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Differing Rates (differing + rate)
Selected AbstractsCerebral palsy and newborn care: I, II, and III (1981)DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 12 2008Fiona Stanley MD Another in our series of commentaries on notable papers from the DMCN archives. The full papers are available at http://www.mackeith.co.uk Kiely JL, Paneth N, Stein Z, Susser M. Cerebral palsy and newborn care. I: Secular trends in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981; 23: 533,38. Kiely JL, Paneth N, Stein Z, Susser M. Cerebral palsy and newborn care. II: Mortality and neurological impairment in low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981; 23: 650,59. Kiely JL, Paneth N, Stein Z, Susser M. Cerebral palsy and newborn care. III: Estimated prevalence rates of cerebral palsy under differing rates of mortality and impairment of low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981; 23: 801,07. [source] Paraoxonase activity in two healthy populations with differing rates of coronary heart diseaseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 1 2000Mackness Background The rate of coronary heart disease is over three-fold greater in Belfast than in Toulouse and the excess risk cannot be totally explained by ,classical' risk factors such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, smoking, etc. Design The effect of the human serum paraoxonase (PON1) 192-genetic polymorphism on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on PON1 activity and concentration was investigated in 186 randomly selected healthy subjects from Toulouse and 165 from Belfast. Results The frequency of the R allele of PON1, which has been related to the risk of coronary heart disease, was significantly higher in Belfast (0.33) than in Toulouse (0.24; ,2 = 7.229, P = 0.0072). Subjects from Belfast also had significantly higher serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B, and significantly lower HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1, but these lipoprotein parameters were independent of the PON1 192-polymorphisms. PON1 activity towards paraoxon was significantly higher in the Belfast population than in Toulouse (median values: 179.7 vs. 129.4 nmol min,1 mL,1 serum, respectively; P < 0.05), which is consistent with our finding of a greater prevalence of the R allele. The median serum concentration of PON1 was 56.3 ,g mL,1 in Belfast, which was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the level of 71 ,g mL,1 in Toulouse. Conclusions Our results thus provide further support for the hypothesis that populations at increased CHD risk have diminished serum PON1 concentration and an increased prevalence of the R allele of PON1. They are also consistent with reports that the ability of PON1 to hydrolyse paraoxon is inversely related to its capacity to hydrolyse lipid-peroxides, and thus to its antiatherogenic action. [source] Monitoring of cardiac function by serum cardiac troponin T levels, ventricular repolarisation indices, and echocardiography after conditioning with fractionated total body irradiation and high-dose cyclophosphamideEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2002H.W. Auner Abstract:Objectives : Highly differing rates of cardiac complications associated with high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) have been reported, and only one clinical study has been performed on the cardiotoxic effects of CY monotherapy following total body irradiation (TBI). Patients and methods : We prospectively evaluated the potential cardiotoxic effects of conditioning with fractionated total body irradiation and high-dose cyclophosphamide (TBI/CY) by serial measurement of serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT), assessment of systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters and analysis of ventricular repolarisation indices (QT-dispersion and corrected QT-dispersion) in 30 adult patients with haematological malignancies undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Results: There was no evidence of pretreatment cardiac dysfunction in any patient. Although cTnT was determined serially for a median of 14 d after completion of conditioning, no elevated levels were observed. Echocardiographic parameters did not show any significant change at a median follow-up of 5 months except for one patient with evidence of impaired diastolic filling. No significant differences for mean values before and after high-dose CY were noted for ventricular repolarisation indices. Two patients had a significant increase in corrected QT-dispersion after CY without any other signs of cardiotoxicity. Congestive heart failure or arrythmias were not observed. Conclusions : These data suggest that TBI/CY is safe with respect to cardiotoxicity in patients without pre-existing cardiac dysfunction. Hitherto unknown synergistic cardiotoxic effects of CY with other cytostatic drugs may constitute the major pathogenic factor of myocardial dysfunction after high-dose chemotherapy. [source] New method of purification for establishing primary cultures of ensheathing cells from the adult olfactory bulb,GLIA, Issue 2 2001Holly H. Nash Abstract Ensheathing cells exclusively enfold olfactory axons. The ability of olfactory axons to reinnervate the adult mammalian olfactory bulb throughout the lifetime of an organism is believed to result from the presence of this unique glial cell in the olfactory system. This theory has been substantiated by research demonstrating the ability of transplanted ensheathing cells to promote axonal regrowth in areas of the central nervous system that are normally nonpermissive. A simple method for purifying ensheathing cells resulting in a large yield of cells is therefore invaluable for transplantation studies. We have developed such a method based on the differing rates of attachment of the various harvested cell types. The greatest percentage of cells (70.4%) that attached during the first step of the separation was determined to be fibroblasts. The remainder of the cells were classified as astrocytes (20.8%) and ensheathing cells (6.8%). The percentage of attached astrocytes (67.6%) was greatly increased during the second purification step while the percentage of fibroblasts decreased greatly (27.9%) and the percentage of ensheathing cells (5.3%) slightly decreased. In the final cultures, 93.2 % of the attached cells were ensheathing cells, while astrocytes (5.9%) and fibroblasts (1.4%) were only minor components. This simple, inexpensive method of purifying ensheathing cells will facilitate their use in central nervous system regeneration research. GLIA 34:81,87, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Assessment of infant physiology and neuronal development using magnetic resonance imagingCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2002B. Morgan Abstract Previous work has demonstrated both that there are substantial individual differences in the rate of physiological development, and that infants with risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) develop more slowly, suggesting that their increased vulnerability may be due to delayed neuronal development associated with compromised development in fetal or early neonatal life. This project aims to test the hypothesis that individual differences in the rate of physiological development of infants correlate with measurable differences in the rate of brain development as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixty infants were recruited to this study in three different groups that are known to have differing rates of physiological development. MRI was performed successfully in 49 cases at 6 weeks of age without sedation. Forty-one of these cases had full follow-up (15 normal; 19 IUGR; 11 ,high risk'). Postnatal physiological development was assessed by measuring age-related deep body temperature patterns during sleep. Neuronal development was assessed by subjective analysis of MRI images and objective measurements relating to myelination using T1 and diffusion weighted (23 cases) MRI images. As expected the normal group acquired the adult temperature pattern earlier, but this was not statistically significant. All MRI scan appearances were within normal limits. Ranking cases subjectively in order of maturity revealed no significant pattern. The normal group had a significantly higher myelination score than the IUGR and ,high risk' groups (P = 0.001). This trend was also shown by the diffusion weighted myelination score but did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were seen in both the subjective and objective MRI measurements and development of nocturnal temperature patterns. The results suggest there may be differences in neurodevelopment between the different groups at 6 weeks of age but these are not linked to late development of temperature patterns. It is therefore unlikely that this related to a global delay in maturation. [source] | ||||||||||