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Differing Roles (differing + role)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Informed choice and public health screening for children: the case of blood spot screening

HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 2 2005
Katrina M. Hargreaves BA BA (Hons) PhD
Abstract Objective, To examine parents' and health professionals' views on informed choice in newborn blood spot screening, and assess information and communication needs. Design and participants, A qualitative study involving semi-structured telephone interviews and focus groups with 47 parents of children who were either found to be affected or unaffected by the screened conditions, and 35 health professionals with differing roles in newborn blood spot screening programmes across the UK. Results and conclusions, Parents and health professionals recognize a tension between informed choice in newborn blood spot screening and public health screening for children. Some propose resolving this tension with more information and better communication, and some with rigorous dissent procedures. This paper argues that neither extensive parent information, nor a signed dissent model adequately address this tension. Instead, clear, brief and accurate parent information and effective communication between health professionals and parents, which take into account parents' information needs, are required, if informed choice and public health screening for children are to coexist successfully. [source]

Unraveling the Ivory Fabric: Institutional Obstacles to the Handling of Sexual Harassment Complaints

LAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 1 2000
Jennie Kihnley
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 make universities liable for sexual harassment that occurs within both the employment and academic contexts. This article examines how universities implement and enforce the mandates of both Title VII and Title IX through exploratory research about sexual harassment complaint procedures at a public university system on the West Coast. In-depth interviews with personnel at each campus shed light on problems with inserting a complaint resolution process into an institution that simultaneously strives to eliminate sexual harassment, while wanting to protect itself from liability. This inherent conflict of goals is reflected in the differing roles of the Title IX office and the Women's Resource Center, in creation of a user friendly policy, and in the two branches of dispute resolution. [source]

The CLAVATA1-related BAM1, BAM2 and BAM3 receptor kinase-like proteins are required for meristem function in Arabidopsis

THE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2006
Brody J. DeYoung
Summary Organ formation at shoot and flower meristems in plants requires the maintenance of a population of centrally located stem cells and the differentiation of peripherally located daughter cells. The CLAVATA (CLV) gene products in Arabidopsis, including the CLV1 receptor-kinase, regulate this process by promoting the differentiation of stem cells on the meristem flanks. Here, we have analyzed the developmental roles of the CLV1-related BAM1 (derived from barely any meristem 1), BAM2 and BAM3 receptor-like kinases. Loss-of-function alleles of these receptors lead to phenotypes consistent with the loss of stem cells at the shoot and flower meristem, suggesting that their developmental role is opposite to that of CLV1. These closely related receptors are further distinguished from CLV1, whose expression and function is highly specific, by having broad expression patterns and multiple developmental roles. These include a requirement for BAM1, BAM2 and BAM3 in the development of high-ordered vascular strands within the leaf and a correlated control of leaf shape, size and symmetry. In addition, BAM1, BAM2 and BAM3 are required for male gametophyte development, as well as ovule specification and function. Significantly, the differing roles of CLV1 and BAM receptors in meristem and organ development are largely driven by differences in expression patterns. [source]

Both Fc, and complement receptors mediate transfer of immune complexes from erythrocytes to human macrophages under physiological flow conditions in vitro

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
A. L. Hepburn
Summary Abnormal clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system of immune complexes (IC) is important in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have developed an in vitro model to investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in the transfer of soluble IC from erythrocytes to human macrophages under physiological flow conditions. In this assay, erythrocytes bearing fluorescently labelled IC are perfused over monolayers of human monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages in a parallel-plate flow chamber, and transfer quantified using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Using aggregated human IgG as a model IC, we have been able to demonstrate transfer of IC from erythrocytes to macrophages. Blocking studies with specific neutralizing antibodies have shown that both complement and Fc, receptors are required for IC transfer. Blockade of CR4 (,x,2 integrin), Fc,RIIa or Fc,RIII reduced transfer, while anti-CR3 (,m,2 integrin) had no effect. Blockade of CR3, Fc,RIIa or Fc,RIII also reduced the number of adhesive interactions between fluorescently labelled IC-bearing erythrocytes and macrophage monolayers. Taken together with the transfer data, this suggests differing roles for these receptors in the human IC transfer reaction that includes an adhesive function which facilitates IC processing by mononuclear phagocytes. Finally, a functional effect of the Fc,RIIa R131/H131 polymorphism, important in susceptibility to SLE, has also been demonstrated using this model. Uptake of IgG2 but not IgG1 -containing soluble IC was reduced by macrophages from individuals homozygous for the R131 allelic variant of the receptor. [source]