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Differing Responses (differing + response)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences28%
Life Sciences28%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting28%

Selected Abstracts

Stepped frequency ground-penetrating radar survey with a multi-element array antenna: Results from field application on archaeological sites,

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 3 2010
Neil Linford
Abstract A series of trial geophysical surveys were conducted with a 3d-Radar GeoScope ground-penetrating radar (GPR) utilizing a multi-element array antenna. This system offers the potential for rapid data acquisition at very high sample densities over a wide frequency bandwidth. Field tests, conducted over the Roman town at Silchester, Hampshire, UK, suggested that a revised antenna configuration was necessary to obtain optimum results from the system, which was then successfully deployed in the collection of over 5,ha of survey data at a sample density of 0.075,m,×,0.075,m. The wide area survey produced a wealth of archaeological detail to complement and expand upon the extensive record of excavation, aerial photography and other geophysical results. Initial trial surveys were conducted with a range of antenna arrays (B2431, B1831 and B1823) incorporating different sized elements to fully exploit the wide potential bandwidth of the system. However, the differing response of elements proved difficult to combine within a single data set and a marked increase in quality was obtained with the use of a prototype V1821 antenna array of identical sized elements. Some concerns remain regarding both the suitability of air-launched antenna arrays to certain site conditions, as one early survey visit to Silchester produced very poor results that remain unexplained, and the maximum penetration depth compared with an impulse GPR using ground-coupled antenna. © 2010 Crown copyright. [source]

Independent Movement or Government Subcontractor?

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2003
Strategic Responses of Voluntary Organizations to Institutional Processes
The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that can explain differing responses of voluntary organizations to the pressure of homogenization that follows from interaction with public authorities. The paper is theoretically based on institutional organization theory and resource dependence theory, and empirically on research on voluntary organizations in the social sector. It is asserted that the following factors may explain voluntary organizations' ability to maintain autonomous in relation to public organizations: the characteristics of the organizational field, the focal organization's relations to the dominating organization in the field, organization characteristics and intra,organizational processes and strategies. [source]

Clinical Stage, Therapy, and Prognosis in Canine Anal Sac Gland Carcinoma

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2007
Gerry A. Polton MA, MRCVS, MSc (Clin Onc), VetMB
Background:Reports of canine anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC) describe varied clinical presentations and management and differing responses to therapy. A unifying approach to clinical stage determination and management of this disease has yet to be presented. Hypothesis:An ordinal clinical staging scheme for canine ASGC can be devised on the basis of responses to therapy for a retrospective cohort of affected dogs. Animals:130 dogs with naturally occurring ASGC. Methods:A simplified clinical stage system and a management algorithm for canine ASGC were derived from retrospective evaluation of a cohort of 80 dogs; applicability of both was then prospectively evaluated in a cohort of 50 dogs. Results:Retrospective evaluation revealed 4 statistically significant negative prognostic indicators for survival: lack of therapy, presence of distant metastases, presence of lymph node metastases, and primary tumor size. Lymph node extirpation was a statistically significant positive prognostic indicator by bivariate analysis. In both retrospective and prospective analyses, the modified clinical stage scheme revealed a significant association with survival time. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The clinical staging scheme permits differentiation between groups in terms of prognosis and, therefore, decisions on therapy. This will facilitate application of appropriate therapy and enhanced communication and collaboration in further investigations of ASGC. [source]

Photosynthesis and Photoprotection in Overwintering Plants

PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
W. W. Adams III
Abstract: Seasonal differences in the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, leaf pigment composition, xanthophyll cycle characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence emission were investigated in two biennial mesophytes (Malva neglecta and Verbascum thapsus) that grow in full sunlight, and in leaves/needles of sun and shade populations of several broad-leafed evergreens and conifers (Vinca minor, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Mahonia repens, Pseudotsuga menziesii [Douglas fir], and Pinus ponderosa). Both mesophytic species maintained or upregulated photosynthetic capacity in the winter and exhibited no upregulation of photoprotection. In contrast, photosynthetic capacity was downregulated in sun leaves/needles of V. minor, Douglas fir, and Ponderosa pine, and even in shade needles of Douglas fir. Interestingly, photosynthetic capacity was upregulated during the winter in shade leaves/needles of V. minor, Ponderosa pine and Euonymus kiautschovicus. Nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, and their sustained engagement in a state primed for energy dissipation, were observed largely in the leaves/needles of sun-exposed evergreen species during winter. Factors that may contribute to these differing responses to winter stress, including chloroplast redox state, the relative levels of source and sink activity at the whole plant level, and apoplastic versus symplastic phloem loading, are discussed. [source]

Shifting the goal posts for design management in capital goods projects: ,design for maintainability'

R & D MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2003
Chris J. Ivory
Two case studies of capital goods projects, both of which were faced with new forms of demand for their products, are reported in this paper. In both cases, the contracting organisations involved were adjusting to new customer requirements for the long-term provision of the services associated with the capital goods they normally produced, rather than for the capital goods themselves. While both contracting organisations recognised the need to re-focus their equipment design efforts, to reflect the need for long-term service reliability (both contracting organisations were tied to penalties associated with agreed service levels), they nevertheless responded differently to this challenge, and their differing responses reflected the differing natures of the extended networks which comprised both projects and the organisational architectures in which the projects were themselves embedded. The paper explores the differing opportunities and barriers to the management of design in complex projects presented by these two case studies. In so doing it points to the conclusion that successful design management in complex projects can depend upon the successful management of the (multiple) contexts in which design takes place. [source]

Arabidopsis myrosinases TGG1 and TGG2 have redundant function in glucosinolate breakdown and insect defense

THE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006
Carina Barth
Summary In Arabidopsis and other Brassicaceae, the enzyme myrosinase (, -thioglucoside glucohydrolase, TGG) degrades glucosinolates to produce toxins that deter herbivory. A broadly applicable selection for meiotic recombination between tightly linked T-DNA insertions was developed to generate Arabidopsis tgg1tgg2 double mutants and study myrosinase function. Glucosinolate breakdown in crushed leaves of tgg1 or tgg2 single mutants was comparable to that of wild-type, indicating redundant enzyme function. In contrast, leaf extracts of tgg1tgg2 double mutants had undetectable myrosinase activity in vitro, and damage-induced breakdown of endogenous glucosinolates was apparently absent for aliphatic and greatly slowed for indole glucosinolates. Maturing leaves of myrosinase mutants had significantly increased glucosinolate levels. However, developmental decreases in glucosinolate content during senescence and germination were unaffected, showing that these processes occur independently of TGG1 and TGG2. Insect herbivores with different host plant preferences and feeding styles varied in their responses to myrosinase mutations. Weight gain of two Lepidoptera, the generalist Trichoplusia ni and the facultative Solanaceae-specialist Manduca sexta, was significantly increased on tgg1tgg2 double mutants. Two crucifer-specialist Lepidoptera had differing responses. Whereas Plutella xylostella was unaffected by myrosinase mutations, Pieris rapae performed better on wild-type, perhaps due to reduced feeding stimulants in tgg1tgg2 mutants. Reproduction of two Homoptera, Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae, was unaffected by myrosinase mutations. [source]

Equivalent Outcomes for Pediatric Heart Transplantation Recipients: ABO-Blood Group Incompatible versus ABO-Compatible

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010
A. I. Dipchand
ABO-blood group incompatible infant heart transplantation has had excellent short-term outcomes. Uncertainties about long-term outcomes have been a barrier to the adoption of this strategy worldwide. We report a nonrandomized comparison of clinical outcomes over 10 years of the largest cohort of ABO-incompatible recipients. ABO-incompatible (n = 35) and ABO-compatible (n = 45) infant heart transplantation recipients (,14 months old, 1996,2006) showed no important differences in pretransplantation characteristics. There was no difference in incidence of and time to moderate acute cellular rejection. Despite either the presence (seven patients) or development (eight patients) of donor-specific antibodies against blood group antigens, in only two ABO-incompatible patients were these antibodies implicated in antibody-mediated rejection (which occurred early posttransplantation, was easily managed and did not recur in follow-up). Occurrence of graft vasculopathy (11%), malignancy (11%) and freedom from severe renal dysfunction were identical in both groups. Survival was identical (74% at 7 years posttransplantation). ABO-blood group incompatible heart transplantation has excellent outcomes that are indistinguishable from those of the ABO-compatible population and there is no clinical justification for withholding this lifesaving strategy from all infants listed for heart transplantation. Further studies into observed differing responses in the development of donor-specific isohemagglutinins and the implications for graft accommodation are warranted. [source]