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Distinct Outcomes (distinct + outcome)
Selected AbstractsEffect of daytime, weekday and year of admission on outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with thrombolytic therapyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2010M. Jauss Background:, Since doubts were raised, if a challenging medical procedure such as acute stroke treatment including thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is available with identical standard and outcome 24 h and 7 days a week our aim was to examine if acute stroke patients defined by onset-admission time (OAT) of , 3 h were treated differently or had distinct outcome when admitted during off duty hours (day versus night and weekend versus weekdays) and if any differences in treatment or outcome were apparent when comparing patients admitted in the year 2003 with patients admitted in the year 2006. Methods:, We analyzed 2003,2006 data of a prospective registry and grouped patients by time, day, and year of admission. The evaluation was limited to patients that were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke and with OAT of , 3 h. Medical and sociodemographic items, use of thrombolytic treatment, complications during clinical course and place of discharge were obtained. Clinical state on admission and discharge was assessed using the modified Rankin scale. Comparison with chi-square test, t -test and logistic regression was performed. Results:, Patient's characteristics, rate of thrombolysis, and outcome were independent from time or day of admission. Proportion of patients with good clinical state at discharge increased significantly from 2003 to 2006 together with a higher rate of rTPA treatment without increase of intracranial hemorrhage. Proportion of patients discharged in good clinical condition after rTPA treatment increased from 34% to 44%. Conclusions:, Stroke treatment in potential candidates for thrombolytic therapy revealed no impairment on weekend or at night already in 2003. During 4 years, it was possible to increase rate of rTPA treatment from 8.9% to 21.8% without increment of complications or death, confirming that rTPA is safe and can be implemented with full daily and weekly coverage. [source] The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioningEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 2 2005Henry H. Yin Abstract Considerable evidence suggests that, in instrumental conditioning, rats learn the relationship between actions and their specific consequences or outcomes. The present study examined the role of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in this type of learning after excitotoxic lesions and reversible, muscimol-induced inactivation. In three experiments, rats were first trained to press two levers for distinct outcomes, and then tested after training using a variety of behavioural assays that have been established to detect action-outcome learning. In Experiment 1, pre-training lesions of the posterior DMS abolished the sensitivity of rats' instrumental performance to both outcome devaluation and contingency degradation when tested in extinction, whereas lesions of the anterior DMS had no effect. In Experiment 2, both pre-training and post-training lesions of the posterior DMS were equally effective in reducing the sensitivity of performance both to devaluation and degradation treatments. In Experiment 3, the infusion of muscimol into the posterior DMS selectively abolished sensitivity of performance to devaluation and contingency degradation without impairing the ability of rats to discriminate either the instrumental actions performed or the identity of the earned outcomes. Taken together, these results suggest that the posterior region of the DMS is a crucial neural substrate for the acquisition and expression of action,outcome associations in instrumental conditioning. [source] The role of migrant networks in linking local labour markets: the case of Asian Indian migration to New York and LondonGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 3 2001Maritsa V. Poros Social networks have long been identified as crucial to migration flows and the economic behaviour of immigrants. Much of the literature on international migration and economic sociology specifically focuses on the role of interpersonal ties in influencing migration and economic action, such as finding employment. Using the case of Gujarati Indian migration to New York and London, the life histories of these immigrants illustrate that specific configurations of network ties result in different migration flows and occupational outcomes. These configurations include organizational, composite, and interpersonal ties that link local labour markets transnationally and channel immigrants to particular destinations and into particular occupations. The findings clarify the role and meaning of networks as they affect different types of migration and the occupational outcomes of migrants. The prominence of these network mechanisms also challenges the role of human capital in producing distinct outcomes for immigrants. [source] A Taxonomy of Equity FactorsJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Philip H. Siegel A perplexing problem with Adams' (1963) equity theory has been the difficulty associated with operationalizing requisite components, perceived employee inputs, and outcomes. This study, involving 352 respondents, produced empirically derived, two-dimensional taxonomies of inputs and outcomes, laying the foundation for identification of key variables. Specifically, the study summarizes a typology of 9 distinct employee inputs perceived as controllable by individuals, including effort, education, attendance, and cooperativeness. Conversely, the study summarizes a typology of 14 distinct outcomes along a continuum of 4 dimensions, including personalized vs. generalized and economic vs. noneconomic characteristics. These typologies and incumbent regression analysis provide insight into the complexities associated with inputs and outcomes in the context of equity theory. [source] Periodic spotted patterns in semi-arid vegetation explained by a propagation-inhibition modelJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2001P. Couteron Summary 1,Vegetation cover regularly punctuated by spots of bare soil is a frequent feature of certain semi-arid African landscapes, which are also characterized by banded vegetation patterns (i.e. tiger bush). 2,The propagation-inhibition (PI) model suggests that a periodic pattern characterized by a dominant wavelength can theoretically establish itself through a Turing-like spatial instability depending only on a trade-off between facilitative and competitive interactions among plants. Under strictly isotropic conditions, spotted and banded patterns are distinct outcomes of a unique process, whereas anisotropy leads to a banded structure. The model predicts that spotted patterns will have a lower dominant wavelength than bands. 3,We test some outcomes of the PI model against vegetation patterns observable in aerial photographs from West Africa. Two sites with rainfall of c. 500,600 mm year,1 were studied: a 525-ha plain in north-west Burkina Faso and a 300-ha plateau in southern Niger. Digitized photographs were subjected to spectral analysis by Fourier transform in order to quantify vegetation patterns in terms of dominant wavelengths and orientations. 4,Spotted vegetation proved highly periodic. The characteristic range of dominant wavelengths (30,50 m) was similar at two sites more than 500 km apart. The PI model suggests that spots may occur as a hexagonal lattice but there is little evidence of such patterning in the field. A dominant wavelength was far quicker to establish in simulations (c. 102,103 years for annual grasses) than a hexagonal symmetry (c. 105 years), and observed patterns are therefore likely to be far from the asymptotic structure. 5,Elongated and smudged spots that locally became flexuous bands have been observed in southern Niger. This pattern that had a dominant wavelength of 50 m but lacked any dominant orientation can be interpreted as a transition from spots to bands under fairly isotropic conditions. 6,The PI model provides a framework for further investigation of patterns in semi-arid vegetation and may be of a broader ecological application. [source] | ||||||||||