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EEG Features (eeg + feature)
Selected AbstractsPanayiotopoulos Syndrome: An Important Electroclinical Example of Benign Childhood System EpilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 6 2007Michael Koutroumanidis Summary:, As a result of the converging evidence from multiple large independent studies, Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is now formally recognized as a distinct clinical entity within the spectrum of benign focal epilepsies of childhood. Clinically, PS is manifested by predominantly autonomic seizures and electrographically with multifocal interictal spikes, while the few published ictal recordings have documented onsets of variable lobar topography. These typical electroclinical features do not allow straightforward assignment to a distinctive cortical area, rendering the term "focal",as we currently understand it,problematic. This is a critical review of the clinical and EEG features of PS, focusing on those characteristics that may shed some light on its so far elusive pathophysiology. We also explore its electroclinical similarities to other idiopathic "focal" epilepsies and its differences to symptomatic focal epilepsies that may also manifest with autonomic ictal symptoms and signs. This methodology allows the formation of a rational hypothesis on the pathophysiology of PS that seems to be emerging as a good model for the so-called "system" (nonsymptomatic) epilepsies, with potentially important taxonomic implications. [source] Focal Semiologic and Electroencephalographic Features in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic EpilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 10 2005Naotaka Usui Summary:,Purpose: A few reports have described focal electroencephalographic or clinical features or both of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), but without video-EEG documentation. We examined focal clinical and EEG features in patients with JME who underwent video-EEG monitoring. Methods: Twenty-six patients (nine males and 17 females) who had seizures recorded during video-EEG monitoring were included. Age at seizure onset was 0 to 22 years (mean, 12.3 years), and age at monitoring was 12 to 44 years (mean, 26.5 years). In one patient with left parietooccipital epilepsy, primary generalized tonic,clonic seizures developed after resection of the parietal tumor. Two patients had both temporal lobe epilepsy and JME. Videotaped seizures in each patient were analyzed. Interictal and ictal EEG also were analyzed for any focal features. Results: Focal semiologic features were observed in 12 (46%) of 26 patients. Six patients had focal myoclonic seizures, and two had Figure 4 sign: one with version to the left, and another had left version followed by Figure 4 sign, and left arm clonic seizure. Their ictal EEGs were generalized at onset but with a lateralized evolution over the right hemisphere. The patient who had both JME and left parietooccipital epilepsy, right arm clonic seizure, and Figure 4 sign was seen during a generalized EEG seizure. Interictally, one patient had temporal sharp waves, and another had run of spikes in the right frontal region. Conclusions: Fourteen (54%) of 26 patients with JME exhibited focal semiologic or electroencephalographic features or both. Video-EEG was essential in reaching a correct diagnosis and choosing an appropriate antiepileptic drug regimen. [source] Visual Function in Infants with West Syndrome: Correlation with EEG PatternsEPILEPSIA, Issue 7 2004Teresa Ranḍ Summary:,Purpose: Several studies have reported behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of visual impairment during the active stage of West syndrome. The underlying mechanisms are, however, poorly understood, and little has been reported about the correlation between visual impairment, EEG patterns, and brain lesions. The aim of the study was to assess visual function at the onset of spasm and 2 months thereafter and relate visual findings to brain lesions and EEG features. Methods: Twenty-five infants with West syndrome were enrolled and studied with (a) a full clinical assessment including a battery of tests specifically designed to assess visual function, (b) a video-polygraphic study, and (c) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Besides brain neuroimaging and EEG comparison with visual function, an intra-EEG analysis was performed to investigate the possible relation of EEG patterns to fluctuating visual behavior (fixation and following). Results: Twenty-two children had at least one abnormal result on one or more of the tests assessing visual function at T0. Visual impairment at the spasm onset was related to the sleep disorganization rather than to the hypsarrhythmic pattern in awake EEG. After 2 months, both EEG features become significantly linked to visual function. Visual function improved in several cases after 2 months, in parallel with the seizure regression. No relation was found between EEG patterns and fluctuating visual behavior. Conclusions: The study supplies new evidence of the involvement of visual function in West syndrome. The presence of abnormal visual findings in infants without lesions on brain MRI suggests that visual abnormalities are due not only to brain injury but also to epileptic disorder per se. New insight is also provided into the possible mechanisms underlying clinical and EEG abnormalities. [source] A Study of 43 Patients with Panayiotopoulos Syndrome, a Common and Benign Childhood Seizure SusceptibilityEPILEPSIA, Issue 1 2003Christina Lada Summary: ,Purpose: To determine prevalence, clinical, EEG features, and prognosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome and to examine the proposition that clinical manifestations are more important than EEG findings. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the clinical and EEG records of 1,340 children with one or more focal seizures seen in the last 18 years, supplemented with a prospective study from 1998. Panayiotopoulos syndrome was defined by clinical criteria, mainly ictal emesis, irrespective of EEG findings. Results: We analyzed 43 of 90 patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome who were seizure free >2 years. Girls predominated. Mean age at first seizure was 5 years. Seizures consisted mainly of autonomic manifestations; ictal emesis was often the first symptom, culminating in vomiting in 86%. Of nonautonomic manifestations, lateral eye deviation was the most common; visual symptoms were exceptional. Impairment of consciousness ensued in all seizures, half of which ended with hemi or generalized convulsions. Nearly 46.5% of cases had at least one seizure >30 min, constituting autonomic status epilepticus. Seizures during sleep (84%) were more common than those in wakefulness. EEG showed occipital spikes in 29 patients. Of the other 14 cases, five had extraoccipital abnormalities or brief generalized discharges, and nine had normal awake and sleep EEG. Prognosis was excellent. All 43 children have been free of seizures for ,2 years, 53% having a single seizure, and 47%, an average two to three seizures. Conclusions: Panayiotopoulos syndrome is common and needs wider recognition. EEG shows occipital or extraoccipital abnormalities, is normal in one third of patients, and does not determine clinical manifestations or prognosis, which is excellent despite the high prevalence of lengthy seizures. [source] Prognostic Implication of Contralateral Secondary Electrographic Seizures in Temporal Lobe EpilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 11 2000Ki Hyeong Lee Summary: Purpose: Interhemispheric propagation of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy is frequently noted during intracranial EEG monitoring. We hypothesized that a distinct secondary electrographic seizure (DSES) in the temporal lobe contralateral to primary seizure onset may be an unfavorable prognostic indicator. Methods: We reviewed intracranial depth electrode EEG recordings, 1-year outcome, and medical records of 51 patients (M 29, F 22: age 15,64 years) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy during 1988,96. We defined DSES as a seizure that spread to the contralateral temporal lobe and produced distinct contralateral EEG features. The distinct feature was focal involvement of one or two electrode contacts at onset, which starts and evolves independently from the ipsilateral temporal lobe. We considered DSES as the predominant seizure pattern when it occurred in more than one half of the patients' recorded seizures. Results: Only nine of 19 (47%) patients with predominant DSES had a 1-year seizure-free outcome, whereas 27 of 32 (84%) patients without predominant DSES had a 1-year seizure-free outcome (p <0.01). Bitemporal independent seizures were more common in patients with predominant DSES (9/19 versus 0/32; p <0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that distinct contralateral secondary electrographic seizure is a predictor of unfavorable outcome and is also more likely to be associated with bitemporal seizures. [source] Focal clinical and electroencephalographic features in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsyACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010S. S. Jayalakshmi Jayalakshmi SS, Srinivasa Rao B, Sailaja S. Focal clinical and electroencephalographic features in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 115,123. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objective,,, To identify prevalence and factors associated with occurrence of focal clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Materials and methods,,, Clinical asymmetries in the seizures and focal EEG abnormalities were analyzed in 266 patients with JME. Results,,, All the patients had myoclonic jerks (MJ) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS); 56 (21%) had absence seizures. Asymmetry in clinical seizures was reported in 45 (16.9%) and focal EEG abnormalities were noted in 92 (45.5%) patients. Amplitude asymmetry or focal onset of generalized discharges was noted in 41 (44.6%) and independent focal EEG abnormalities in 30 (32.6%) patients. A statistically significant association was seen with the presence of GTCS and MJ (P = 0.007), a family history of epilepsy (P = 0.001) and drug resistance (P = 0.04) and the occurrence of focal EEG abnormalities. Conclusion,,, Patients with JME showed focal clinical and EEG features. These features should not be misinterpreted as indicative of partial epilepsy. [source] Effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in a broad range of seizure types and EEG features for severe childhood epilepsiesACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2010S. Beniczky Background,,, Ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy: more than half of the patients show a greater than 50% reduction in seizures. Objective,,, To identify clinical or electroencephalogram (EEG) variables predicting the response to KD. Methods,,, Clinical and EEG data were retrospectively analysed from 50 consecutive patients treated by KD for severe, pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Most of the patients (70%) had retarded mental and motor development. Results,,, Three months after the start of the KD two-thirds (33) of the patients were responders (had a more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency). The presence of epileptiform EEG discharges in the temporal region correlated with an unfavourable response (P = 0.03). The presence of bilateral synchronous epileptiform discharges, and the presence of complex partial seizures approached significance but all other variables did not. Conclusions,,, Our results further support that KD is efficient in a wide variety of epileptic patients with a broad range of EEG features. However, patients with epileptiform discharges in the temporal region are less likely to achieve therapeutic response. [source] | ||||||||||