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Different Population Groups (different + population_groups)
Selected AbstractsY-Chromosome STR Haplotypes in Three Different Population Groups From Ecuador (South America)JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 2 2008Fabricio González-Andrade M.D., Ph.D. Populations:, Over 102 unrelated Mestizos, 102 Native Amerindian (Kichwas), and 102 African Americans who represent the three largest communities of the country Ecuador (South America). [source] Brief alcohol intervention,where to from here?ADDICTION, Issue 6 2010Challenges remain for research, practice ABSTRACT Brief intervention (BI) is intended as an early intervention for non-treatment-seeking, non-alcohol-dependent, hazardous and harmful drinkers. This text provides a brief summary of key BI research findings from the last three decades and discusses a number of knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Five areas are described: patient intervention efficacy and effectiveness; barriers to BI implementation by health professionals; individual-level factors that impact on BI implementation; organization-level factors that impact on BI implementation; and society-level factors that impact on BI implementation. BI research has focused largely upon the individual patient and health professional levels, with the main focus upon primary health care research, and studies are lacking in other settings. However, research must, to a larger degree, take into account the organizational and wider context in which BI occurs, as well as interaction between factors at different levels, in order to advance the understanding of how wider implementation of BI can be achieved in various settings and how different population groups can be reached. It is also important to expand BI research beyond its current parameters to investigate more ambitious long-term educational programmes and new organizational models. More widespread implementation of BI will require many different interventions (efforts, actions, initiatives, etc.) at different interlinked levels, from implementation interventions targeting individual health professionals' knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours concerning alcohol issues, BI and behaviour change counselling to efforts at the organizational and societal levels that influence the conditions for delivering BI as part of routine health care. [source] Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Northern GreeceINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008G. Ntaios Abstract Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency affects more than 400 million persons worldwide. Its distribution varies significantly among different geographic regions and different population groups. Purpose of our study was to estimate its prevalence in Northern Greece. The dataset comprised 5161 newborns and adults who were screened for G6PD deficiency between July 2001 and March 2007. G6PD deficiency was detected by the dye reduction method. In the screened group, 6.3% of subjects were G6PD deficient. Moderate enzyme deficiency was shown in 139 individuals (2.7%). Complete deficiency was identified in 3.7%. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Northern Greece is much higher compared with the general Greek population. Moreover, G6PD prevalence in the male sex is much higher , almost double , that in the female sex. [source] Underestimation and overestimation of personal weight status: associations with socio-demographic characteristics and weight maintenance intentionsJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 4 2006J. Brug Abstract Objective, Unwarranted underestimation and overestimation of personal weight status may prevent weight maintenance behaviour. The present study reports on correlates of under- and overestimation of personal weight status and the association with weight maintenance intentions and self-reported action. Design, Comparison of three cross-sectional surveys, representing different population groups. Subjects, Survey 1: 1694 adolescents 13,19 years of age; survey 2: 979 nonobese adults 25,35 years of age; survey 3: 617 adults 21,62 years of age. Measurements, Self-administered written questionnaires (surveys 1 and 3) and telephone-administered questionnaires (survey 2); self-reported BMI, self-rated weight status, intentions and self-reported actions to avoid weight gain or to lose weight, sex, age, education and ethnic background. Respondents were classified as people who are realistic about personal body weight status or people who under- and overestimate their body weight status, based on BMI and self-rated weight status. Results, Most respondents in the three survey populations were realistic about their weight status. Overestimation of weight status was consistently more likely among women, whereas underestimation was more likely among men, older respondents and respondents from ethnic minorities. Self-rated weight status was a stronger correlate of intentions and self-report actions to avoid weight gain than weight status based on Body Mass Index. Conclusions, Relevant proportions of the study populations underestimated or overestimated their bodyweight status. Overestimation of personal weight status may lead to unwarranted weight maintenance actions, whereas underestimation may result in lack of motivation to avoid further weight gain. [source] Symptomatic infant characteristics of congenital cytomegalovirus disease in AustraliaJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 8 2005Sian C Munro Background: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of viral intrauterine infection. In utero transmission can occur during primary maternal infection, reactivation or reinfection of seropositive mothers. Objective: To describe the aetiology and clinical features of infants diagnosed with congenital CMV and to document maternal factors that were presented. Methods: Active national surveillance was initiated in 1999 in collaboration with the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Results: Monthly notifications resulted in 70 cases of congenital CMV being identified between 1999 and 2003. Nearly all of the cases were symptomatic with the most common clinical sequelae reported in infected infants being jaundice, thrombocytopaenia, hepatomegaly, petechiae, purpura and splenomegaly. Almost half (43.5%) of the infants had central nervous system (CNS) complications, such as microcephaly, chorioretinitis, sensorineural hearing loss, intracranial calcifications, developmental delay or seizures, with over half presenting two or more CNS abnormalities. Maternal febrile illness was noted in 54.8% of the cases. The majority of mothers were primiparous (46.4%) or secundiparous (39.3%), indicating two different population groups at risk of primary CMV infection. Conclusion: This study documents symptomatic congenital CMV cases in Australia. [source] Early intervention in psychosis: a rural perspectiveJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 2 2007M. KELLY rmn dip ma Over the past decade, there has been great interest in both the development and delivery of early intervention in psychosis services in the United Kingdom, supported by national policy and a Policy Implementation Guide (PIG). Despite this, the PIG fails to distinguish the delivery of early intervention services to different population groups. The paper aims to augment available literature with the range of complex issues that practitioners may face when working in rural settings and link this to the development of early intervention services in rural communities. This paper will also outline some of the fundamental factors that challenge delivery of early intervention to individuals with a first episode of psychosis and their families in rural communities. Important key areas for consideration will be highlighted for both the planning and delivery of early intervention to rural communities. [source] The Effects of Nuts on Coronary Heart Disease RiskNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 4 2001Penny M. Kris-Etherton Ph.D. Epidemiologic studies have consistently demonstrated beneficial effects of nut consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality in different population groups. Clinical studies have reported total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of heart-healthy diets that contain various nuts or legume peanuts. It is evident that the favorable fatty acid profile of nuts (high in unsaturated fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids) contributes to cholesterol lowering and, hence, CHD risk reduction. Dietary fiber and other bioactive constituents in nuts may confer additional cardioprotective effects. [source] The frequency of absence of palmaris longus in a South African population of mixed raceCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2010Robert Ndou Abstract The palmaris longus (PL) is a weak flexor of the wrist that may be harvested as a tendon graft and used in surgical procedures for reconstructive purposes. The PL is congenitally absent in 15% of the worldwide population. However, the frequency of absence varies considerably among different population groups, being as high as 63.9% in the Turkish population and as low as 3% in the black population in the Republic of Congo. In this study, South African persons of mixed race (n = 201) were assessed by two anatomists for the presence of the PL tendon using three clinical tests, namely the Traditional Test, Mishra's Test II, and the Gangata Test. The most reliable of the three tests used was determined using Kendall's coefficient of concordance. Of the total number of subjects used, 11.5% had absence (either bilaterally or unilaterally) of the PL tendon. There was a 5.5% bilateral absence of the PL. The study revealed that the PL tendon may present in six different patterns according to the clinical assessment tests applied, the presence or absence of the PL alongside the flexor capi radialis, and the degree of prominence of PL, if present. Using the Kendall's coefficient of concordance, the Mishra's Test II, and the Gangata Test, both involving abduction of the thumb, were found to be most effective in revealing the PL. The frequency of absence of the PL in South Africans of mixed race has been determined. Clin. Anat. 23:437,442, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||