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Different Perspectives (different + perspective)
Selected AbstractsThe Future of Search: A Different PerspectiveDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Stephen P. Anderson Vice President The mission at Viewzi is to dramatically improve the search experience. But, as Stephen Anderson explains, that doesn't mean developing a better search engine; rather, it means developing a better way to view search results. The results are a series of custom-tailored scenes whose look and feel change depending on the intent of the search. It's an impressive innovation that promises to reshape the Internet landscape. [source] In Vitro Selection of Self-Interacting Transmembrane Segments--Membrane Proteins Approached from a Different PerspectiveIUBMB LIFE, Issue 3 2002Dieter Langosch Abstract The principles underlying the folding of integral membrane proteins are uncovered in an increasingly detailed way. Experimental determination of high-resolution structures followed by analysis of packing reveal structural similarities as well as differences to soluble globular proteins. At the same time, protein/protein interactions at the level of membrane-embedded domains have been investigated for different model proteins. More recently, self-interacting transmembrane helices have been selected from combinatorial libraries in vitro to study the mechanistic basis of protein/protein interaction in membranes in a systematic way. With an emphasis on the latter approach, this review discusses insights emerging from an integrated view on the recent advances. [source] Strategic Entrepreneurship: Exploring Different Perspectives of an Emerging ConceptENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Donald F. Kuratko Within the entrepreneurship and strategic management domains there has been a movement by scholars to combine certain aspects of both areas to create a new concept of strategic entrepreneurship. To date, however, there remains much to know about what constitutes this concept. This special issue is the result of a unique research conference in Germany where some of the world's most renowned scholars gathered to explore this concept in depth. The set of articles in this special issue examine different perspectives that relate to strategic entrepreneurship and we believe contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this concept by examining diverse scholarly topics. This introduction provides the overview of the perspectives contained in strategic entrepreneurship and argues for the importance of embracing diverse views at this stage rather than attempting to restrict the analysis of this emerging topic. [source] Integrating Different Perspectives on Socialization Theory and Research: A Domain-Specific ApproachCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2010Joan E. Grusec There are several different theoretical and research approaches to the study of socialization, characterized by frequently competing basic tenets and apparently contradictory evidence. As a way of integrating approaches and understanding discrepancies, it is proposed that socialization processes be viewed from a domain perspective, with each domain characterized by a particular form of social interaction between the object and agent of socialization and by specific socialization mechanisms and outcomes. It is argued that this approach requires researchers to identify the domain of social interaction they are investigating, to understand that phenotypically similar behaviors may belong to different domains, and to acknowledge that caregivers who are effective in one type of interaction may not be effective in another. [source] Are Fundamentals Priced in the Bond Market?,CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003Inder K. Khurana Abstract To date, the discussion of the Lev and Thiagarajan 1993 fundamentals in the prior literature has been exclusively in the context of the stock market. Our study is the first to examine the value-relevance of these fundamentals for default risk. By focusing on the market for new bond issues, we examine the value-relevance of the fundamental score using expected rather than realized returns. Also, by focusing on the bond market we provide a different perspective than that brought by prior studies relying solely on stock prices. We find the fundamentals to be priced in the market for new bond issues as indicators of expected future earnings and to be value-relevant in enabling the market to discern differences in bond credit quality over and above the published bond ratings. [source] THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF EXECUTIONS ON HOMICIDES: DETERRENCE, DISPLACEMENT, OR BOTH?,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 4 2009KENNETH C. LAND Does the death penalty save lives? In recent years, a new round of research has been using annual time-series panel data from the 50 U.S. states for 25 or so years from the 1970s to the late 1990s that claims to find many lives saved through reductions in subsequent homicide rates after executions. This research, in turn, has produced a round of critiques, which concludes that these findings are not robust enough to model even small changes in specifications that yield dramatically different results. A principal reason for this sensitivity of the findings is that few state-years exist (about 1 percent of all state-years) in which six or more executions have occurred. To provide a different perspective, we focus on Texas, a state that has used the death penalty with sufficient frequency to make possible relatively stable estimates of the homicide response to executions. In addition, we narrow the observation intervals for recording executions and homicides from the annual calendar year to monthly intervals. Based on time-series analyses and independent-validation tests, our best-fitting model shows that, from January 1994 through December 2005, evidence exists of modest, short-term reductions in homicides in Texas in the first and fourth months that follow an execution,about 2.5 fewer homicides total. Another model suggests, however, that in addition to homicide reductions, some displacement of homicides may be possible from one month to another in the months after an execution, which reduces the total reduction in homicides after an execution to about .5 during a 12-month period. Implications for additional research and the need for future analysis and replication are discussed. [source] The sleep of co-sleeping infants when they are not co-sleeping: Evidence that co-sleeping is stressfulDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Melissa Hunsley Abstract Co-sleeping proponents consider the practice to be "natural" and a potential protection against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); others consider the practice of an infant sleeping in the parents' bed for prolonged periods at night to place an infant at risk for harm or death. For this study, co-sleeping was investigated from a different perspective, that is, as a significant early experience to investigate as it may have implications for the infant's development. The sleep of 101 normal, full-term infants was recorded nonintrusively in the home for 24 hr periods when they were 5 weeks and 6 months old. Infants were assigned to three groups: short-term co-sleepers, long-term co-sleepers, and non-co-sleepers. Their sleep states and wakefulness were compared at the two ages and over age. At 5 weeks and 6 months, the long-term co-sleeping infants differed significantly from the non-co-sleepers on a number of measures: At 5 weeks, they showed more quiet sleep and longer bouts of quiet sleep; and at 6 months, they also showed less active sleep, fewer arousals in active sleep, and less wakefulness. Each of these differences indicates a markedly lower arousal level in the long-term co-sleeping infants. This sleep pattern has been repeatedly found to be an indicator of stress. We infer that a major source of stress for these infants is the experience of sleep disturbance documented for infants when they were co-sleeping. Based on extensive evidence for long-term effects of early stress, we conclude that co-sleeping should have significant implications for infants' neurobehavioral development. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 14,22, 2002 [source] Rejoinder: Evaluating Standard Setting Methods Using Error Models Proposed by SchulzEDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 3 2006Mark D. Reckase Schulz (2006)provides a different perspective on standard setting than that provided in Reckase (2006). He also suggests a modification to the bookmark procedure and some alternative models for errors in panelists' judgments than those provided by Reckase. This article provides a response to some of the points made by Schulz and reports some additional analyses of the bookmark and modified Angoff method using the suggestions made by Schulz. The results support considering a range of items when placing a bookmark using that method and they show that the regression of panelists' probability of correct response estimates toward .5 can have serious effects on the recovery of intended cut scores. The complexity of the standard setting processes, and the need for detailed descriptions of standard setting processes are also discussed. [source] Is informed choice in genetic testing a different breed of informed decision-making?HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 2 2001A discussion paper Traditionally genetic counselling has promoted a non-directive approach to patients' decision-making but the feasibility of this has been questioned. Unlike most branches of medicine, which are shifting away from a paternalistic model, genetic counselling is approaching shared decision-making from a different perspective. There are certain features of genetic counselling and genetic testing which may complicate the drive towards shared decision-making and informed choice: 1. Genetic test results can have broader implications than non-genetic test results. 2. Genetic test results may be perceived by the patient differently to non-genetic test results. 3. Carrier status for autosomal recessive conditions may be difficult for patients to conceptualize. 4. Decisions in genetic counselling are often multiple and sequential. 5. Most information in genetic counselling is based on probabilities and uncertainties. Each of these features is discussed in relation to achieving shared decision-making in genetic testing and the implications for genetic counsellors are described. The points raised, however, have broader implications for medicine as several of the features, although central to genetic testing, are not entirely unique. Lessons learnt from genetic testing and genetic counselling in achieving shared decision-making could help develop methods of promoting informed choice in other medical arenas such as cancer screening. [source] The Conservation of Industrial Remains as a Source of Individuation and SocializationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007YUCEL CAN SEVERCAN Abstract The disappearance of public spaces from the urban realm is a sign of the de-individuation and asocialization of the modern individual. However, cities still provide important tools for reclaiming our lost public life. The aim of this essay is to approach industrial heritage, usually considered a conservation issue, from a different perspective, as a tool for individuation and socialization. In order to do this, we start by describing the effects of capitalism and globalization on public open spaces, and then link this to governments' privatization policies for industrial heritage. We show how industrial landscapes could function as public spaces. Finally, we explain how, in the absence of other public open spaces, industrial landscapes could be used for public purposes to meet the social needs of humans, and could thus be instrumental in the proliferation of our rituals. Résumé La disparition des espaces publics de la sphère urbaine reflète la désindividuation et l'associalisation de l'individu moderne. Pourtant, les villes procurent encore d'importants outils de revendication de notre vie publique perdue. Ce travail envisage le patrimoine industriel, non pas dans la perspective conservatrice habituelle, mais comme un outil en faveur de l'individuation et de la socialisation. Pour ce faire, nous décrivons d'abord les effets du capitalisme et de la mondialisation sur les espaces ouverts publics, puis les associons aux politiques de privatisation des gouvernements en faveur du patrimoine industriel. Nous montrons comment les paysages industriels pourraient opérer en tant qu'espaces publics. Enfin, nous expliquons comment, en l'absence d'autres espaces ouverts publics, les paysages industriels pourraient servir à des fins publiques pour répondre aux besoins sociaux des hommes et contribuer ainsi à la propagation de nos rituels. [source] Burnout contagion among intensive care nursesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2005Arnold B. Bakker PhD Aim., This paper reports a study investigating whether burnout is contagious. Background., Burnout has been recognized as a problem in intensive care units for a long time. Previous research has focused primarily on its organizational antecedents, such as excessive workload or high patient care demands, time pressure and intensive use of sophisticated technology. The present study took a totally different perspective by hypothesizing that , in intensive care units , burnout is communicated from one nurse to another. Methods., A questionnaire on work and well-being was completed by 1849 intensive care unit nurses working in one of 80 intensive care units in 12 different European countries in 1994. The results are being reported now because they formed part of a larger study that was only finally analysed recently. The questionnaire was translated from English to the language of each of these countries, and then back-translated to English. Respondents indicated the prevalence of burnout among their colleagues, and completed scales to assess working conditions and job burnout. Results., Analysis of variance indicated that the between-unit variance on a measure of perceived burnout complaints among colleagues was statistically significant and substantially larger than the within-unit variance. This implies that there is considerable agreement (consensus) within intensive care units regarding the prevalence of burnout. In addition, the results of multilevel analyses showed that burnout complaints among colleagues in intensive care units made a statistically significant and unique contribution to explaining variance in individual nurses' and whole units' experiences of burnout, i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Moreover, for both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, perceived burnout complaints among colleagues was the most important predictor of burnout at the individual and unit levels, even after controlling for the impact of well-known organizational stressors as conceptualized in the demand-control model. Conclusion., Burnout is contagious: it may cross over from one nurse to another. [source] The Role of Risk Management and Governance in Determining Audit DemandJOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 9-10 2006W. Robert Knechel Abstract:, Most prior research into audit fees has been based on a theoretical model which treats audit fees as the by-product of a production function ignoring potential demand forces that may drive the level of the audit fee. Inspired by prior ,anomalous' results, we take a different perspective by focusing on demand factors that may affect the level of the audit fee. Using data collected from a sample of listed companies in Belgium, we consider both disclosures about risk and risk management and actual decisions about corporate governance to examine whether audit fees are higher when these demand forces exist. In general, we expect that external auditing will increase in situations where there are multiple stakeholders with individual risk profiles who can shift some of the cost of monitoring to other stakeholders. Consistent with our theory and expectations, our results indicate that audit fees are higher when a company has an audit committee, discloses a relatively high level of financial risk management, and has a larger proportion of independent Board Members. Audit fees are lower when a company discloses a relatively high level of compliance risk management. The latter result indicates that controls are only complementary as long as they are voluntary, as mandated controls act as substitutes for non-mandated controls. [source] Communicating and judging the quality of qualitative research: the need for a new languageJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 3 2003S. A. Fade Abstract Background Traditionally UK dietitians have tended to take a more quantitative approach to research. Qualitative research which gives an in-depth view of people's experiences and beliefs is also now being used to help answer some important dietetic research questions. Review A review of the limited number of qualitative research papers in the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 1990,2002 (nine papers in all), revealed a lack of specific discussion of the quality strategies commonly used in qualitative research. This could indicate a less than robust approach, but might also reflect a different perspective on quality, or simply the difficulties associated with disseminating qualitative research to a profession whose members lack familiarity with the language. The fact that qualitative research seems to be used rarely may also indicate a poor understanding of its role. Purpose of this paper This paper seeks to clarify the potential role of qualitative research and draws on previously published guidelines for demonstrating quality. It is hoped that this will offer dietitians a framework for carrying out qualitative research and a language for reporting it, as well acting as a stimulus for discussion. [source] The knowledge-intensive company and the economy of sharing: rethinking utility and knowledge managementKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 4 2002Alexander Styhre Knowledge-intensive organizations are based on their capability of making use of intangible, intellectual resources and assets. As opposed to preceding economic regimes, the post- industrial society is to a lesser extent dependent on production factors that are subject to scarcity. Instead, knowledge tends to grow rather than being consumed as it is shared with others. When examining the practices of knowledge-intensive companies, an ethics of sharing underlying to the use of all knowledge needs to be recognized. Rather than conceiving of knowledge as being an organizational resource that is derived from previous economic regimes, the analysis of knowledge needs to be grounded in a different perspective. This paper is an attempt to formulate such a perspective on knowledge-intensive organizations as being based on sharing rather than exploitation. The argument is supported by an empirical study of a pharmaceutical company wherein the distribution of knowledge across project teams, communities of practice and individuals was of key strategic interest. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Beyond the Test: L2 Dynamic Assessment and the Transcendence of Mediated LearningMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007MATTHEW E. POEHNER A major preoccupation in assessment is connecting examinees' performance in assessment and nonassessment contexts. This preoccupation has traditionally been framed in terms of generalizability. This article reconceptualizes this problem from a qualitatively different perspective on human abilities and their development, namely, the Sociocultural Theory of Mind outlined in the work of Vygotsky (1986, 1998). From this perspective, assessment occurs not in isolation from instruction but as an inseparable feature of it. Assessment and instruction are dialectically integrated as a single activity that seeks to understand development by actively promoting it. This pedagogical approach, known as Dynamic Assessment (DA), challenges the widespread acceptance of independent performance as the privileged indicator of individuals' abilities and calls for assessors to abandon their role as observers of learner behavior in favor of a commitment to joint problem solving aimed at supporting learner development. In DA, the traditional goal of producing generalizations from a snapshot of performance is replaced by ongoing intervention in development. Following Vygtosky's argument that true development goes beyond improvement on a given assessment task, DA practitioners have devised a method known as transcendence (TR), in which they collaborate with learners on increasingly complex tasks. In this article, transcendence in the second language (L2) domain is illustrated with examples of advanced learners of French composing oral narratives with support from a mediator. The article concludes with recommendations for future research on TR in L2 development. [source] Domesticating Imperialism: Sexual Politics and the Archaeology of EmpireAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2008BARBARA L. VOSS ABSTRACT, The archaeology of empire is permeated by sexual narratives. This has been especially true of archaeological research on the Spanish Americas, where the material remains of colonial settlements have often been interpreted as products of a literal and figurative marriage between two cultures. However, investigating colonization as a consensual domestic arrangement has masked the ways in which imperial projects relied on the exercise of power, including sexual regulations and sexual coercion. Recent archaeological and ethnohistoric research at the Spanish-colonial military settlement of El Presidio de San Francisco affords a different perspective, one in which the public and institutional exercise of sexual control was central to the imperial project. [source] STREET-LEVEL BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITYPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2 2007PETER HUPE The concept of ,street-level bureaucracy' was coined by Michael Lipsky (1980) as the common denominator for what would become a scholarly theme. Since then his stress on the relative autonomy of professionals has been complemented by the insight that they are working in a micro-network of relations, in varying contexts. The conception of ,governance' adds a particular aspect to this: the multi-dimensional character of a policy system as a nested sequence of decisions. Combining these views casts a different perspective on the ways street-level bureaucrats are held accountable. In this article some axiomatic assumptions are drawn from the existing literature on the theme of street-level bureaucracy and on the conception of governance. Acknowledging variety, and arguing for contextualized research, this results in a rethinking of the issue of accountability at the street level. [source] Future Uncertainty as a Challenge to Law's Programmes: The Dilemma of Parental DisputesTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 4 2000Michael King The article poses the problem of the need for judges to make ,right' decisions. It then describes how judges have attempted to meet this requirement in difficult cases concerning parental disputes over contact with children where there have been allegations of domestic violence. Applying Luhmann's concepts of the legal system, law's function, law's coding and law's programmes (Das Recht der Gesellschaft (Society's Law) 1997), offers a very different perspective on the issue to that of the judiciary or legal commentators who tend to see the issue of the law, determining, with expert help, what is best for the child. Law's function of stabilizing expectations over time obliges it to deal with all matters that come before the courts through the application of ,conditional programmes' and prevents it from applying the ,purpose oriented programmes' of politics and those who see the issue in terms of ideological conflict. [source] Why Are Chinese Exports Not So Special?CHINA AND WORLD ECONOMY, Issue 1 2009Shunli Yao C43; F10; F14 Abstract Applying a commonly used index for export sophistication in a cross-country study, Rodrik finds that the technological content of Chinese exports over the past decade has been so high that it cannot be explained simply by the economic fundamentals of a low-income country abundant with unskilled labor. Question has been raised for the empirical robustness of the index. I am also doubtful with Rodrik's analysis but develop my argument from a different perspective. This paper briefly reviews Rodrik's methodology and identifies other factors his empirical results potentially hinge on. Based on this, it elaborates on China's unique processing trade regime, the uneven distribution of its exports across Chinese regions and the limitation of HS codes in terms of identifying differentiated products, in an attempt to show that these factors also contribute to higher estimations of China's export sophistication level. Finally, it organizes trade data to reveal the trade patterns that are indeed consistent with the country's comparative advantage. [source] Exploration and Exploitation in Innovation: Reframing the InterpretationCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008Ying Li There has been a burgeoning literature about exploitation and exploration since March's seminal article in 1991. However, in reviewing the extant literature we find different interpretations of both concepts leading to ambiguity and even some inconsistency. This paper focuses in particular on the interpretation of exploration and exploitation in the literature on technological innovation. It addresses two critical research questions. First, what are the different interpretations of exploitation and exploration? Second, how can we set up a framework that reconciles these differences and reduces the ambiguity that we find in the literature? To answer these two questions, we first explain what the root causes of these different viewpoints are. Second, we provide a theoretical framework that integrates the different perspectives, sets up a new typology to define exploration and exploitation, identifies white spaces in the current research and provides guidance for future research. [source] Creativity and Work Environment in a High-Tech ContextCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2003Jozée Lapierre Creativity is essential for success in business, especially in the high-tech field where knowledge is the key resource. This study addresses the ways in which creativity is fostered in high-tech organizations. It melds the different perspectives on organizational creativity into one six-dimensional model that defines the creativity work environment. Those dimensions are: work atmosphere; vertical collaboration; autonomy/freedom; respect; alignment; and lateral collaboration. They are valid, reliable predictors of the creativity achieved in high-tech organizations. [source] Relative vs. absolute measures of benefit and risk: what's the difference?ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010L. Citrome Citrome L. Relative vs. absolute measures of benefit and risk: what's the difference? Objective:, When appraising evidence clinicians are confronted with two types of comparisons: ratios, such as relative risk, and absolute differences, such as number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to harm (NNH). Method:, A review of the definition, calculation and interpretation of relative measures such as relative risk, odds ratio and the hazard ratio, and how they are different from absolute measures such as NNT and NNH. Results:, Relative and absolute measures provide different perspectives. Ratios can be misleading and exaggerate clinical differences, but NNT can appear to trivialize the risk of potentially important adverse events. Conclusion:, There is a need to understand both relative and absolute differences in order to make informed decisions. [source] Newspaper coverage of drug policy: an analysis of pre-election reporting of the Greens' drug policy in AustraliaDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2008SANDRA C. JONES BA Abstract Introduction and Aims. With the headline ,Ecstasy Over The Counter' in a popular daily newspaper, the debate on drug policy officially entered the arena of the 2003 New South Wales (Australia) State Election. The debate resurfaced in the lead-up to the 2004 Australian Federal Election. This paper analyses the pre-election coverage of drug policy issues in four Australian newspapers. Design and Methods. Four high-circulation daily newspapers were monitored for a one-month period prior to both elections and analysed for their coverage of drug policy, particularly with respect to the policy of the Greens. Results. The newspapers took different perspectives on drug policy issues, with two framing it in emotive terms as a moral debate and two framing it as political manoeuvring. Discussion and Conclusion. The newspapers focused upon emotive and sensationalist factors. They did not provide their readers with information or a rationale for the formulation of drug policy, be this from a harm minimisation or zero tolerance perspective. [source] THE ENTERPRISE ACT:ASPECTS OF THE NEW REGIME,ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2002Derek Morris The forthcoming Enterprise Act makes the Competition Commission (CC) determinative in relation to merger and market inquiries. It also introduces new competition-based tests, the rationale for which is examined. Several procedural aspects of the new regime are explored, in particular the need for economic guidance to be published on the application of the new tests. A number of key economic considerations are then examined, including market definition, oligopoly pricing, entry and the scope for different perspectives as between economic analysis and business practice. [source] Strategic Entrepreneurship: Exploring Different Perspectives of an Emerging ConceptENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2009Donald F. Kuratko Within the entrepreneurship and strategic management domains there has been a movement by scholars to combine certain aspects of both areas to create a new concept of strategic entrepreneurship. To date, however, there remains much to know about what constitutes this concept. This special issue is the result of a unique research conference in Germany where some of the world's most renowned scholars gathered to explore this concept in depth. The set of articles in this special issue examine different perspectives that relate to strategic entrepreneurship and we believe contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this concept by examining diverse scholarly topics. This introduction provides the overview of the perspectives contained in strategic entrepreneurship and argues for the importance of embracing diverse views at this stage rather than attempting to restrict the analysis of this emerging topic. [source] National Qualification Frameworks: from policy borrowing to policy learningEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, Issue 2 2010BORHENE CHAKROUN This article takes up the issue of the internationalisation of Vocational Education and Training (VET) reforms, expressed in the way policy instruments such as National Qualifications Frameworks (NQF) are introduced in the European Training Foundation's (ETF) partner countries. There is an international debate and different perspectives regarding NQFs. These perspectives have largely talked past each other. The article brings together these perspectives and highlights the issues at stake in this field. Through the analysis of ETF interventions in different regions, the article makes a case for new approaches of intervention, namely policy learning, that aim at enabling national stakeholders and that are conducive for home-grown VET policies. The discussion is broad in scope, not only because the article reviews developments in qualifications frameworks across-regions, but also because it highlights the complex interaction of the global and local development when introducing NQFs and the impact of such reforms on VET systems. [source] Routes to party choice: Ideology, economic evaluations and voting at the 1997 British General ElectionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001C.J. PATTIE Most conventional accounts of voting behaviour fit single models to the entire electorate, implicitly assuming that all voters respond to the same sets of influences, and do so in similar ways. However, a growing body of research suggests that this approach may be misleading, and that distinct groups of voters approach politics, and the electoral decision, from different perspectives. The paper takes a disaggregated look at voting in the 1997 British General Election, dividing voters into different groups according to their formal educational qualifications. Results suggest that different groups of voters respond to different stimuli, depending on their education, and on the party they are voting for. [source] MUSEUM SPECIMENS AND PHYLOGENIES ELUCIDATE ECOLOGY'S ROLE IN COEVOLUTIONARY ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MITES AND THEIR BEE HOSTSEVOLUTION, Issue 6 2007Pavel B. Klimov Coevolutionary associations between hosts and symbionts (or parasites) are often reflected in correlated patterns of divergence as a consequence of limitations on dispersal and establishment on new hosts. Here we show that a phylogenetic correlation is observed between chaetodactylid mites and their hosts, the long-tongued bees; however, this association manifests itself in an atypical fashion. Recently derived mites tend to be associated with basal bee lineages, and vice versa, ruling out a process of cospeciation, and the existence of mites on multiple hosts also suggests ample opportunity for host shifts. An extensive survey of museum collections reveals a pattern of infrequent host shifts at a higher taxonomic level, and yet, frequent shifts at a lower level, which suggests that ecological constraints structure the coevolutionary history of the mites and bees. Certain bee traits, particularly aspects of their nesting behavior, provide a highly predictive framework for the observed pattern of host use, with 82.1% of taxa correctly classified. Thus, the museum survey and phylogenetic analyses provide a unique window into the central role ecology plays in this coevolutionary association. This role is apparent from two different perspectives,as (a) a constraining force evident in the historical processes underlying the significant correlation between the mite and bee phylogenies, as well as (b) by the highly nonrandom composition of bee taxa that serve as hosts to chaetodactylid mites. [source] The Battle of Baugé, March 1421: Impact and MemoryHISTORY, Issue 304 2006JOHN D. MILNER On 22 March 1421, Henry V's brother and heir presumptive, Thomas, duke of Clarence, was killed in battle at Baugé in Anjou by a Franco-Scottish force. Clarence had engaged the enemy without proper preparation and with no archers to support him. For Henry V who had made inexorable progress since the start of his French campaign in 1417, this represented a serious and unexpected reverse. This article examines both contemporary and later reactions to Baugé. On account of the different perspectives , French, Scottish and a range of English reactions , from which the battle has been considered, it is possible to give an insight into the varying ways in which the same events were reported and interpreted. The article examines also the wider impact of a battle which, while having limited military effect, created considerable uncertainty at the time, and remained in the memory as an alarming example of how quickly the fortunes of war could change. [source] Pictures and silences: memories of sexual abuse of disabled peopleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 4 2002Darja Zavir The article de,individualises the debate about sexual abuse of disabled people, especially women, by showing that both the sexual and asexual identity of impaired persons are invariably fashioned within the institutional arrangement of domination and subjugation. It shows that if disabled persons are seen as asexual or if they are sexualised, they cannot escape sexual violence, which is not an aberration, but is intrinsic to the social construction of disability. The article includes personal testimonies of women with different disabilities from Slovenia, who were abused either at home or in public care and shows some responses of the professionals and caregivers who minimise the importance of abuse. It claims that ignoring the memories of sexual abuse is part of a subtle and unintentional discrimination, which reflects a continuity of prejudices and hatred toward disabled children and adults in the private realm as well as in public care. People from ethnic minorities, such as Roma, are still today more often diagnosed as mentally disabled, which shows that the disability diagnosis has to be seen as part of cultural responses towards an economically and socially marginalised group. The author uses different perspectives: historical, social work theories, cultural studies and feminist analysis. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||