, we analyzed its correlate,EEG synchronization,in SZ patients and matched controls. We applied multivariate synchronization measures based on Laplacian EEG and tuned to various spatial scales. Compared to the controls who had rightward asymmetry at a local level (EEG power), rightward anterior and leftward posterior asymmetries at an intraregional level (1st and 2nd order S-estimator), and rightward global asymmetry (hemispheric S-estimator), SZ patients showed generally attenuated asymmetry, the effect being strongest for intraregional synchronization in the alpha and beta bands. The abnormalities of asymmetry increased with the duration of the disease and correlated with the negative symptoms. We discuss the tentative links between these findings and gross anatomical asymmetries, including the cerebral torque and gyrification pattern, in normal subjects and SZ patients. [source] Presence of both parents during consent process in non-therapeutic neonatal research increases positive responseACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2010Irina Korotchikova Abstract Aim:, To investigate factors that influenced parental consent/non-consent in a non-therapeutic electroencephalogram (EEG) study in healthy newborns. Methods:, Parents of healthy newborns were approached to participate in a neonatal EEG study within 36 h of birth. The rationale and risks/benefits of the study were explained. Any concerns were discussed, and detailed information about the EEG study was provided in the consent form. In the case of refusing/withdrawing consent, an informal interview was used to investigate the reasons, which were subsequently analysed and grouped according to the four principles of the consent process. Results:, A total of 123 parents were included in the study. Parental consent was obtained in 72/123 (59%) cases, 10/123 (8%) parents subsequently withdrew their consent and 41/123 (33%) parents refused to participate in the study. Consent was more likely if both parents were present (p < 0.0001). When the mothers were approached alone, obtaining consent was significantly more difficult within the first 6 hours of delivery, compared to a later approach (37% vs. 67% respectively; p = 0.009). Refusals were classified into issues of voluntariness (7%), informed choice (10%), understanding (54%) and competence (29%). Conclusion:, Parents of healthy newborns demonstrated a positive attitude towards non-therapeutic neonatal research with maximal consent occurring when both parents were present. Parental perception of harm was the main reason for declining consent. [source] |