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Duke University (duke + university)

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Medical Sciences50%

Terms modified by Duke University

  • duke university medical center
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  • duke university press
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    Selected Abstracts

    Announcement and Call for Papers: PET03 Conference, Duke University

    JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 2 2003
    Article first published online: 14 MAR 200
    [source]

    2D EIT for biomedical imaging: Design, measurement, simulation, and image reconstruction

    MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 12 2007
    Kim Hwa Lim
    Abstract A 2D electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system has been developed at Duke University as an experimental system to test the forward and inverse algorithms for EIT application. The forward model is based on the 2nd-order finite element method (FEM), while the image reconstruction is based on the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM). The major contributions of this work are the application of the higher-order FEM as a forward solver, and the DBIM as an inverse solver to the integrated EIT system. The forward model has been validated with the measured data to within 0.5% accuracy. Excellent images have been reconstructed with these collected EIT data sets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2989,2998, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22938 [source]

    Diurnal variation of serum and urine biomarkers in patients with radiographic knee osteoarthritis

    ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2006
    S. Y. Kong
    Objective To evaluate diurnal variation of biomarkers in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods Twenty subjects with radiographic knee OA were admitted to the General Clinical Research Center of Duke University for an overnight stay to undergo serial blood and urine sampling. Biomarkers measured included serum hyaluronan (HA), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), keratan sulfate (KS-5D4), aggrecan neoepitope (CS846), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), osteocalcin, transforming growth factor ,1 (TGF,1), and type II collagen (CII),related epitopes (neoepitope from cleavage of CII [C2C], carboxy-terminus of three-quarter peptide from cleavage of CI and CII [C1,2C], and type II procollagen carboxy-propeptide [CPII] in serum, and C-terminal telopeptides of CII [CTX-II] and C2C in urine). Results Levels of serum HA, COMP, KS-5D4, and TGF,1 increased significantly from T0 (before arising from bed) to T1 (1 hour after arising). More diurnal variation in HA was observed in patients with higher daily mean HA concentrations. CPII increased significantly from T0 to T2 (4 hours after arising). Urinary concentrations of CTX-II were also found to vary with morning activity, decreasing significantly from T0 to T2. Urinary C2C concentrations increased significantly from T0 until T3 (early evening). No diurnal variations in CS846, hsCRP, osteocalcin, serum C2C, or C1,2C were observed. Six biomarkers (serum C2C, C1,2C, COMP, KS-5D4, TGF,1, and urinary CTX-II) were associated with radiographic knee OA (expressed as the sum of Kellgren/Lawrence radiographic severity grades), with the strongest correlations observed with measurements obtained at later time points (either T2 or T3). Conclusion Our study results suggest that serum and urine sampling for HA, COMP, KS-5D4, TGF,1, CPII, urinary CTX-II, and urinary C2C should be standardized in future OA clinical trials. Serum and urine sampling at late midday time points may be the optimal approach for OA studies, although this result should be validated in a larger cohort. [source]

    Patterns of exercise across the cancer trajectory in brain tumor patients

    CANCER, Issue 10 2006
    Lee W. Jones Ph.D.
    Abstract BACKGROUND Exercise may represent a supportive intervention that may complement existing neurooncologic therapies and address a multitude of therapy-induced debilitating side effects in patients with brain tumors. Given the limited evidence, the authors conducted a survey to examine the exercise patterns of brain tumor patients across the cancer trajectory. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 386 brain tumor patients who received treatment at the Brain Tumor Center at Duke University were sent a questionnaire that assessed self-reported exercise behavior prior to diagnosis, during adjuvant therapy, and after the completion of therapy. RESULTS The response rate was 28% (106 of 383 patients). Descriptive analyses indicated that 42%, 38%, and 41% of participants, respectively, met national exercise prescription guidelines prior to diagnosis, during treatment, and after the completion of adjuvant therapy. Repeated measures analyses indicated no significant changes in the majority of exercise behavior outcomes over the cancer trajectory. However, exploratory analyses indicated that males and younger participants may be at the greatest risk of reducing exercise levels after a brain tumor diagnosis. These analyses remained unchanged after controlling for relevant demographic and medical covariates. CONCLUSIONS A relatively high percentage of brain tumor patients are exercising at recommended levels across the cancer trajectory. Moreover, these patients have unique exercise patterns that may be modified by select demographic variables. This preliminary study provides important informative data for future studies examining the potential role of exercise in patients diagnosed with neurologic malignancies. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source]