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Advanced Technologies (advanced + technology)
Selected AbstractsSpecial Issue on Advanced Technology in Power SystemsIEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2007Dr. Toshihisa Funabashi No abstract is available for this article. [source] The William Blake Archive: An OverviewLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2006Steven E. Jones This essay offers an introduction to and summary of The William Blake Archive (WBA) as an online, multimedia, scholarly edition. It covers the history of the WBA's initial online publication in 1996 and then describes the conception and structure of the edition, its editorial principles, and "object-centered" organization, hierarchical structure, and interface. Next the essay surveys the WBA's editorial methods and procedures, including how the resource , which aims for "virtually reunified" corpus , has been produced and managed at The University of Virginia's Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities (IATH), and concludes with a look at the method of publication and delivery (including the role of structural markup and the World Wide Web). [source] The Impact of Advanced Technology Adoption on Wage Structures: Evidence from Taiwan Manufacturing FirmsECONOMICA, Issue 271 2001Jin-Tan Liu We examine the impact of advanced technology adoption on wage and employment structures in Taiwan. Using a survey of manufacturing firms that provides direct information on the use of advanced technologies, we find that firms using more advanced technologies pay higher wages to both non-production and production workers and employ higher fractions of non-production workers. Controlling for the possible endogeneity of technology adoption suggests that the estimated impact of new technologies on wages is downward-biased and that the effect on production workers' wages may be minimal. [source] Facing the Age Wave and Economic Policy: Fixing Public Pension Systems with Healthcare in the Wings,FISCAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2005David A. Wise Abstract There are two overriding problems faced by ageing societies. One is the financing of public pension (social security in US terms) programmes. The other is paying for healthcare. This paper considers the healthcare issue briefly, emphasising that the issue arises primarily because of advances in medical technology. Better medical technology will improve healthcare in the future, but more advanced technologies also cost more. The focus of the rest of the paper is on the public pension problem. The emphasis is on the early retirement incentives inherent in the provisions of most public pension programmes around the world, the reduction in the labour force participation of older people caused by these incentives, and the large fiscal implication of the inducement of older people to leave the labour force. These results are based on the Gruber,Wise ongoing international social security comparison project. [source] Advanced and intelligent technologies for reliable operation of power systems and electricity marketsIEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2008Ryuichi Yokoyama Senior Member Abstract Deregulation of power industries is still progressing in many countries, aiming at reduction of the electricity price, diversity of customer diverse choices, services and promotion of new business and keeping supply reliability. Many countries are testing this notion in anticipation of lower power prices through open competition. In such a competitive situation, it is necessary for suppliers to take on the responsibility of keeping supply reliability at the load end in order to prevent outages, for instance, independent power producers (IPP) placing distributed generations (DGs) close to the load or conventional utilities utilizing advanced and intelligent system operation/control technologies that are costly. Usually, customers pay one price for power that is good enough for ordinary use, therefore not necessarily highly consistent in quality of voltage, current, frequency or reliability. However, if customers desire better quality power, additional fees are added according to the particular characteristics desired, thus customers are supplied with this type of better power that they choose. Under such a worldwide new trend in power systems and markets, this article is edited for the purpose of introducing the most advanced technologies and the newest issues related to reliable and stable operations of power markets and systems in the competitive environment. © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] International briefing 6: Training and development in the United StatesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2000Michael J. Marquardt Increasingly, training and development is playing an important and strategic role in the economic success of US organisations (Marquardt, 1999, Tannenbaum and Yukl, 1992). US organisations recognise that they now operate in a new global economy, an economy which involves the use of advanced technologies and increased responsiveness to customers' needs. It is becoming one that requires greater and greater innovation and flexibility in production, service delivery and market know-how. American firms realise more than ever that employee knowledge gained through training and development has become a strategic necessity and more and more the source of strategic advantage (Drucker, 1994). [source] Fast Synthesis of Nanostructured Microspheres of a Bridged Silsesquioxane via Ultrasound-Assisted Sol,Gel ProcessingMACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 2 2009Hernán E. Romeo Abstract Microspheres of a nanostructured bridged silsesquioxane were synthesized by employing ultrasound-assisted self-assembly of a bridged monomer via sol,gel processing. The bridged precursor was synthesized from glycidoxypropyl(trimethoxysilane) (GPMS) (2 mol) and cyclohexylamine (1 mol). The main factor controlling the generation of a stable dispersion of microspheres was the time at which the phase separation of the silsesquioxane was produced during the hydrolytic condensation. An appropriate blend of THF/n -hexane as a solvent enabled to rapidly generate a stable dispersion exhibiting a low polydispersity. The mild reaction conditions produced the nanostructuring of the silsesquioxane characterized by a fine structure in SAXS spectrum. Inorganic domains were arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal system leading to the formation of cavities in the microspheres which could be employed as host,guest systems in advanced technologies. [source] Polymers as functional components in batteries and fuel cells,POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 9-10 2006Gerhard Wegner Abstract The recent 10 years have seen an unprecedented development in the area of portable electronic devices: mobile phones, laptops, PDAS, and digital cameras have all become commodities on a large scale. All of these devices need a power supply in terms of a battery acceptable capacity, possibly rechargeable. This demand has triggered research and development in polymer materials science for lithium ion conducting polymers that could replace or avoid organic liquids as a supporting electrolyte. Moreover, polymers need to be optimized that act in the form of "gels" as framework and/or membrane materials to achieve mechanical integrity of the electrode compartments. Ionic conductivity for protons in polymeric systems is also the key issue in the development of so-called polyelectrolyte-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that are supposed to work as power sources for mobile applications, e.g. in hybrid cars. A liquid fuel such as methanol would be converted to CO2 and H2O with concomitant production of electricity. Novel proton conducting polymer systems are required that work at temperatures between 150,200°C, that is under more or less water-free conditions. These requirements find an echo in the academic world in terms of renewed interest in the mechanisms of ionic transport phenomena in polymeric systems and in studies that aim for optimization of materials. In this article there will be a report on both lithium-ion and proton conducting polymers that have been recently developed in the authors' laboratory. The results will be discussed in the context of the demands that need to be met for advanced technologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A technology valuation model to support technology transfer negotiationsR & D MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2007Dong-Hyun Baek The development and commercialization of advanced technologies will depend increasingly on efficient technology transfer and technology trading systems. This requires the development of technology markets or exchanges and hence a reliable technology valuation methodology. This paper develops a methodology for an objective and impartial valuation of fully developed technologies. A web-based technology valuation system is developed with which interested users can make efficient and real-time evaluations of technologies. [source] The nature of market visioning for technology-based radical innovationTHE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2001Gina Colarelli O'Connor The ability to link advanced technologies to market opportunities is a crucial aspect of radical innovation. When markets do not yet exist, it is difficult to persevere, given organizational pressures for immediate profit. To study this problem, eleven radical innovation projects are examined in nine large, mature organizations in a real-time field setting. The sample is augmented by interviews of four additional individuals who have repeated experiences in linking advanced technologies to markets. From results that are qualitative in nature, four themes emerge. First, vision is built and sustained through a variety of mechanisms that may operate in combination or serially. Second, there are a number of roles that individuals play in creating and evangelizing a vision through an organization. Third, there exist a few tools and methods for aiding in developing visions that are not dependent strictly on individual initiative, but these are not systematically employed by organizations. Finally, visions undergo a process of validation and internal acceptance that may depend heavily on reaching out beyond the familiar customer/market set of the firm. Building on these themes, we derive two sets of insights. The first identifies three different ways that visions might develop. We did not discover a singular process across firms or even within a single firm by which visions develop. Second, we identify three elements that occur when a vision is formulated and utilized in organizations: Motivation, Insight and Elaboration. Thus a vision does not arise through a single creative leap, but develops over time and requires focus, discipline, energy, and the involvement of many people. Awareness of this conceptual underpinning of visioning may help managers understand how to encourage this activity and help sustain long-term growth and renewal in their organizations. [source] Evolution of UMTS toward high-speed downlink packet accessBELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002Arnab Das An expanded effort is under way to support the evolution of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) standard to meet the rapidly developing needs associated with wireless data applications. A new, shared channel,the high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH),provides support to packet-switched high-speed data users. A number of performance-enhancing technologies are included in the high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) system to ensure high peak and average packet data rates while supporting circuit-switched voice and packet data on the same carrier. Lucent Technologies took a pivotal role in specifying many of these techniques, including adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and fat-pipe scheduling. In this paper, we provide system-level simulations results to indicate the achievable performance and capacity with these advanced technologies. We also discuss HSDPA protocol architecture along with the uplink and downlink control channel design and performance. We conclude with a discussion of potential enhancements for the future. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc. [source] Self-Assembling of Er2O3,TiO2 Mixed Oxide Nanoplatelets by a Template-Free Solvothermal RouteCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 45 2009Beatriz Julián-López Dr. Abstract An easy solvothermal route has been developed to synthesize the first mesoporous Er2O3,TiO2 mixed oxide spherical particles composed of crystalline nanoplatelets, with high surface area and narrow pore size distribution. This synthetic strategy allows the preparation of materials at low temperature with interesting textural properties without the use of surfactants, as well as the control of particle size and shape. TEM and Raman analysis confirm the formation of nanocrystalline Er2O3,TiO2 mixed oxide. Mesoscopic ordered porosity is reached through the thermal decomposition of organic moieties during the synthetic process, thus leading to a template-free methodology that can be extended to other nanostructured materials. High specific surface areas (up to 313,m2,g,1) and narrow pore size distributions are achieved in comparison to the micrometric material synthesized by the traditional sol,gel route. This study opens new perspectives in the development, by solvothermal methodologies, of multifunctional materials for advanced applications by improving the classical pyrochlore properties (magnetization, heat capacity, catalysis, conductivity, etc.). In particular, since catalytic reactions take place on the surface of catalysts, the high surface area of these materials makes them promising candidates for catalysts. Furthermore, their spherical morphology makes them appropriate for advanced technologies in, for instance, ceramic inkjet printers. [source] Oil demand in North America: 1980-2020OPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 4 2001Salman Saif Ghouri This paper first analyses price and income elasticity of oil demand in the United States, Canada and Mexico for the period 1980-99. Economic activity is the main driving force that influences oil consumption in each country. Changes in oil consumption generally lagged by a few years before the full impact of changes in oil prices was realized. Consumers in the short run are constrained by technological and other barriers and, therefore, less sensitive to changes in oil prices; however, they are more responsive in the long run , though response is still inelastic. The use of advanced technology facilitated these countries to use less oil over time. The paper then looks at demand over the next 20 years. The best-fitting model predicts that, by the end of 2020 (reference case), the USA, Canada and Mexico will respectively consume 24,900, 2,596 and 2,321 thousand barrels daily, compared with 19,519, 1,943 and 1,970 thousand b/d in 1999. The model forecasts economic slowdown during 2000/2002. The USA and Canada are expected to recover quickly, while Mexico will take longer. [source] Application of novel dual wave meal bolus and its impact on glycated hemoglobin A1c level in children with type 1 diabetesPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 5 2009Ewa Pa, kowska Background: An insulin pump is an advanced technology offering new options of bolus , normal (N), dual wave (D-W) or square wave (S-W) bolus to deliver mealtime insulin. Objectives: To assess the impact of D-W/S-W boluses on metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c) and to estimate the paediatric patients compliance with implementation of this system in daily practice. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 499 records of patients aged 0,18 yr. Data from the insulin pump memory provided information on the number of D-W/S-W boluses during a 2-wk period, the insulin requirement (U/kg/d) and the percentage of basal insulin. The HbA1c value (%) and the patient's weight were determined during medical examinations. Mealtime dose of insulin in D-W/S-W bolus was calculated based on the amount of carbohydrate and fat/protein products. Results: The number of applied D-W/S-W boluses was 16.6 ± 0.77/14 d (ranged 0,95), while 18.8% of patients did not program D-W/S-W boluses. The lowest HbA1c value was found in the group using two and/or more D-W/S-W boluses per day (p = 0.001) compared with the group administrating less than one D-W/S-W bolus/d. Patients with HbA1c level <7.5% had a statistically higher relevant number of D-W/S-W boluses, 19.55 (95% CI: 17.44,21.65) vs. 12.42 (95% CI: 10.22,14.61) (p < 0.001), while there was no correlation between the number of boluses and HbA1c in patients in the remission phase (<0.5 IU/kg/d) (r = 0.012, p = 0.930). Conclusions: Patients using at least one D-W/S-W bolus per day achieved a recommended level of HbA1c. Paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were found to be able to apply D-W/S-W boluses in daily self-treatment process based on food counting. [source] Reducing the information gap: Digital library development in BrazilPROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2002Cavan McCarthy Principal Brazilian digital library initiatives were identified and characterized. Significant projects in the area of science and research include gateway sites for research (Prossiga), set up and maintained cooperatively, also a multinational access system for regional electronic journals (SciELO). Systems which offer access to texts of the Brazilian classics predominate in the field of literature and hmanities. Digital libraries have had a significant impact on Brazil. Government financing was critical for implanting these new services. Institutions which already have a strong background in advanced technology have significantly better chances of success in the digital library field. Cooperative projects have also had significant impact. [source] The Relative Importance of Interfirm Relationships and Knowledge Transfer for New Product Development Success,THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2007Mette Praest Knudsen The relationship and network literature has primarily focused on particular partner types, for example, buyer,supplier relationships or competitor interaction. This article explores the nature and relative importance of different types of interfirm relationships for new product development (NPD) success. The underlying premise of the study is that not only the type of interfirm relationships but also the combination of relationships are important for NPD performance. The interaction with a specific type of partner is expected to influence innovative performance by means of appropriate knowledge transfer. Varying needs for external knowledge, and thus types of relationships, are observed depending on the particular stages in the NPD process, the character of the knowledge base of the firm, and the industrial conditions. The absorption of external knowledge is discussed using the degree of redundancy in knowledge, which is defined as the degree of overlap in the knowledge base of the sender and the recipient of knowledge. Hence, the degree of redundancy has direct implications for the ease and, hence, use of knowledge shared with an external partner. The article is based on data from the Know for Innovation survey on innovative activities among European firms, which was carried out in 2000 in seven European countries covering five industries. The article explores the extent of use of external relationships in collaborative product development and finds that customers are involved more frequently in joint development efforts. Second, the industry association of the most important relationship is studied, and the results show that firms tend to partner with firms from their own industry. The danger in this approach is that firms from their own industry tend to contribute similar knowledge, which ultimately may endanger the creation of new knowledge and therefore more radical product developments. The analyses combine the finding that relationships with customers are used most frequently at both early and late stages of the product development process, with a second and more contradictory finding that at the same time customer relationships have a negative impact on innovative success. Moreover, the combination of customers, with both universities and competitors, has a significant negative effect on innovative performance. The potential causes of this apparent paradox can be narrowed down to two: (1) the average customer may be unable to articulate needs for advanced technology-based products; and (2) the average customer may be unable to conceptualize ideas beyond the realm of his or her own experience. Based on this evidence the article cautions product development managers to think explicitly about what certain customers can contribute with and, more importantly, to match this contribution directly with their own sense of what direction product development should go in the future. Finally, the role of complementary as well as supplementary knowledge is investigated for innovative success finding that sharing of supplementary knowledge with external partners in NPD leads to a positive effect on innovative performance. The article is concluded by a discussion of the implication of this finding for building knowledge within the firm and for selecting external partners for NPD. [source] Rumpelstiltskin's Deliverables: Grimm Inspiration for Humanism in DevelopmentANTHROPOLOGY & HUMANISM, Issue 1 2010Tracey Heatherington SUMMARY Is there space for humanistic anthropology within the development sciences used to plan economic growth and ecological modernization? This article adapts a provocative fable to ponder a "global assemblage" designed to transfer authoritative knowledge and advanced technology for "sustainability" from the American Midwest to postsocialist eastern Europe. I retell the story of Rumpelstiltskin to reflect on participation in global systems of outsourced expertise, guessing at the nature of "the helper" with the aid of the fanciful. [source] Economics and quality of care for patients with acute coronary syndromes: The impending crisisCLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue S1 2002Eric J. Topol M.D. Abstract Several factors are placing significant financial burdens on the health care system today. These include the growing older population, the obesity and type II diabetes epidemics, and the attendant increased prevalence of heart disease, which remains the leading cause of death in the United States. In response, cardiovascular medicine is undergoing sweeping change in the use of advanced technology and interventions. In addition, biomarkers, such as troponin, are emerging as critical predictors of responses to therapy, particularly for coronary stenting. Future trends in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) will embrace the use of genomic solutions, such as gene expression profiling, to predict therapeutic outcomes. Careful consideration will need to be given to these innovative approaches to ensure they are cost effective. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||