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E Gene (e + gene)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences50%
Medical Sciences30%

Terms modified by E Gene

  • e gene polymorphism
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    Selected Abstracts

    Regulation of human and mouse procathepsin E gene expression

    FEBS JOURNAL, Issue 9 2001
    Matthew Cook
    Cathepsin E is an intracellular aspartic proteinase that is considered to have a number of physiological roles including antigen processing. Quantitation of procathepsin E mRNA by LightCyclerÔ technology indicated that the gene was transcribed in lung but not in kidney of both human and mouse origin. In contrast, the transcript was present in mouse spleen and alveolar macrophages but not in the counterpart tissue/cells from humans. Regulation of human and mouse procathepsin E gene expression was shown not to be influenced by the extent of CpG methylation but depended on the recognition of potential binding motifs in each promoter region by transcription factors such as GATA1, PU1 and YY1, as revealed by functional analysis using a series of promoter/luciferase reporter gene fusion constructs. Thus the extent to which the procathepsin E gene is expressed in a particular cell type may depend on the balance between the effects produced by positive-acting, cell-specific transcription factors such as GATA1 and PU1 and the negative influence of the ubiquitous YY1 factor. In this way, the relative abundance and influence of general and cell-specific transcription factors can govern the production of cathepsin E and thereby account for the sporadic cell and tissue distribution of this enzyme in different species. [source]

    Bacterial cell death induced by human pro-apoptotic Bax is blocked by an RNase E mutant that functions in an anti-oxidant pathway

    GENES TO CELLS, Issue 3 2000
    Rika Nanbu-Wakao
    Background Bax is a member of the Bcl-2 family and induces apoptosis of mammalian cells. We have shown that a trace amount of human Bax induces the cell death of Escherichia coli, accompanied by damage to DNA, and that the region of Bax which is lethal to E. coli is also responsible for apoptosis-inducing activity in the mammalian cells. Results We isolated a Bax-resistant mutant from E. coli cells that survive in the presence of paraquat, a generator of superoxide, by screening a library constructed from the random insertion of a transposon. Psb1 (paraquat-resistant, suppressor of Bax-1) mutant had a Tn 10 transposon inserted in the rne gene of E. coli, splitting the RNase E gene (rne) into N- and C-terminal halves. The introduction of the truncated 5, end of rne specifically enhanced resistance to paraquat, prevented cell death induced by Bax and decreased the intracellular H2O2 concentration. The region responsible for the paraquat- and Bax-resistance was not the catalytic site for the endoribonuclease activity of RNase E. Conclusions The N-terminal region of the RNase E protein inhibits bacterial death induced by human Bax as well as paraquat through a unique mechanism that is distinct from RNA digestion. This study implies that the protection of bacterial death induced by Bax is associated with an anti-oxidant pathway and that a mutant RNase E has a novel function as an anti-oxidant. [source]

    Identification and characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein gene from swine

    LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
    J.-M. Fan
    Abstract Aims:, Identification and characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein gene from swine. Methods and Results:, Genomic RNA was separated from JEV isolated strain Henan-09-03, and used as templates for cDNA synthesis of E gene. The cDNA of E gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the pMD19-T-Vector and confirmed by sequencing. The cloned gene was then subcloned into the pET-32a and was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for expression. The E protein was purified by Ni chelating column-based affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of expressed protein was about 50 kDa. Compared with the published sequence of SA14 (AF495589), the homology of the nucleotide sequence was 98% and the seven mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions at Leu 36 Ser, Leu107 Val, Ala167 Thr, Asn 230 Ser, Leu 340 Pro, Asn 430 Ile, Phe 448 Leu. Phylogenetic analysis of the E sequence of isolated strain classified it within genotype III of the JEV. The result of Western blotting indicated that the antigenicity of the protein was specific. Conclusions:, The stable expression of the protein and the analysis of its antigenic specificity provide the foundation for developing the ELISA early stage diagnosis kit. Significance and Impact of the Study:, As coating antigen, the recombinant E protein served a good source in the indirect ELISA method for the detection of JEV antibody. [source]

    Lack of RNA,DNA oligonucleotide (chimeraplast) mutagenic activity in mouse embryos

    MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2005
    Aristides D. Tagalakis
    Abstract There are numerous reports of the use of RNA,DNA oligonucleotides (chimeraplasts) to correct point mutations in vitro and in vivo, including the human apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE). Despite the absence of selection for targeting, high efficiency conversion has been reported. Although mainly used to revert deleterious mutations for gene therapy applications, successful use of this approach would have the potential to greatly facilitate the production of defined mutations in mice and other species. We have attempted to create a point mutation in the mouse ApoE gene by microinjection of chimeraplast into the pronuclei of 1-cell mouse eggs. Following transfer of microinjected eggs we analysed 139 E12.5 embryos, but obtained no evidence for successful conversion. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 71: 140,144, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Molecular characteristics of eight gastric cancer cell lines established in Japan

    PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2000
    Hiroshi Yokozaki
    Molecular characterization of eight gastric cancer cell lines established in Japan are summarized according to the genetic and epigenetic alterations and growth factor status. TMK-1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cell line harbors mutant p53 tumor suppressor gene and rearrangement of p15MTS2. MKN-1 adenosquamous carcinoma line with mutant p53 reveals silencing of E-cadherin by promoter CpG hypermethylation. MKN-7 well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cell line has amplification of c- erbB2 oncogene and cyclin E gene. MKN-28 well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cell line reveals mutations in p53 and APC tumor suppressor genes and silencing of CD44. The MKN-45 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cell line with wild-type p53 is characterized by homozygous deletion of p16CDKN2/MTS1/INK4A and p15MTS2, amplification of c-met oncogene and promoter mutation of E-cadherin. MKN-74 derived from moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma has wild-type p53. KATO-III signet ring cell carcinoma line has genomic deletion of p53, amplification of K- sam and c- met oncogene and mutation of E-cadherin. HSC-39 signet ring cell carcinoma cell line harboring p53 missense mutation has homozygous deletion of p16CDKN2/MTS1/INK4A and p15MTS2, amplifications of c- myc, c- met, K- sam and CD44 gene and mutation in , -catenin gene. [source]

    Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
    Dan T.A. Eisenberg
    Abstract The ,4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with increased cholesterol levels and heart disease. Population allele frequencies of APOE have previously been shown to vary, with ,4 frequencies generally increasing with latitude. We hypothesize that this trend resulted from natural selection protecting against low-cholesterol levels. In high-latitude cold environments and low-latitude hot environments, metabolic rate is elevated, which could require higher cholesterol levels. To explore this hypothesis, we compiled APOE allele frequencies, latitude, temperature, and elevation from populations around the world. ,4 allele frequencies show a curvilinear relationship with absolute latitude, with lowest frequencies found in the mid-latitudes where temperatures generally require less expenditure on cooling/thermogenesis. Controlling for population structure in a subset of populations did not appreciably change this pattern of association, consistent with selection pressures that vary by latitude shaping ,4 allele frequencies. Temperature records also predict APOE frequency in a curvilinear fashion, with lowest ,4 frequencies at moderate temperatures. The model fit between historical temperatures and ,4 is less than between latitude and ,4, but strengthened after correcting for estimated temperature differences during the Paleolithic. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that elevation did not improve predictive power, and an integrated measure of the cholesterol effect of multiple APOE alleles was less related to latitude than was ,4 alone. Our results lend mixed support for a link between past temperature and human APOE allele distribution and point to the need to develop better models of past climate in future analyses. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:13,20, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Identification of previously unrecognized predisposing factors for ankylosing spondylitis from analysis of HLA,B27 extended haplotypes in sardinia

    ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2007
    Isabella Cascino
    Objective To define the contribution of HLA genes other than HLA,B27 in conferring susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), through analysis of HLA,B27 haplotypes in Sardinian subjects. Methods Ninety-eight patients with AS, 133 HLA,B27,positive controls (of whom 33 were positive for HLA,B*2709), and 190 randomly selected controls were genotyped for microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the HLA region. Results Haplotypes carrying either the B*2705 or the B*2709 allele were found to share a conserved region downstream of the HLA,B gene and a functional polymorphism in the HLA,E gene (R128G), while differing in all other markers. Notably, the presence of an A at SNP rs1264457, encoding for Arg-128, was significantly increased in the cohort of patients (P = 6 × 10,6, corrected P = 3 × 10,5) but not in B*2705- or B*2709-positive controls. Comparing the alleles co-occurring at each HLA marker, we identified a region differentiating patients with AS and B*2705-matched controls. In particular, there was a markedly increased prevalence of heterozygosity at rs1264457 among B27-positive controls (74%, versus 47% in patients and 54% in random controls), suggesting a protective role of G128 in AS. Moreover, other markers around the HLA,B gene were also differentially represented. Conclusion These results demonstrate a significant difference in the frequency of some HLA markers between AS patients and B*2705-positive controls, which could be attributed to the opposite chromosome. In particular, the differential distribution of a functional polymorphism in the HLA,E gene suggests a possible role of natural killer function in AS pathogenesis. [source]

    Apolipoprotein E and Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms are associated with lower serum thyroid hormones in postmenopausal women

    CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
    Irene Lambrinoudaki
    Summary Objective, Autoimmune thyroiditis and overt or subclinical hypothyroidism have been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design, Cross-sectional investigation of the association between gene polymorphisms related to CVD with thyroid function and autoimmunity. Patients, In total 84 healthy postmenopausal women aged 49,69 years. Measurements, FT3, FT4, anti-TPO and anti-TG were assessed in the sera of participants. The following polymorphisms were assessed from peripheral lymphocyte DNA: Apolipoprotein E E2/E3/E4, paraoxonase 1 A/B, Glycoprotein IIIa leu33pro, MTHFR ala222val, ApoBarg3500gln, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4G/5G, cholesterol 7-, hydroxylase A204C and cholesterol ester transfer protein B1/B2. Results, A statistically significant correlation was found between Apolipoprotein E and paraoxonase1 polymorphisms and serum thyroid hormones: carriers of the E2 or E4 allele of the ApoE gene had lower levels of FT4 (P = 0·0005) than women with the E3/E3 genotype. Carriers of the B allele of paraoxonase 1 gene had lower levels of FT3 compared to women with the wild-type genotype (P = 0·047). A statistically significant positive association (P = 0·049) was also observed between anti-TG antibodies and the presence of the E2 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene. Conclusions, Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E and paraoxonase 1 are associated with different levels of thyroid hormone and anti-Tg antibody levels in the study population in this pilot study. The mechanism underlying this association remains to be elucidated. [source]

    Purification, characterization and subunits identification of the diol dehydratase of Lactobacillus collinoides

    FEBS JOURNAL, Issue 22 2002
    Nicolas Sauvageot
    The three genes pduCDE encoding the diol dehydratase of Lactobacillus collinoides, have been cloned for overexpression in the pQE30 vector. Although the three subunits of the protein were highly induced, no activity was detected in cell extracts. The enzyme was therefore purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. In fractions showing diol dehydratase activity, three main bands were present after SDS/PAGE with molecular masses of 63, 28 and 22 kDa, respectively. They were identified by mass spectrometry to correspond to the large, medium and small subunits of the dehydratase encoded by the pduC, pduD and pduE genes, respectively. The molecular mass of the native complex was estimated to 207 kDa in accordance with the calculated molecular masses deduced from the pduC, D, E genes (61, 24.7 and 19,1 kDa, respectively) and a ,2,2,2 composition. The Km for the three main substrates were 1.6 mm for 1,2-propanediol, 5.5 mm for 1,2-ethanediol and 8.3 mm for glycerol. The enzyme required the adenosylcobalamin coenzyme for catalytic activity and the Km for the cofactor was 8 µm. Inactivation of the enzyme was observed by both glycerol and cyanocobalamin. The optimal reaction conditions of the enzyme were pH 8.75 and 37 °C. Activity was inhibited by sodium and calcium ions and to a lesser extent by magnesium. A fourth band at 59 kDa copurified with the diol dehydratase and was identified as the propionaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, another protein involved in the 1,2-propanediol metabolism pathway. [source]

    MADS-Box Genes Controlling Flower Development in Rice

    PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
    F. Fornara
    Abstract: The separation between monocot and dicot plants occurred about 120 - 180 million years ago and since then major morphological changes have led to the striking differences that can be observed today. To understand whether, despite these differences, the processes controlling flower development are fundamentally comparable in dicot and monocot species, it is necessary to perform comparative studies. However, until recently flower development has been studied mainly in dicot plant species. Genetic and molecular analyses of two dicot model species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus, led to the formulation of the ABC model of flower development that describes how the combined activities of three classes of genes are required to drive flower organ development. This model has recently been extended by the inclusion of two other gene classes, namely D and E, which are involved in ovule development, and petal, stamen and carpel development, respectively. Most of the A, B, C, D and E genes identified so far have been shown to encode MADS-box transcription factors. In rice a number of regulatory genes belonging to the MADS-box transcription factor family have been cloned in the last few years and the functions of some of them have been investigated in detail. Here we review the current state of knowledge on rice flower development and focus on MADS-box genes that determine floral organ identity in this species. We compare results obtained in rice with the information known for Arabidopsis and the differences between these two species are discussed. [source]