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Du Québec (du + quebec)
Selected AbstractsLong-term post-fire changes in the northeastern boreal forest of QuebecJOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 6 2000Louis De Grandpré Abstract. Natural dynamics in the boreal forest is influenced by disturbances. Fire recurrence affects community development and landscape diversity. Forest development was studied in the northeastern boreal forest of Quebec. The objective was to describe succession following fire and to assess the factors related to the changes in forest composition and structure. The study area is located in northeastern Quebec, 50 km north of Baie-Comeau. We used the forest inventory data gathered by the Ministère des Ressources naturelles du Québec (MRNQ). In circular plots of 400 m2, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all stems of tree species greater than 10 cm was recorded and in 40 m2 subplots, stems smaller than 10 cm were measured. A total of 380 plots were sampled in an area of 6000 km2. The fire history reconstruction was done based on historical maps, old aerial photographs and field sampling. A time-since-fire class, a deposit type, slope, slope aspect and altitude were attributed to each plot. Each plot was also described according to species richness and size structure characteristics. Traces of recent disturbance were also recorded in each plot. Changes in forest composition were described using ordination analyses (NMDS and CCA) and correlated with the explanatory variables. Two successional pathways were observed in the area and characterized by the early dominance of intolerant hardwood species or Picea mariana. With time elapsed since the last fire, composition converged towards either Picea mariana, Abies balsamea or a mixture of both species and the size structure of the coniferous dominated stands got more irregular. The environmental conditions varied between stands and explained part of the variability in composition. Their effect tended to decrease with increasing time elapsed since fire, as canopy composition was getting more similar. Gaps may be important to control forest dynamics in old successional communities. [source] Trends and determinants of antiresorptive drug use for osteoporosis among elderly women,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 10 2005Sylvie Perreault PhD Abstract Aim It has been established that women who have had a first osteoporotic fracture are at a significantly greater risk of future fractures. Effective antiresorptive treatments (ART) are available to reduce this risk, yet little information is available on trends in ART drug use among the elderly. The objective is to estimate the rate ratio (RR) of having an ART prescription filled among elderly women and its relation to selected determinants from 1995 through 2001. Method A cohort design was used. Through random sampling, we selected 40% of the women aged 70 years and older listed in the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) health database. The women were grouped into four cohorts (for 1995, 1996, 1998 and 2000). January 1 was established as the index date within each cohort (1995, 1996, 1998 and 2000). The dependent variable was the RR of having at least one prescription of ART drugs filled during the year following the index date among women with and without prior use. ART users were divided in two groups: bone-specific drugs (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, raloxifen) and HRT (hormone replacement therapy). The independent variable was whether or not (control) there had been an osteoporotic-related fracture. The RR was determined for having at least one prescription of bone-specific drugs or of HRT filled during the year following the index date using a Cox regression adjusted for age, chronic disease score (CDS) and prior bone mineral density (BMD) test. Results Crude rates of BMD testing (per 500 person-years) ranged from 20.4 (1995) to 41.1 (2000) in women who had had an osteoporotic-related fracture, and from 4.4 to 15.3 in controls. The crude rate of women (per 100 person-years) who had had an osteoporotic-related fracture and who took at least one bone-specific drug during follow-up ranged from 1.9 in 1995 to 31 in 2000 among those with prior osteoporotic-related fracture, and from 0.5 in 1995 to 11 in 2000 for controls; the corresponding figures for HRT ranged 6.7 in 1995 to 13 in 2000, and from 8.4 in 1995 to 11 in 2000 respectively. BMD test is the only major factor affecting the adjusted RR of having a prescription filled for bone-specific drugs (RR of 10.44; 6.91,15.79 in 1995 and RR of 3.68; 3.30,4.10 in 2000) or HRT (RR of 2.08; 1.64,2.64 in 1995 and RR of 1.44; 1.17,1.77 in 2000), particularly among women who had not had prior use. The fact of having a fracture status does significantly affect the RR of having at least one bone-specific drug prescription filled only among women without prior use (RR of 1.71; 1.26,2.33 in 1996 and RR of 1.77; 1.44,2.19 in 2000). The fact of being younger did not affect the RR of having at least one prescription of bone-specific drugs filled, but being younger increased the RR of filling a prescription of HRT. Conclusions Significant change was seen over time in the number of BMD tests ordered and ART use. Effective osteoporosis interventions are not optimal in the treatment of elderly women in a Canadian health-care system who have had an osteoporotic fracture, given that approximately 25% of women who had had an osteoporotic-related fracture were users of ART. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Fluctuations in land values in a rural municipality in southern Québec, CanadaTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 4 2006ÉRIK PROVOST The agro-forested region of the Haut-St-Laurent, in southwestern Québec, in Canada, has served as a laboratory for several years to a multi-disciplinary research team seeking to understand the interplay of stakeholders and processes influencing the rural space of southern Québec. Following directly in the footsteps of previous research, this study was undertaken to analyze the hitherto neglected but important aspect of fluctuations in land values with respect to geomorphology and land use, during the 1958,1997 period. A geo-referenced database was built within an object-oriented geographic information system (GIS) that includes data from the sale of parcels of land within the study area, land registry maps, land use maps, and a geomorphological map. These data were analyzed and sorted through queries addressed to the database. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between sale price, geomorphology and indirectly land use, for the entire study period and for each of its decades. The results show that land value has increased at different times during the past, according to its geomorphological type and land use. These relationships are explained by the important transformation phases that have affected southern Québec during the second half of the twentieth century. La région agroforestière du Haut-St-Laurent, dans le sud-ouest du Québec, au Canada, sert de laboratoire depuis plusieurs années à une équipe de recherche multidisciplinaire afin de comprendre le jeu des acteurs et des processus affectant l'espace rural du Sud du Québec. S'inscrivant dans la lignée de ces travaux, cette étude a été entreprise afin d'analyser un aspect important mais négligé jusqu'à maintenant, celui de la fluctuation de la valeur des terres en relation avec la géomorphologie et l'utilisation du sol, durant la période 1958,1997. Une base de données géo-référencées a été créée dans un système d'information géographique (SIG) orienté-objet composée des données provenant des ventes associées aux parcelles composant la région d'étude, des cartes cadastrales, de cartes d'utilisation du sol et d'une carte géomorphologique. Ces données ont été analysées et triées par le biais de requêtes formulées à la base de données. Une analyse statistique multivariée a été réalisée pour analyser la relation entre le prix de vente, la géomorphologie et indirectement l'utilisation du sol pour l'ensemble de la période d'étude et pour chaque décennie. Les résultats montrent que les terres ont connu une hausse de leur valeur à différents moments dans le temps, selon leur type géomorphologique. Cette relation peut être expliquée par les phases importantes de transformation qui ont affecté le Sud du Québec durant la deuxième moitié du XXième siècle. [source] Poorly performing physicians: Does the script concordance test detect bad clinical reasoning?,THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS, Issue 3 2010François Goulet MD Abstract Introduction Evaluation of poorly performing physicians is a worldwide concern for licensing bodies. The Collège des Médecins du Québec currently assesses the clinical competence of physicians previously identified with potential clinical competence difficulties through a day-long procedure called the Structured Oral Interview (SOI). Two peer physicians produce a qualitative report. In view of remediation activities and the potential for legal consequences, more information on the clinical reasoning process (CRP) and quantitative data on the quality of that process is needed. This study examines the Script Concordance Test (SCT), a tool that provides a standardized and objective measure of a specific dimension of CRP, clinical data interpretation (CDI), to determine whether it could be useful in that endeavor. Methods Over a 2-year period, 20 family physicians took, in addition to the SOI, a 1-hour paper-and-pencil SCT. Three evaluators, blind as to the purpose of the experiment, retrospectively reviewed SOI reports and were asked to estimate clinical reasoning quality. Subjects were classified into 2 groups (below and above median of the score distribution) for the 2 assessment methods. Agreement between classifications is estimated with the use of the Kappa coefficient. Results Intraclass correlation for SOI was 0.89. Cronbach alpha coefficient for the SCT was 0.90. Agreement between methods was found for 13 participants (Kappa: 0.30, P = 0.18), but 7 out of 20 participants were classified differently in both methods. All participants but 1 had SCT scores below 2 SD of panel mean, thus indicating serious deficiencies in CDI. Discussion The finding that the majority of the referred group did so poorly on CDI tasks has great interest for assessment as well as for remediation. In remediation of prescribing skills, adding SCT to SOI is useful for assessment of cognitive reasoning in poorly performing physicians. The structured oral interview should be improved with more precise reporting by those who assess the clinical reasoning process of examinees, and caution is recommended in interpreting SCT scores; they reflect only a part of the reasoning process. [source] Le recours au financement institutionnel des femmes proprietaires uniques d'exploitations agricolesCANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, Issue 4 2000Rachel Auger Résumé Le dynamisme des agricultrices québécoises présente des perspectives intéressantes pour l'avenir de l'agriculture du Québec. Depuis le début des années 1980, l'im-portance des femmes propriétaires d'entreprises agri-coles n'a cessé de croǐtre. Des recherches antérieures ont permis de constater qu'elles se distinguent à plusieurs titres. Entre autres, les agricultrices propriétaires uniques au Québec ont moins recours au financement que les autres exploitants et exploitantes agricoles. Les facteurs pouvant expliquer ce comportement sont principalement l'ǎge et l'attitude face au risque de la propriétaire, la taille de l'exploitation, le mode d'accès à la propriété et le type de production. Abstract The dynamism of women farmers bodes well for the future of agriculture in Quebec. Since the early 1980s, women farm owners have consistently increased in importance. Previous research findings show that specific features distinguish them from other farm owners. Among these we find that sole owners resort less to institutional financing than other farm owners. Factors that can explain this behaviour are the age of the women owners, their marital status, as well as the size of their business. The first two variables appear to reflect their attitude towards risk taking. Finally, three distinctive groups emerge when considering women who have not used bank financing during the last five years. [source] Tax incentives and fertility in Canada: quantum vs tempo effectsCANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2007Daniel Parent Abstract., Using inter-jurisdictional differences in the implementation of the Family Allowance Program in Canada in the mid-1970s, this paper first shows that Quebec families with two or more children prior to being exposed to the program responded quite strongly to the added incentives in the short run relative to women in other Canadian provinces. Tracking down the cohorts across Censuses, we find that the same group of Quebec families subsequently showed a decrease in fertility relative to the rest of Canada, leaving ultimate family size unaffected. These results are consistent with the program having generated only a timing effect. Utilisant les différences entre juridictions dans la mise en ,uvre du programme d'allocations familiales au Canada au milieu des années 70, ce mémoire montre d'abord que les familles québécoises qui avaient deux enfants ou plus avant d'être exposées au programme ont répondu très fortement aux incitations additionnelles à court terme en comparaison avec ce qui s'est passé dans les autres provinces canadiennes. En suivant les cohortes à travers les recensements, on montre que ce même groupe de familles du Québec a, par la suite, subi un déclin de fécondité par rapport au reste du Canada, ce qui a eu pour effet de laisser la taille de la famille ultimement non affectée d'une manière relative. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la conclusion que le programme a seulement eu un effet sur le profil temporel de la fécondité. [source] Impacts of a law fostering training development: Lessons from Quebec's experienceCANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 3 2007Jean Chrest In 1995, the Quebec government adopted a unique law in North America in this regard: An Act to Foster the Development of Manpower Training. The "1% Wage Bill Law" was intended to improve the qualifications, skills and performance of workers through training. This article investigates three impacts of this law: the level of investment by firms; the distributional aspect of the law in terms of its capacity to ensure a more equitable investment in training for the different categories of workers in firms; and, finally, the structural aspect in terms of establishing partnerships. From a theoretical perspective, the Quebec experience illustrates that, between the liberal approach and the institutionalist approach (market versus institutions), it is possible to observe a compromise being made by social actors with respect to the regulation process, which at the same time respects the decisional space of firms. Another observation relates to the complementary aspect of institutional forms in labour-market regulation and to the fundamental role of unions in partnershipbuilding. Sommaire: Depuis les années 1980, de nombreuses etudes au Canada ont révélé un faible degré de participation des entreprises à la formation et ont ainsi soulevé la question du rôle de la politique gouvemementale. En 1995, le gouvemement du Québec a adoptéà cet égard une loi unique en son genre en Amérique du Nord: une Loi fauorisant le de'veloppement de la formation de la main-d,,uvre. La G loi du 1 % de la masse salariale "visait à améliorer les qualifications, les competences et la performance des travailleuses et travailleurs grâce 5 la formation. Le présent article examine trois impacts de cette loi: le niveau d'investissement des entreprises; l'aspect répartition de la loi en termes de sa capacitéà s' assurer que des investissements plus équitables soient consacrés à la formation pour différentes catégories de travailleuses et travailleurs dans les entreprises; et enfin, l'aspect structurel pour ce qui est de l'établissement de partenariats. D'un point de vue théorique, l'expérience du Québec illustre qu'entre l'approche libérale et l'approche institutionnelle (marché contre institutions), il est possible d'observer un compromis de la part des acteurs sociaux en ce qui concerne le processus de réglementation, qui respecte en même temps l'espace décisionnel des entreprises. Une autre observation porte sur l'aspect complémentaire des formes institutionnelles dans la réglementation du marché du travail et sur le rôle fondamental des syndicats dans l,établissement de partenariats. [source] L'expérience québécoise en matière de réforme administrative: la loi sur l'administration publiqueCANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 1 2006Louis Côté Sommaire: Cet article porte sur l'expérience concrète de réforme administrative conduite dans la fonction publique québécoise depuis le printemps 2000. Afin de comprendre les raisons qui expliquent l'entrée relativement tardive et plutôt modeste du Québec dans la nouvelle vague de réformes administratives, nous presentons dans une première section l'arrière-plan historique de la réforme québécoise. Puis, prenant appui sur les résultats empiriques de deux recherches réalisées l'une en 2003 et l'autre en 2005, les trois sections suivantes examinent la façon dont la réforme québécoise a répondu aux principaux enjeux touchant les aspects conceptuel et stratégique d'une réforme. Nous traitons d'abord les enjeux suivants concernant la conception d'ensemble de la réforme: la prise en compte des spécificités de la gestion publique, l'application d'une approche différenciée en fonction des paramètres structuraux et le respect de la dynamique du système administratif national. Sont ensuite abordés les enjeux ayant trait à la mise en ,uvre de la réforme: l'engagement des acteurs, les modes d'intervention des organismes centraux et les ressources allouées. On examine enfin quelques enjeux reliés aux deux axes majeurs retenus par la réforme: le service aux citoyens et aux entreprises et la gestion par résultats. Abstract: This article looks at the concrete experience of the administrative reforms that have been conducted in the Quebec public service since spring 2000. In order to understand the reasons why Quebec was relatively late in joining the new wave of administrative reform, and rather modest in its participation when it did so, the first section of the article documents its historical background. The next three sections examine the way in which the Quebec reform has addressed the key issues related to the conceptual and strategic aspects of the reform process, based on the empirical results of two research studies, conducted in 2003 and 2005. Examined first are issues concerning the overall vision of reform: the taking into account of the specifics of public management, the application of a differentiated approach based on structural parameters, and the respect for the dynamics of the national administrative system. The article then looks at issues relating to reform implementation: the engagement of the players, the modes of intervention of the central agencies, and the resources allocated. Finally, the article examines some of the issues in connection with the two major themes targeted by the reform: services to citizens and businesses, and management by results. [source] Quelle place pour les provinces canadiennes dans les organisations et les négociations internationales du Canada a la lumiere des pratiques au sein d'autres fédérations?CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 4 2005Stéphane Paquin Sommaire: Au Canada, les traités intemationaux conchs par le gouvernment fédéral n'entrainent pas automatiquement leur application par les provinces. La situation s'est compliquée en 2002 car le gouvernement du Québec a adoptéà l'una-nimité une loi qui oblige la ratification par 1'Assemblée nationale du Québec de tout traité fédéral touchant aux champs de compétence du Québec. Avec cette loi, 1'Assemblee nationale du Québec devient le premier parlement de type britannique àêtre étroitement associé au processus de conclusion des engagements intemationaux du gouvernement central. Compte tenu de cette situation très instable qui affecte significativement la capacité de conclure de nouveaux traités de libre-échange par exemple, il est utile de chercher a savoir comment se passent les choses dans d'autres fédérations, afin de proposer un meilleur partage des rôbles en matière de relations internationales au Canada. Les autres fédérations étudiées sont l'Allemagne, la Belgique, 1'Espagne et la Suisse. Abstract: In Canada, the provinces do not automatically enforce the international treaties that are concluded by the federal government. The situation became more complicated in 2002 when the Quebec government unanimously adopted legislation that forces ratification by Quebec's National Assembly of any federal treaty that concerns Quebec's areas of jurisdiction. By this legislation, the Quebec National Assembly becomes the first parliament modelled on the British type of parliament to be so closely associated with the central government's process of making international commitments. Given this unstable situation, which has a significant impact on the ability to conclude new free trade agreements, for example, it is useful to examine how things work in other federations in order to propose ways to enhance the sharing of roles in matters of international relations in Canada. The federations being studied are Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Switzerland. [source] L'imaginaire éthique des répondants du réseau gouvernemental québécois en matière d,éthiqueCANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 4 2004Yves Boisvert Sommaire: Existe-t-il des dispositifs en éthique gouvernementale qui ne relèvent pas de la logique propre à la déontologie, comme c'est la tendance chez les pays membres de I'ocde? Dans le cadre d'une recherche financée par le secrétariat du Conseil du Trésor du gouvernement du Québec, il nous a été possible d'explorer un dispositif appelé« Réseau des répondants en éthique ». À I'analyse des réponses obtenues lors d'une enquête de type terrain, nous avons constaté qu'il y avait concordance entre la définition que les répondants donnaient de l'éthique (conception très majoritairement auto-régulationniste) et la perception qu'ils avaient du rôle qu'ils devaient jouer. Nous avons aussi fait la démonstration qu'il y a une rupture dans l'imaginaire éthique des répondants par rapport à la tendance hétéro-régulationniste. Une des causes de ce changement de mentalité proviendrait du fait que les consultants en éthique du Québec ont adopté un modèle de réflexion éthique faisant bien la distinction entre l'éthique et la déontologie. Abstract: Countries of the oecd have established "codes of conduct" for public servants. Do these codes have a determining effect on how ethics are applied? Our research project, funded by the Secretariat du Conseil du Tresor of the Government of Quebec, allowed us to explore what is called the Réseau des répondants en éthique, a network of ethics consultants. When we analysed field survey responses, we found a parallel between the ways the network respondents defined ethics (a primarily self-regulated conception) and how they perceived the roles they were expected to play. We also found that there is a disjunction between the respondents' perception of ethics and the trend of regulation-by-others. One of the causes of this change in mentality would appear to be that Quebec's ethics consultants have adopted an ethical reflection model that distinguishes between ethics and codes of conduct. [source] La dialectique de la surveillance et le nouveau régime d'assurancemédicaments au QuébecCANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 2 2003Christian Boudreau Sommaire: Les travaux sur la surveillance ont surtout mis en évidence le pouvoir administratif croissant des organisations modernes, principalement 1'État et I'entreprise privée. La présente étude prend le contre-pied de ces travaux. Elle montre que certains systèmes de surveillance, en particulier les banques de données de la Régie de I'assurance-maladie du Québec, peuvent contribuer à la transparence et a I'imputabilité des décisions gouvemementales lors de l'élaboration et de la mise en euvre des politiques publiques. C'est le cas du nouveau régime d'assurance-médicaments au Québec qui, par sa transparence, a permis à des agents de la société civile d'exercer à leur tour une surveillance sur 1'État. Comme I'indique notre étude, l'éitat peut être à la fois un puissant agent de surveillance et un agent étroitement surveillé et publiquement imputable. L'étude montre aussi que la surveillance peut être une arme à double tranchant non seulement pour les dirigeants de I'État, mais aussi pour les agents sociaux qui leur résistent, d'oú l'importance d'être vigilant dans le déploiement de la surveillance. Abstract: Work undertaken on monitoring activities has, for the most part, highlighted the increasing administrative authority of modern organizations, mainly that of the government and of private corporations. This study takes the opposing view of such work. It shows that monitoring systems, more specifically the Régie de l'assurance-maladie du Québec databases, can contribute to the transparency and accountability of government decisions in developing and implementing public policies. Such is the case with the new Prescription Drug Insurance Plan in Quebec, the transparency of which afforded civil-society officials the opportunity to monitor the government. As the study shows, the government can be both a powerful monitoring agent and a closely monitored and publicly accountable one. The study also shows that monitoring can be a double-edged sword, not only for government officials but also for social-agency officials who stand up to them, hence the importance of exercising great care when performing monitoring activities. [source] La place du capital social comme facteur explicatif des différences de performance des conseils régionaux de déaveloppement du QuébecCANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 1 2001Louis Côté The purpose of the study was to measure and compare the relative performance of the regional development boards and to assess the role of the regional social capital as a factor that could explain the discrepancies found. The performance was assessed on the basis of eighteen indicators using quantitative and qualitative data. The results were collated into a single performance indicator; depending on the region, the performance ranged from merely fair to good. In order to determine the underlying causes of differences in performance, seven hypotheses based on sociological theory were tested. Only the social capital hypothesis was confirmed, as it accounted for nearly fifty-eight per cent of the performance variation. Moreover, the analysis raised a number of issues pertaining to social capital. [source] Policy Change and the Politics of Ideas: The Emergence of the Canada/Quebec Pension PlansCANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 3 2009KRISTINA BABICH Insistant sur l'impact direct des idées sur le changement politique, les auteurs se penchent sur l'adoption du Régime de rentes du Québec (RRQ) et du Régime de pensions du Canada (RPC) de 1965, en examinant deux questions étroitement liées: 1) Pourquoi le gouvernement fédéral a-t-il décidé de créer au milieu des années 1960 un système public de pension proportionnel aux revenus, en plus du Programme de la sécurité de la vieillesse alors en vigueur? et 2) Pourquoi ce nouveau système présente-t-il un taux de remplacement plus élevé que celui proposé initialement, de même qu'un régime différent pour le Québec? De manière à répondre à ces deux questions, les auteurs analysent les débats menant à l'adoption du RRQ et du RPC. Stressing the direct impact of ideas on policy change, this article explores the adoption of the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans (C/QPP) in 1965 by addressing two closely related questions: in the mid-1960s: why did the federal government decide to create an earnings-related public pension system on top of the existing Old Age Security program? Second, why did that new system feature a replacement rate higher than initially proposed as well as a separate scheme for the province of Quebec? In order to answer these two questions, the article analyzes the debates leading to the enactment of the C/QPP. [source] The Quebec Patronat: Proposing a Neo-liberal Political Economy after All,CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 2 2004PETER GRAEFE Les études récentes portant sur le patronat québécois avancent que ce dernier a modernisé son discours, passant du néolibéralisme à une concertation et à une coopération positive avec les syndicats et l'État. Ces études suggèrent que le patronat québécois est en train de développer une économie politique distincte du modèle libéral en vigueur ailleurs au Canada. Cet article analyse le discours du Conseil du patronat du Québec (CPQ) depuis sa création pour évaluer la pertinence de ces arguments. Il conclut que la vision stratégique du CPQ est restée néolibérale depuis le début des années 1980, ce qui suggére la nécessité de la prudence dans la formulation des arguments sur l'exceptionnalisme économique du Québec. Recent studies of the Quebec patronat argue that it has "modernized" its discourse, moving from neo-liberalism to the embrace of positive-sum concertation and co-operation with unions and the State. These studies suggest Quebec's employers' associations are developing a different political economy than the liberal one found in the Rest of Canada. This article assesses these arguments using the discourse of the Conseil du patronat du Québec (CPQ) since its inception. It argues that the CPQ's strategic outlook has remained steadfastly neo-liberal since the early 1980s, which suggests the need for caution in developing accounts of Quebec's economic exceptionalism. [source] | ||||||||||||||||