Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Different Metals (different + metal)
Terms modified by Different Metals Selected AbstractsChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, Selective Catalytic Activity, and Reactivity of Rare Earth Metal Amides with Different Metal,Nitrogen Bonds.CHEMINFORM, Issue 49 2009Shaowu Wang Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] A Binuclear Phthalocyanine Containing Two Different MetalsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 11 2003Mario Calvete Abstract The unsymmetrical binuclear phthalocyanine 4a and the symmetrical binuclear phthalocyanine 4b with two different metals (Ni and Cu), as well as the correspondent binuclear phthalocyanines with two Ni atoms (4c and 4d) were synthesized from the benzoannulated dicyano-substituted Ni phthalocyanine 2. Atomic absorption spectroscopy verified unambiguously the presence of Ni and Cu in the binuclear phthalocyanines. The proposed synthetic route demonstrates great versatility towards substitution at the peripheral positions of the ring and the variation of the chelating central metal. Complexes 4a,4d are soluble in common organic solvents of medium polarity. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003) [source] Titelbild: Templated Ligand Environments for the Selective Incorporation of Different Metals into DNA (Angew. Chem.ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 52 200952/2009) DNA kann als Templat für die Bildung unterschiedlicher Ligandenumgebungen fungieren, die selektiv für ihre bindenden Metalle sind. H. F. Sleiman et,al. schildern in ihrer Zuschrift auf S.,10,103,ff., wie das Einbringen eines Metallzentrums in eine nichtkorrekte Umgebung in einer "Fehlerprüfung" resultiert: Das Metallzentrum kann spontan seinen Redoxzustand anpassen, ein anderes labiles Metallzentrum unter Bildung eines stabileren Komplexes verdrängen oder das Koordinationszentrum reorganisieren, um zu einem günstigeren Komplex zu gelangen. [source] Templated Ligand Environments for the Selective Incorporation of Different Metals into DNA,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 52 2009Hua Yang Wie es ihm gefällt: DNA wirkt als Templat für die Bildung von Bis(terpyridin)-, Bis(phenanthrolin)- und Terpyridin:Phenanthrolin-Ligandenumgebungen, die sehr selektiv für FeII, CuI bzw. CuII sind und hochstabile Metall-DNA-Komplexe bilden (siehe Bild). Wird ein Metallion in die ,falsche" Umgebung eingebracht, kann es spontan seinen Redoxzustand anpassen, durch ein anderes Metall ersetzt werden oder das Koordinationszentrum unter Bildung eines günstigeren Komplexes reorganisieren. [source] Precipitation of lead,zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Trèves, Cévennes region of southern FranceGEOFLUIDS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006D. LEACH Abstract The Trèves zinc,lead deposit is one of several Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits in the Cévennes region of southern France. Fluid inclusion studies show that the ore was deposited at temperatures between approximately 80 and 150°C from a brine that derived its salinity mainly from the evaporation of seawater past halite saturation. Lead isotope studies suggest that the metals were extracted from local basement rocks. Sulfur isotope data and studies of organic matter indicate that the reduced sulfur in the ores was derived from the reduction of Mesozoic marine sulfate by thermochemical sulfate reduction or bacterially mediated processes at a different time or place from ore deposition. The large range of ,34S values determined for the minerals in the deposit (12.2,19.2, for barite, 3.8,13.8, for sphalerite and galena, and 8.7 to ,21.2, for pyrite), are best explained by the mixing of fluids containing different sources of sulfur. Geochemical reaction path calculations, based on quantitative fluid inclusion data and constrained by field observations, were used to evaluate possible precipitation mechanisms. The most important precipitation mechanism was probably the mixing of fluids containing different metal and reduced sulfur contents. Cooling, dilution, and changes in pH of the ore fluid probably played a minor role in the precipitation of ores. The optimum results that produced the most metal sulfide deposition with the least amount of fluid was the mixing of a fluid containing low amounts of reduced sulfur with a sulfur-rich, metal poor fluid. In this scenario, large amounts of sphalerite and galena are precipitated, together with smaller quantities of pyrite precipitated and dolomite dissolved. The relative amounts of metal precipitated and dolomite dissolved in this scenario agree with field observations that show only minor dolomite dissolution during ore deposition. The modeling results demonstrate the important control of the reduced sulfur concentration on the Zn and Pb transport capacity of the ore fluid and the volumes of fluid required to form the deposit. The studies of the Trèves ores provide insights into the ore-forming processes of a typical MVT deposit in the Cévennes region. However, the extent to which these processes can be extrapolated to other MVT deposits in the Cévennes region is problematic. Nevertheless, the evidence for the extensive migration of fluids in the basement and sedimentary cover rocks in the Cévennes region suggests that the ore forming processes for the Trèves deposit must be considered equally viable possibilities for the numerous fault-controlled and mineralogically similar MVT deposits in the Cévennes region. [source] MOCVD of Platinum Films from (CH3)3CH3CpPt and Pt(acac)2: Nanostructure, Conformality, and Electrical Resistivity,CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION, Issue 4 2003J. Goswami Abstract A potentially manufacturable liquid-source MOCVD process was applied to deposit platinum (Pt) films (12,140,nm) on thermally oxidized Si substrates. The deposition of Pt films was carried out at a substrate temperature of 350,°C by oxygen-assisted pyrolysis of complex precursors in a low-pressure, hot-wall reactor. The effects of two different metal,organic precursors, a) trimethyl methyl cyclopentadienyl platinum [(CH3)3CH3CpPt], and b) platinum acetylacetonate [Pt(acac)2], on the properties of Pt films were studied. Although the polycrystalline Pt films deposited from Pt(acac)2 exhibited a preferred (111) orientation with a X-ray intensity ratio of I(111)/I(200),=,40, the films deposited from (CH3)3CH3CpPt were highly (111) oriented with I(111)/I(200),=,270. The following properties were typical of Pt films from Pt(acac)2 as compared to Pt films from (CH3)3CH3CpPt: finer grain size (25,nm vs. 50,nm), smaller root mean square (rms) surface roughness (5,nm vs. 15,nm), and better step coverage (95,% vs. 35,%). These experimental findings indicated that growth of Pt films from Pt(acac)2 occurred under the kinetically-limited regime, whereas the deposition of Pt from (CH3)3CH3CpPt was limited by the mass transport rate. Additionally, the temperature (4.2,293,K) dependence of the electrical resistivities (,) of Pt films was measured and the electron mean free paths were estimated. It was observed that ,(T) deviated from Matthiessen's rule. [source] Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence of Two Novel Metal-organic Supramolecular Frameworks Based on Mixed Ligands of Dipyrazino[2,3- f:2,,3,-h]quinoxaline and Pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic AcidCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2008Xiu-Li WANG Abstract Two novel metal-organic frameworks [Zn2(Dpq)2(2,5-pda)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) (dipyrazino[2,3- f:2,3,- h]quinoxaline=Dpq) and [Cd2(Dpq)2(2,5-pda)2]·2H2O (2) (pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid=2,5-H2pda) have been obtained from hydrothermal reactions of two different metal(II) nitrates with the same mixed ligands Dpq and 2,5-H2pda, and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, TG, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyse. Single-crystal X-ray analyses show that the metal ions are bridged by different coordination modes of 2,5-pda to form a dimer in 1, 2D rhombic grid in 2, respectively. In the compound 1, adjacent dimers are packed through hydrogen bonds and - aromatic stacking interactions to form a distorted , -Po supramolecular structure. In the compound 2, adjacent polymer layers are further linked by hydrogen bonds to form a distorted , -Po 3D supramolecular framework stabilized by - stacking interactions. The different structures of compounds 1 and 2 illustrate the influence of the metal ions and ligands on the self-assembly of polymeric coordination architectures. In addition, the title compounds exhibit blue emission in the solid state at room temperature. [source] Pseudomonas fluorescens' view of the periodic tableENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Matthew L. Workentine Summary Growth in a biofilm modulates microbial metal susceptibility, sometimes increasing the ability of microorganisms to withstand toxic metal species by several orders of magnitude. In this study, a high-throughput metal toxicity screen was initiated with the aim of correlating biological toxicity data in planktonic and biofilm cells to the physiochemical properties of metal ions. To this end, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525 was grown in the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) and biofilms and planktonic cells of this microorganism were exposed to gradient arrays of different metal ions. These arrays included 44 different metals with representative compounds that spanned every group of the periodic table (except for the halogens and noble gases). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values were obtained after exposing the biofilms to metal ions for 4 h. Using these values, metal ion toxicity was correlated to the following ion-specific physicochemical parameters: standard reduction-oxidation potential, electronegativity, the solubility product of the corresponding metal,sulfide complex, the Pearson softness index, electron density and the covalent index. When the ions were grouped according to outer shell electron structure, we found that heavy metal ions gave the strongest correlations to these parameters and were more toxic on average than the other classes of the ions. Correlations were different for biofilms than for planktonic cells, indicating that chemical mechanisms of metal ion toxicity differ between the two modes of growth. We suggest that biofilms can specifically counter the toxic effects of certain physicochemical parameters, which may contribute to the increased ability of biofilms to withstand metal toxicity. [source] The relative sensitivity of four benthic invertebrates to metals in spiked-sediment exposures and application to contaminated field sedimentENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2003Danielle Milani Abstract The relative sensitivity of four benthic invertebrates (Hyalella azteca, Chironomus riparius, Hexagenia spp., and Tubifex tubifex) was determined for Cd, Cu, and Ni in water-only and in spiked-sediment exposures. Survival (median lethal concentrations [LC50s] and the concentrations estimated to be lethal to 25% of test organisms [LC25s]), and endpoints for growth and reproduction (mean inhibitory concentrations [IC25s]) were compared. The sensitivities differed depending on the species and metal, although some trends emerged. In water-only exposures, H. azteca is the most sensitive species to cadmium and nickel, with mean LC50s of 0.013 and 3.6 mg/L, respectively; C. riparius is the most sensitive species to copper, with a mean LC50 of 0.043 mg/L. In the spiked-sediment exposures, the order in decreasing sensitivity to copper is Hyalella = Hexagenia < Chironomus < Tubifex for survival and growth/reproduction. For cadmium, the order in decreasing sensitivity is Hyalella = Chironomus < Hexagenia < Tubifex, and for nickel is Hyalella , Hexagenia < Chironomus < Tubifex. Chironomus riparius and Hexagenia spp. survival can be used to distinguish between toxicity caused by different metals. Species test responses in field-collected sediment (Collingwood Harbour, ON, Canada) were examined in an attempt to determine the causative agent of toxicity throughout, using the established species sensitivities. Sediment toxicity was categorized first by comparing species responses to those established for a reference database. Test responses in the field-collected sediment do not support causality by Cu, a suspected toxicant based on comparison of sediment chemistry with sediment quality guidelines. [source] Highly Stereoselective Metal-Mediated Entry to Functionalized Tetrahydrothiophenes by Barbier-Type Carbonyl-Addition ReactionsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 15 2008Benito Alcaide Abstract Reactions of tetrahydrothiophene-3-carbaldehydes with stabilized organometallic reagents were investigated in aqueous media. Tetrahydrothiophene-3-carbaldehydes and a variety of stabilized organic halides undergo stereocontrolled coupling under Barbier-type conditions in the presence of different metals (zinc, tin, indium) and additives [ammonium chloride, hydrobromic acid, hafnium(IV) chloride, bismuth(III) chloride]. The regiochemistry of the carbonyl addition processes, when applicable, was excellent.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) [source] A Binuclear Phthalocyanine Containing Two Different MetalsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 11 2003Mario Calvete Abstract The unsymmetrical binuclear phthalocyanine 4a and the symmetrical binuclear phthalocyanine 4b with two different metals (Ni and Cu), as well as the correspondent binuclear phthalocyanines with two Ni atoms (4c and 4d) were synthesized from the benzoannulated dicyano-substituted Ni phthalocyanine 2. Atomic absorption spectroscopy verified unambiguously the presence of Ni and Cu in the binuclear phthalocyanines. The proposed synthetic route demonstrates great versatility towards substitution at the peripheral positions of the ring and the variation of the chelating central metal. Complexes 4a,4d are soluble in common organic solvents of medium polarity. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003) [source] Porous silicon/metal nanocomposite with tailored magnetic propertiesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 6 2009Petra Granitzer Abstract Porous silicon (PS) templates in the meso/macro porous regime with oriented pores clearly separated from each other and filled in a galvanic deposition process with various metals, especially ferromagnetic ones are magnetically investigated. The employment of different metals (e.g. Ni, Co, NiCo) together with the variation of the electrochemical deposition parameters modifies the structural characteristics of the PS/metal nanocomposite and thus leads to distinct magnetic properties of the hybrid system. Furthermore the use of different PS-templates which means a change of the pore-diameter and interpore spacing results also in various magnetic characteristics, especially influences on the magnetic interactions among the deposited metal nanostructures. Therefore the specimens show tailored magnetic properties like coercivity, squareness and magnetic anisotropy. The achieved nanocomposite merges electronic properties of a semiconductor with nanomagnetism and therefore opens the possibility of integrated spin-based electronic devices. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Ferromagnetic nanoparticles embedded in self-arranged matricesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 6 2008K. Rumpf Abstract The investigated nanoscopic system, consisting of a non magnetic host material and precipitated ferromagnetic nanostructures shows a magnetic behaviour correlated to the size and shape of the deposited particles but also to their spatial distribution within the template which modifies the magnetic interactions between them. The nanostructures are deposited electrochemically into an etched silicon wafer exhibiting an array of channels of a few ten nanometers in diameter and a length up to 50 µm. The self-assembled grown templates offer the opportunity of tuning the magnetic properties by varying the geometrical characteristics of the membrane which can be loaded with different metals like Ni or Co with variable metal distribution. Magnetic characteristics like coercivity, magnetic anisotropy and temperature dependent magnetization give a survey about the structure and the magnetic interactions of the nanocomposite. This achieved ferromagnetic nanocomposite system is not only of interest for basic research but also gives rise to applications in magneto-optics, spintronics and sensor application. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Thermal expansion co-efficient of nanotube,metal compositesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 11-12 2009Sheikh M. Uddin Abstract Thermal expansion exhibits considerable challenges developing residual stresses at the interfaces of different materials treated at high temperature. Electrical devices containing materials with different thermal expansion behaviour very often suffer this problem. Thermal expansion co-efficient (TEC) of different metals can be tuned by using carbon nanotube (CNT). Metal matrix composites (MMCs) using CNT are fabricated by hot-press sintering method and TEC of the composites are investigated throughout a wide range of temperature (,155 to 275,°C). Reduction of TEC of the composite materials was observed up to 20% compared to that of pure metals. The effect of CNTs in the matrix materials and the mechanism behind the improvement are explained from the microscopic investigation of the composites. [source] Engineering Metal Complexes of Chiral Pentaazacrowns as Privileged Reverse-turn ScaffoldsCHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN, Issue 2 2007Ye Che Reverse turns are common structural motifs and recognition sites in protein/protein interactions. The design of peptidomimetics is often based on replacing the amide backbone of peptides by a non-peptidic scaffold while retaining the biologic mode of action. This study evaluates the potential of metal complexes of chiral pentaazacrowns conceptually derived by reduction of cyclic pentapeptides as reverse-turn mimetics. The possible conformations of metal complexes of chiral pentaazacrown scaffolds have been probed by analysis of 28 crystal structures complexed with six different metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The solvated structures as well as the impact of complexation with different metals/oxidation states have been examined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation as explicitly represented by interactions with a single water molecule. The results suggest that most reverse-turn motifs seen in proteins could be mimicked effectively with a subset of metal complexes of chiral pentaazacrown scaffolds with an RMSD of approximately 0.3 Å. Due to the relatively fixed orientation of the pendant chiral side groups in these metal complexes, one can potentially elicit information about the receptor-bound conformation of the parent peptide from their binding affinities. The presence of 20 H-atoms on the pentaazacrown ring that could be functionalized as well as the conformational perturbations available from complexation with different metals offer a desirable diversity to probe receptors for reverse-turn recognition. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||