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Different Media (different + media)
Selected AbstractsConfigurations of Relationships in Different Media: FtF, Email, Instant Messenger, Mobile Phone, and SMSJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2007Hyo Kim This study analyzes the configurations of communication relationships in Korea through face-to-face, email, instant messaging, mobile phone, and short message service media. Through a web survey, we asked respondents to identify (1) for each of the five media (2) up to five of their most frequent communication partners, (3) the partner's social role (including colleagues, family, friends), and (4) their own employment category. Individual-level and network-level analyses were used to compare variations in communication relationships and configurations of relationships among social roles overall, within each medium, and for different employment categories, and to identify configurations of relationships across media. IM, SMS, and mobile phone are distinctive media for students, mobile phone for homeworkers, and email for organizational workers. Moreover, mobile phones tend to be used in reinforcing strong social ties, and text-based CMC media tend to be used in expanding relationships with weak ties. Finally, face-to-face (FtF) seems to be a universal medium without significant differences across respondents' employment categories. [source] Trifluoroethanol and binding to model membranes stabilize a predicted turn in a peptide corresponding to the first extracellular loop of the angiotensin II AT1A receptorBIOPOLYMERS, Issue 1 2002Roberto K. Salinas Abstract Homology modeling of the angiotensin II AT1A receptor based on rhodopsin,s crystal structure has assigned the 92,100 (YRWPFGNHL) sequence of the receptor to its first extracellular loop. Solution and membrane-bound conformational properties of a peptide containing this sequence (EL1) were examined by CD, fluorescence, and 1H-NMR. CD spectra in aqueous solution revealed an equilibrium between less organized and folded conformers. NMR spectra indicated the coexistence of trans and cis isomers of the Trp3,Pro4 bond. A positive band at 226 nm in the CD spectra suggested aromatic ring stacking, modulated by EL1's ionization degree. CD spectra showed that trifluoroethanol (TFE), or binding to detergent micelles and phospholipid bilayers, shifted the equilibrium toward conformers with higher secondary structure content. Different media gave rise to spectra suggestive of different ,-turns. Chemical shift changes in the NMR spectra corroborated the stabilization of different conformations. Thus, environments of lower polarity or binding to interfaces probably favored the formation of hydrogen bonds, stabilizing ,-turns, predicted for this sequence in the whole receptor. Increases in Trp3 fluorescence intensity and anisotropy, blue shifts of the maximum emission wavelength, and pK changes also evinced the interaction between EL1 and model membranes. Binding was seen to depend on both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, as well as lipid phase packing. Studies with water-soluble and membrane-bound fluorescence quenchers demonstrated that Trp3 is located close to the water,membrane interface. The results are discussed with regard to possible implications in receptor folding and function. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 65: 21,31, 2002 [source] Prey protein influences growth and decoration building in the orb web spider Argiope keyserlingiECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 5 2009SEAN J. BLAMIRES Abstract. 1. Protein is important for a foraging animal to consume, as it promotes growth and enhances survival, particularly in web-building spiders, which need to invest considerable protein into web building and may trade-off growth for web investment. 2. The influence of dietary protein uptake on growth and web investment was tested in the orb web spider Argiope keyserlingi, by feeding them flies reared on three different media: (1) high protein, (2) low protein, and (3) standard (control) media. There was a negative correlation between protein and energy content of the flies across treatments; flies reared on the high protein media had the highest protein, but lowest energy, while flies reared on the low protein media had the lowest protein but highest energy. 3. It was found that silk investment and web architecture in A. keyserlingi was not affected by diet. Growth and decoration building were both enhanced when spiders were fed a high protein diet. 4. It was concluded that protein intake, rather than energy, influenced both growth and decoration building because: (1) protein intake enhances growth in other animals, (2) protein is essential for silk synthesis, especially aciniform silk, and (3) protein is a limiting factor actively sought by foraging animals in natural environments. [source] Structure and development of decision-support systems and their use by the State Plant Protection Services in Germany,EPPO BULLETIN, Issue 1 2000B. Kleinhenz To ensure continuing work on decision-support systems (DSSs) and the elaboration of new systems according to the needs of the Plant Protection Services of the federal states of Germany, these services have installed ZEPP (Central Institution for Decision Support Systems and Programmes in Crop Protection). At the national level, ZEPP guarantees a permanent supply of meteorological data, organizes and co-ordinates trials, incorporates scientific progress into the existing DSSs and, in close co-operation with universities and federal research stations, develops new systems for important pests. The PASO desktop system includes a data bank that administers all relevant meteorological files and field data. It allows for automated simulation runs and forecasts, serving as input for timely warnings by different media. Depending on the individual decision-support modules, results are presented as tables and/or graphs. [source] Sensitivity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains for colicins under different experimental conditionsFEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2001Bart J.A.M. Jordi Abstract Twenty Escherichia coli strains producing well-characterised colicins were tested for their inhibitory activity against five Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains using different media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The five STEC strains used were of serotype O26, O111, O128, O145 and O157:H7 which are frequently isolated serotypes associated with disease in humans. The main route of infection for humans is through the eating of badly cooked or handled beef. The major reservoir for STEC strains in cattle is the rumen. To mimic the situation in the rumen of cattle, overlay assays were also performed under anaerobic conditions in the presence of 30% rumen fluid. Colicins E1, E4, E8-J, K and S4 are most active against STEC strains under anaerobic conditions in the absence or presence of rumen fluid. These colicins will be used in future experiments with the aim to eradicate the presence of STEC in cattle. [source] Expression of ribosome modulation factor (RMF) in Escherichia coli requires ppGppGENES TO CELLS, Issue 8 2001Kaori Izutsu Background During the transition from the logarithmic to the stationary phase, 70S ribosomes are dimerized into the 100S form, which has no translational activity. Ribosome Modulation Factor (RMF) is induced during the stationary phase and binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, which directs the dimerization of 70S ribosomes. Unlike many other genes induced in the stationary phase, rmf transcription is independent of the sigma S. To identify the factors that regulate the growth phase-dependent induction of rmf, mutant strains deficient in global regulators were examined for lacZ expression directed by the rmf promoter. Results Among mutants of defective global regulators, only ppGpp deficiency (relA-spoT double mutant) drastically reduced the level of rmf transcription to less than 10% of that seen in the wild-type. Neither RMF nor 100S ribosomes were detected in this mutant in the stationary phase. rmf transcription correlated well with cellular ppGpp levels during amino acid starvation, IPTG induction of Ptrc-relA455 and in other mutants with artificially increased ppGpp levels. Although the growth rate also correlated inversely with both ppGpp levels and rmf transcription, the observation that the growth rates of the ppGpp-deficient and wild-type strains varied equivalently when grown on different media indicates that the link between rmf transcription and ppGpp levels is not a function of the growth rate. Conclusions ppGpp appears to positively regulate rmf transcription, at least in vivo. Thus, RMF provides a novel negative translational control by facilitating the formation of inactive ribosome dimers (100S) under the stringent circumstances of the stationary phase. [source] Viscoelastic displacement and gravity changes due to point magmatic intrusions in a gravitational layered solid earthGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001José Fernández Summary We present a method for the computation of time-dependent geodetic and geophysical signatures (deformation, potential and gravity changes) due to magmatic intrusions in a layered viscoelastic,gravitational medium. This work is an extension of a deformation model previously developed to compute effects due to volcanic loading in an elastic gravitational layered media. The model assumes a planar earth geometry, useful for near field problems, and consists of welded elastic and viscoelastic layers overlying a viscoelastic half-space. Every layer can either be considered elastic or viscoelastic. The intrusion (treated as a point source) can be located at any depth, in any of the layers or in the half-space. Several examples of theoretical computations for different media are also presented. We have found that, in line with previous results obtained by other authors, introducing viscoelastic properties in all or part of the medium can extend the effects (displacements, gravity changes, etc.) considerably and therefore lower pressure increases are required to model given observed effects. The viscoelastic effects seem to depend mainly on the rheological properties of the layer (zone) where the intrusion is located, rather than on the rheology of the whole medium. We apply our model to the 1982,1984 uplift episode at Campi Flegrei, modelling simultaneously the observed vertical displacement and gravity changes. The results clearly show that for a correct interpretation of observed effects it is necessary to include the gravitational field in the anelastic theoretical models. This factor can change the value and pattern of time-dependent deformation as well as the gravity changes, explaining cases of displacement without noticeable gravity changes or vice versa, cases with uplift and incremental gravity values, and other cases. The combination of displacement and gravity changes is found to be especially effective in constraining the possible characteristics of the magmatic intrusion as well as the rheology of the medium surrounding it. [source] Interpretation of Spring Recession CurvesGROUND WATER, Issue 5 2002H. Amit Recession curves contain information on storage properties and different types of media such as porous, fractured, cracked lithologies and karst. Recession curve analysis provides a function that quantitatively describes the temporal discharge decay and expresses the drained volume between specific time limits (Hall 1968). This analysis also allows estimating the hydrological significance of the discharge function parameters and the hydrological properties of the aquifer. In this study, we analyze data from perennial springs in the Judean Mountains and from others in the Galilee Mountains, northern Israel. All the springs drain perched carbonate aquifers. Eight of the studied springs discharge from a karst dolomite sequence, whereas one flows out from a fractured, slumped block of chalk. We show that all the recession curves can be well fitted by a function that consists of two exponential terms with exponential coefficients ,1 and ,2. These coefficients are approximately constant for each spring, reflecting the hydraulic conductivity of different media through which the ground water flows to the spring. The highest coefficient represents the fast flow, probably through cracks, or quickflow, whereas the lower one reflects the slow flow through the porous medium, or baseflow. The comparison of recession curves from different springs and different years leads to the conclusion that the main factors that affect the recession curve exponential coefficients are the aquifer lithology and the geometry of the water conduits therein. In normal years of rainy winter and dry summer, ,1 is constant in time. However, when the dry period is longer than usual because of a dry winter, ,1 slightly decreases with time. [source] Hydrolysis of diphenylmethyltin(iv) chloride in different aqueous solutions of ethanolHETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2008Sima Mehdizadeh The hydrolysis of [(Ph)2MeSn(IV)]+ has been studied spectrophotometrically at 25,C and constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm,3 sodium perchlorate. Over a wide pH range, 1,11, the investigation has been performed in different aqueous solutions of ethanol. The species formed together with their formation constants have been determined using the computer program Squad. The hydrolysis constants at different media were analyzed in terms of Kamlet and Taft's parameters. A single-parameter correlation of the formation constants, K1-1 and K1-2, versus , (hydrogen-bond donor acidity), , (hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity), and ,* (dipolarity/polarizability) for both cases are relatively poor in all solutions, but multiparameter correlation represents significant improvement with regard to the single-parameter models. In this work, we have also used the normalized polarity parameter, E, alone and in combination with the Kamlet,Taft's parameters to find a better correlation of the formation constants in different aqueous solutions of ethanol. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:654,660, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20484 [source] Influence of background and surround on image color matchingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Lidija Mandic Abstract In this article, the corresponding-color data for complex images reproduced on different media were obtained by simultaneous matching using an adjustment method. In our experiment printed color images and images displayed on a monitor were compared in different viewing conditions. The viewing condition varied in surround relative luminance and background. The experimental data show that surround relative luminance has little influence on color matching between printed and monitor images while changes in background modify color appearance. These results were used to evaluate different chromatic adaptation transforms (CAT). We found that for the same viewing conditions the SHARP transform shows the best agreement between the experimental and predicted data. SHARP transform can not predict accurately corresponding colors for blue and black regions. Therefore, we proposed new CAT that shows better characteristics than other transforms for cyan, green, and black colors and similar characteristics for other colors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 244,251, 2007 [source] Influence of the growth phase and culture medium on the survival of Mannheimia haemolytica during storage at different temperaturesJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004E. van Rensburg Abstract Aims:, To quantify the influence of the growth phase, storage temperature and nutritional quality of the plate count medium on the apparent viability of Mannheimia haemolytica during storage at different temperatures. Methods and Results:,Mannheimia haemolytica was grown in shake flasks and in aerobic continuous culture to investigate factors affecting cell viability during storage, which was determined using plate counts on different media and epifluorescence microscopy. The high specific death rates of cells harvested after cessation of exponential growth and stored at 22, 4, ,18 and ,75°C could be related to the rapid onset of exponential death in batch cultures. Yeast extract supplementation of the culture medium increased the viability of cells at most of the above-mentioned storage temperatures. Of the total cell count in continuous culture, only 48% could be recovered on brain,heart infusion agar, whereas supplementation of the agar medium with foetal calf serum increased the plate count to 71% of the total count. Conclusions:,Mannheimia haemolytica cells harvested from the exponential growth phase had the highest survival rate during storage at low temperatures. Plate count values also depended on the nutritional quality of the agar medium. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Results presented here impact on the procedures for culture preservation and plate count enumeration of this fastidious animal pathogen. [source] Influence of culture conditions on laccase production and isozyme patterns in the white-rot fungus Trametes gallicaJOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Jia Li Dong Laccase production by the white-rot fungus Trametes gallica was studied, using twelve different media under static or shaking condition. The results indicated that organic nitrogen sources such as tryptone and peptone strongly improved laccase production. The application of an amino acid mixture and a lignin preparation also increased the formation of laccase, which was not observed in the presence of potato extract. Native polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by laccase activity staining using guaiacol as the substrate was performed to analyze the laccase isozyme patterns under the different culture conditions employed. Zymograms revealed a total of twenty different laccase activity bands that appeared in individual patterns, dependent on the respective culture condition applied. This indicates that both the medium composition and the mode of incubation (static or shaking) influenced the laccase isozyme gene expression. This was the first time to report so many laccase isozymes in a fungus. Native PAGE with silver staining showed that laccases were the main protein productions in several media providing a potentially convenient way in purifying laccases from T. gallica. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Preparation and characterization of UV-grafted ion-exchange textiles in continuous electrodeionizationJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 12 2004Kyeong-Ho Yeon Abstract Ion-exchange textiles (IETs) suitable for use in continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) stacks were prepared using the ultraviolet (UV)-induced grafting of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate for cation-exchange textiles, or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride for anion-exchange textiles, onto nonwoven polypropylene fabric using benzophenone as photoinitiator. Although the ion-exchange capacity (2.2 meq g,1) of the prepared strong acid cation-exchange textile was lower than that of IRN77 strong acid cation-exchange resin (4.2 meq g,1), the overall rate constant of IET was very high due to its low crosslinking and high specific surface area. There was no significant difference between the two different media in terms of the Co(II) removal rate. Furthermore, the current efficiency for IETs was higher than that of IRN77 cation-exchange resin during a CEDI operation, with efficiencies of 60% and 20%, respectively. The IET also showed the faster exchange kinetics. Therefore, IETs prepared in this study proved to have desirable ion-conducting characteristics within the CEDI systems. Also this study revealed that the primary removal mechanism in CEDI is the transport of ions through a medium and not the ionic capacity of a medium. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] The role and design of screen images in software documentationJOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING, Issue 4 2000H. Van der Meij Abstract, Software documentation for the novice user typically must try to achieve at least three goals: to support basic knowledge and skills development; to prevent or support the handling of mistakes, and to support the joint handling of manual, input device and screen. This paper concentrates on the latter goal. Novice users often experience split-attention problem due to the need to (almost) simultaneously attend to different media. Existing research indicates that split-attention problems can be prevented or reduced by the presence of screen images in the manual. Research is yet unclear about the optimal design of these pictures. This study examines three design styles. Forty-eight novice users received one of the three manual based on these styles. The manuals were an introduction to Windows 95. The users of the most successful manual needed 25% less training time and had a 60% better retention. The most important characteristics of the design style of this manual were its use of full screen images (instead of partial ones) and a two-column lay-out in which the instructions and screen images were presented side-by-side in a left-to-right reading order. The discussion focuses on the tension that exists between theory and practice. Special attention is given to the contributions of a taxonomy of screen images and cognitive load theory. [source] Wet granulation as innovative and fast method to prepare controlled release granules based on an ion-exchange resinJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2008Beatrice Albertini Abstract The goal of this work was to evaluate the suitability of wet granulation as an innovative and fast method for the preparation of granules containing a drug,resin complex (resinate), having cholestyramine as resin and potassium diclofenac (KD) as drug. Resinate and granules were prepared directly by steam granulation in high shear mixer (method A), using two different amount of resin (granules 1 and 2). For comparison granules 1 were also prepared by conventional batch method followed by steam granulation (method B). All granules showed quite irregular shape, main size fractions between 75 and 500 µm, good flowability and uniform KD distribution. Granules 1A exhibited controlled release profiles at pH 7.4, while granules 2A showed a burst effect due to KD free crystals. FT-IR studies confirmed the complete complexation between resin and KD during the granulation process with method A for granules 1. Finally, the dissolution test of granules 1A in different media revealed a controlled drug release in 12 h, providing the utility of this system for enteric drug delivery. Granules 1B evidenced similar characteristics to those of granules 1A; the drawback of the multistep procedure was related to the long processing time. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 97:1313,1324, 2008 [source] RAFTing down under: Tales of missing radicals, fancy architectures, and mysterious holesJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 3 2003Christopher Barner-Kowollik Abstract This highlight describes recent developments in reversible addition,fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Succinct coverage of the RAFT mechanism is supplemented by details of synthetic methodologies for making a wide range of architectures ranging from stars to combs, microgels, and blocks. In addition, RAFT reactions in different media such as emulsion and ionic liquids receive attention. Finally, a specific example of a novel material design is briefly introduced, whereas polymers prepared via RAFT are adopted for microporous/honeycomb membrane design. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 365,375, 2003 [source] Inorganic phosphate has a crucial effect on Cry3Aa , -endotoxin productionLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005A. Kurt Abstract Aims:, The study aimed at increasing Cry3Aa , -endotoxin production by a local isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t. strain Mm2). To this end, different nutritional conditions were tested for their effects on Cry3Aa yields. Methods and Results:,Bacillus thuringiensis Mm2 was grown by shaking at 30°C in different media. Samples were taken from the cultures at intervals and used for protein extraction. SDS-PAGE was performed for toxin analysis. Inclusion of inorganic phosphate (Pi) into the Difco's sporulation medium at an increased level of 200 mmol l,1 caused a fivefold increase (from 3 to 15·6 ,g ml,1) in toxin production. Omission of FeSO4 from the medium decreased this yield by half. Resuspension experiments suggested catabolite repression of toxin biosynthesis by glucose. The inclusion of high Pi invariably increased toxin synthesis, even in the absence of sugars. Conclusions:, Inorganic phosphate had the most striking effect on toxin biosynthesis. Iron effect was found to be unique to our isolate whereas Pi effect seemed to be common to the biosynthesis of Cry3Aa-type toxins. Stimulation of toxin synthesis by Pi did not seem to represent a relief from glucose repression. Significance and Impact of the Study:,Bacillus thuringiensis is the most versatile biopesticide for use in pest management. Regarding cost-effectiveness of related fermentations, high Pi supplement drastically increases Coleoptera-specific toxin synthesis. [source] A Study on Biomineralization Behavior of N -Methylene Phosphochitosan ScaffoldsMACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE, Issue 10 2004Yu Ji Yin Abstract Summary: Biomimetic growth of calcium phosphate over natural polymer may be an effective approach to constituting an organic/inorganic composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this work, N -methylene phosphochitosan (NMPCS) was prepared via formaldehyde addition and condensation with phosphoric acid in a step that allowed homogeneous modification without obvious deterioration in chitosan (CS) properties. The NMPCS obtained was characterized by using FT-IR and elemental analysis. The macroporous scaffolds were fabricated through a freeze-drying technique. A comparative study on NMPCS and CS scaffold biomimetic mineralization was carried out in different media, i.e, a simulated body fluid (SBF) or alternative CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 solutions respectively. Apatite formation within NMPCS and CS scaffolds was identified with FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffractometery (XRD). The results revealed alternate soaking of the scaffolds in CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 solutions was better than soaking in SBF solution alone in relation to apatite deposition on the scaffold pore walls. Biomineralization provides an approach to improve nature derived materials, e.g., chitosan derivative NMPCS properties e.g., compressive modulus, etc. SEM image of a NMPCS/apatite composite scaffold. [source] Design principles for virtual patients: a focus group study among studentsMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 6 2009Sören Huwendiek Objectives, This study aimed to examine what students perceive as the ideal features of virtual patient (VP) design in order to foster learning with a special focus on clinical reasoning. Methods, A total of 104 Year 5 medical students worked through at least eight VPs representing four different designs during their paediatric clerkship. The VPs were presented in two modes and differed in terms of the authenticity of the user interface (with or without graphics support), predominant question type (long- versus short-menu questions) and freedom of navigation (relatively free versus predetermined). Each mode was presented in a rich and a poor version with regard to the use of different media and questions and explanations explicitly directed at clinical reasoning. Five groups of between four and nine randomly selected students (n = 27) participated in focus group interviews facilitated by a moderator using a questioning route. The interviews were videotaped, transcribed and analysed. Summary reports were approved by the students. Results, Ten principles of VP design emerged from the analysis. A VP should be relevant, of an appropriate level of difficulty, highly interactive, offer specific feedback, make optimal use of media, help students focus on relevant learning points, offer recapitulation of key learning points, provide an authentic web-based interface and student tasks, and contain questions and explanations tailored to the clinical reasoning process. Conclusions, Students perceived the design principles identified as being conducive to their learning. Many of these principles are supported by the results of other published studies. Future studies should address the effects of these principles using quantitative controlled designs. [source] POTS, HOUSES AND METAL: TECHNOLOGICAL RELATIONS AT THE BRONZE AGE TELL AT SZÁZHALOMBATTA, HUNGARYOXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2006JOANNA SOFAER Summary. At the Bronze Age tell of Százhalombatta, Hungary, techniques used for making pottery echo those used in other media. Pottery and architecture have a close relationship. Not only were both made of clay, but methods of making pots echo those used for building. Similarly, pottery and metalwork share common themes and technologies for working with clay and bronze. Since choices made by potters are not solely confined to the environment, raw materials and tools, but are also socially and culturally defined, by implication the transfer of know-how must be situated within social networks between people. This paper considers how the identification of technical relationships between different media at Százhalombatta can be used to explore social relations in Bronze Age society, thereby suggesting relationships that work on both technical and social levels. [source] Regeneration potential of CIMMYT durum wheat and triticale varieties from immature embryosPLANT BREEDING, Issue 4 2001N. E. Bohorova Abstract Twenty-five durum wheat elite advanced lines and released varieties, and five triticale varieties were evaluated for their ability to produce embryogenic callus using three different media. For callus initiation and maintenance there were basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing double strains of macroelements and 2.5 mg/l 2,4D (DW1), basal MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l 2,4D (DW2), or basal MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4 D and coconut milk (DW3). Plant regeneration was achieved on basal MS medium with indoleacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine, and plants rooted on MS with 1-naphthale-neacetic acid. DW3 medium proved better than the other media tested for embryogenic callus initiation and maintenance. Regeneration rates varied widely with both genotype and initiation medium, with values ranging from no regeneration to 100% regeneration; the plantlets produced per embryo ranged from five to 20. Fourteen of the durum wheat genotypes showed 63,100% regeneration from DW3 callus formation medium, four lines from DW1 medium, and two lines from DW2. Four of the triticale varieties had regeneration of 48,100% from DW3 medium. After six subcultures, over a 6-month period, genotypes lost their ability to regenerate plants. Only 10 lines retained some plant regeneration potential but regeneration was at reduced levels. Successful regeneration of durum wheat and triticale varieties will be used as an integral part of the transformation process. [source] Comparative analysis of gene expression on mRNA and protein level during development of Streptomyces cultures by using singular value decompositionPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 21 2007Jiri Vohradsky Dr. Abstract This paper describes a comparative systems level analysis of the developmental proteome and transcriptome in the model antibiotic-producing eubacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, cultured on different media. The analysis formulates expression as the superposition of effects of regulatory networks and biological processes which can be identified using singular value decomposition (SVD) of a data matrix formed by time series measurements of expression of individual genes throughout the cell cycle of the bacterium. SVD produces linearly orthogonal factors, each of which can represent an independent system behavior defined by a linear combination of the genes/proteins highly correlated with the corresponding factor. By using SVD of the developmental time series of gene expression, as measured by both protein and RNA levels, we show that on the highest level of control (representing the basic kinetic behavior of the population), the results are identical, regardless of the type of experiment or cultivation method. The results show that this approach is capable of identifying basic regulatory processes independent of the environment in which the organism lives. It also shows that these processes are manifested equally on protein and RNA levels. Biological interpretation of the correlation of the genes and proteins with significant eigenprofiles (representing the highest level kinetic behavior of protein and/or RNA synthesis) revealed their association with metabolic processes, stress responses, starvation, and secondary metabolite production. [source] The extracellular proteome of Bacillus licheniformis grown in different media and under different nutrient starvation conditionsPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 5 2006Birgit Voigt Dr. No abstracts. [source] Elevated Histone H1 (MPF) and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activities in Pig Oocytes Following In Vitro Maturation do not Indicate Cytoplasmic MaturationREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 2 2009MA Setiadi Contents Effects of different media (TCM 199 + BSA, TCM 199 + FCS, TCM 199 + NBCS, Whitten's medium + BSA) supplemented with estradiol-17, and two isolated and everted follicle shells on MPF and MAP kinase activities and the sensitivity to parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes were examined at the end of culture (48 h). Elevated (P < 0.05) activities of MAP kinase were recorded in metaphase II oocytes following culture in Whitten's medium, whereas MPF levels were lowest (P < 0.05) in MII oocytes matured in TCM 199 supplemented with BSA. Oocytes matured in TCM 199 based media showed higher (P < 0.05) activation rates when compared to oocytes incubated in Whitten's medium. Whitten's medium supplemented with different protein sources (amino acids, FCS, BSA) was used to study the effects of different exposure periods to eCG/hCG stimulation on MPF and MAP kinase activities and in vivo fertilisability following culture for 48 h. MPF and MAP kinase activities were significantly increased by eCG/hCG stimulation of COCs during maturation. Further, the continuous presence of eCG/hCG during culture (48 h) significantly increased the levels of both kinases in comparison to stimulation by gonadotrophins alone during the first 24 h of incubation. In vivo fertilisation of oocytes matured in Whitten's medium supplemented with eCG/hCG for 24 or 48 h led to a significant retardation of early embryonic development compared to ovulated oocytes. In conclusion, media composition and gonadotrophin stimulation affect MPF/MAP kinase activities and the susceptibility to parthenogenetic activation of IVM oocytes. However, elevated kinase levels in pig oocytes following culture do not indicate complete cytoplasmic maturation. [source] INVOLVED SPECTATORSHIP IN ARCHAIC GREEK ARTART HISTORY, Issue 2 2007GUY HEDREEN It is argued that models of spectatorship developed by Alois Riegl and Richard Wollheim offer a productive means of understanding how the Archaic Greek eye cup works. Eye cups represent the faces of particular mythological creatures who expect to see their mythical counterparts in the space occupied by spectators. The decoration of the cups is structured so as to invite the beholder to enter imaginatively into the Dionysiac world. Some representations of silens shown with frontal faces invite a similar response. A significant amount of Archaic poetry experienced, like the vases, in symposia also induced symposiasts temporarily to adopt fictional or mythical personae. As Nietzsche observed in The Birth of Tragedy, a comparable form of involved spectatorship is also at the heart of early Greek drama. A common aesthetic conception of involved spectatorship manifested itself concretely in several different media or cultural forms in late Archaic Greece. [source] Modification of standard freezing media to limit capacitation and maximise motility of frozen-thawed equine spermatozoaAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 12 2003MA SCHEMBRI Objective To investigate cryopreservation-induced capacitation-like changes in equine spermatozoa frozen in three different media using chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence staining analysis. Procedure Semen collected from three stallions was diluted in one of three centrifugation media and, after centrifugation and removal of supernatant, extended in corresponding freezing media containing additional egg yolk, glycerol, lactose and Equex paste. The semen was frozen in 5 mL straws and the spermatozoa assessed for motility and membrane quality after thawing. Results Following centrifugation, spermatozoa diluted with modified Kenney's Centrifugation Medium (MKCM) displayed a higher percentage of (normal) F pattern (94.3%) compared with spermatozoa in Kenney's Centrifugation Medium (KCM) (84.9%) and Glucose-EDTA Centrifugation Medium (GECM) (85.2%). Conversely, the percentage of spermatozoa displaying the (capacitated) B pattern was higher in the KCM (14.1%) and GECM (13.8%) than in the MKCM (5.0%). Following freezing-thawing, there were lower percentages of spermatozoa displaying the AR (acrosome reacted) pattern in modified Kenney's Freezing Medium (MKFM) (45.6%) compared with Kenney's Freezing Medium (KFM) (61.4%) and lactose-EDTA Freezing Medium (LEFM) (61.1%). There was a correspondingly higher percentage of spermatozoa displaying the B pattern in MKFM (52.3%) compared with KFM (37.9%) and LEFM (38.6%). There was no significant difference between the freezing media in the percentage of spermatozoa displaying the F pattern. The percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa was also influenced by the type of freezing medium (P< 0.001). Post-thaw percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa, frozen in MKFM, KFM, and LEFM, were 31.4, 25.8 and 23.3%, respectively. Conclusion MKFM was the preferred medium for cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa due to its superior protection against changes in motility and membrane quality compared with the other freezing media studied. [source] Acceleration of germination and early growth of wheat and bean seedlings grown under various magnetic field and osmotic conditionsBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 2 2010Turgay Cakmak Abstract Magnetic field (MF) can have different effects on plant metabolism depending on its application style, intensity, and environmental conditions. This study reports the effects of different intensities of static MF (4 or 7,mT) on seed germination and seedling growth of bean or wheat seeds in different media having 0, 2, 6, and 10 atmosphere (atm) osmotic pressure prepared with sucrose or salt. The germination percentages of the treated seeds were compared with untreated seeds germinated in different osmotic pressure during 7 days of incubation. The application of both MFs promoted the germination ratios of bean and wheat seeds, regardless of increasing osmotic pressure of sucrose or salt. Growth data measured on the 7th day showed that the treated plants grew faster than control. After 7 days of incubation, the mean length of treated seedlings was statistically higher than control plants in all the media. The greatest germination and growth rates in both plants were from the test groups exposed to 7,mT MF. Strikingly, effects of static MF on germination and growth increased positively with increasing osmotic pressure or salt stress compared to their respective controls. On the other hand, MF application caused an increase in dry biomass accumulation of root and shoots of both seedlings; however, this effect was found statistically important in all the conditions for wheat but not for bean, in general. Bioelectromagnetics 31:120,129, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Characterization and applications of serum-free induced adhesion in jurkat suspension cellsBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 5 2010Julianne F. Audiffred Abstract In this study, we demonstrate that the presence of serum in different media plays an important role in inducing transient and reversible adhesion in Jurkat suspension cells. Attachment of Jurkat cells in two distinct media formulations (serum-fortified and serum-free) to untreated polystyrene (PS), plasma-treated PS, and fibronectin-coated PS was compared. Additional analysis characterized the occurrence of this transient cell adhesion, including attachment rate, reversibility of attachment, and viability and preservation of phenotype in cells during and after attachment. As a demonstration of the utility of this technique, a few applications of transiently adhering Jurkat cells are shown which would be otherwise difficult with freely suspended cells, such as increased gene delivery, confocal-based apoptosis detection, and real-time electric-field effect monitoring in Jurkat cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 784,793. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Controlled Hydrothermal Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Various Nanostructured Films of Copper and Silver TelluridesCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 15 2006Lizhi Zhang Prof. Abstract Various nanostructured films of copper and silver tellurides were hydrothermally grown on the corresponding metal substrates through reactions between metal foils and tellurium powder in different media. Interesting morphologies including nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanosheets, and hierarchical dendrites were obtained. The nanostructured films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). A growth mechanism was proposed based on the characterization results. This study provides a low-temperature, solution-phase approach to grow low-dimensional, nanostructured metal tellurides with controllable morphologies. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||