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Different Kinds (different + kind)
Selected AbstractsA Different Kind of Union: Balancing Co-Management and RepresentationINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 2 2001Saul A. Rubinstein Local unions engaging in co-management and joint governance arrangements require new capacities and organizational forms to balance managerial responsibilities with representation of both the collective and individual interests of the membership. This article examines the evolution of the local union at General Motors' Saturn Corporation through the internal and external tensions created by the challenges faced in assuming these roles. A new model of local unionism, grounded in this experience and data, is outlined for further testing and research. [source] Are Nativists a Different Kind of Democrat?POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001"Outsiders" in Japan, Democratic Values This paper combines three elements: a discussion of democratic values and the status of outsiders in Japanese political culture, the development of new measures to examine sensitive issues of nativism and foreigner perception in Japan, and an empirical exploration of the relationship between democratic values and antipathy toward outsiders. Two forms of democratic orientation were investigated in a sample of about 1,000 university students in Japan: a defensive version, which adheres to the formalistic requirements of democracy but is exclusionary and illiberal, and a universalist version that is liberal and tolerant. A defensive orientation is associated with greater chauvinism, a greater sense of threat emanating from foreigners, and a heightened anxiety about economic competition. A universalist orientation is associated with low perceived threat and low chauvinism, a lack of fear of economic competition, and a positive view of the cultural contributions of outsiders. Nativism may indeed be compatible with democratic values, but only with the defensive, exclusionary form. In short, the defensive form is democracy for xenophobes. Such an orientation is not unique to Japan, but is likely to be found in developing democracies as well as in advanced democracies that feel threatened. [source] Internalism and Different Kinds of ReasonsPHILOSOPHICAL FORUM, Issue 1 2003Joshua Gert First page of article [source] ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to the Synthesis of Polyoxometalate Encapsulating Different Kinds of Oxoanions as Heteroions: Bisphosphitopyrophosphatotriacontamolybdate [(HPO3)2 (P2O7)Mo30O90]8- .CHEMINFORM, Issue 8 2009Sayuri Maeda Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Er3F[SiO4][SeO3]2: An ErF3 -Derivative with Two Different Kinds of Complex Oxoanions.CHEMINFORM, Issue 31 2008Christian Lipp Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Toxicity Effect of Pb(II) on Two Different Kinds of Microbes Measured by MicrocalorimetryCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2009Nan GAI Abstract In this work, microcalorimetric technique was used to analyze Pb(II) toxic action on the metabolic activities of Candida humicola and Bacillus subtilis. The experimental results revealed that Pb(II) had a stimulating effect on C. humicola and B. subtilis growth at a relatively low concentration (10.0 g·mL,1); while, C. humicola and B. subtilis were inhibited completely when the concentrations were up to 320.0 and 160.0 g·mL,1, respectively, and the relationships between growth rate constant (k) and doses of Pb(II) were approximately linear for the two microbes at certain concerntrations. At the same time, their cell dry weight and turbidity (OD600) during growth were also obtained. Their thermogenic curves of the growth coincided well with their turbidity curves, elucidating that the microcalorimetric method agreed with the routine microbiology methods. All of these corroborate the validity and sensitivity of the microcalorimetric technique to investigate the toxic effect of Pb(II) on soil microorganisms. [source] Electrolytic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coating on CoNiCrMo SubstratesADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010Dong-Yang Lin Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was fabricated on CoNiCrMo alloy by electrolytic deposition (ELD). Different kinds of uncharged substrates were placed close to the cathode separately during the ELD process. Both CoNiCrMo and uncharged substrates were covered with uniform HA coatings composed of hexagonal prism crystals after 60,min deposition. The pH value of the bulk solution changed hardly while the local pH had a sharp increase after ELD. The results demonstrate the local pH plays a crucial role in the ELD process. [source] Rabeprazole- versus Esomeprazole-Based Eradication Regimens for H. pylori InfectionHELICOBACTER, Issue 6 2007I-Chen Wu Abstract Background: Different kinds of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies could result in different Helicobacter pylori eradication rates. Aim: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole- and esomeprazole-based triple therapy in primary treatment of H. pylori infection in Taiwan. Patients and Methods: From June 2005 to March 2007, 420 H. pylori -infected patients were randomly assigned to receive a 7-day eradication therapy with either esomeprazole 40 mg daily (EAC group, n = 209) or rabeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. (RAC group, n = 211) in combination with amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.. Follow-up endoscopy with biopsy was done 12,16 weeks after completion of eradication therapy. Those who refused endoscopic exams underwent 13C-urea breath test to assess the treatment response. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed that the eradication rate was 89.4% in the EAC group and 90.5% in RAC groups (p -value = .72). All of the subjects returned for assessment of compliance (100% in EAC group vs. 99.5% in RAC group, p -value = .32) and adverse events (3.83% in EAC group vs. 6.16% in RAC group, p -value = .27). Sixty (28.7%) and 37 (17.6%) patients in EAC and RAC group, respectively, refused endoscopy and underwent a 13C-urea breath test to determine the treatment effect. Conclusion: In conclusion, rabeprazole- and esomeprazole-based primary therapies for H. pylori infection are comparable in efficacy and safety. [source] Assessment of the Ecological Status of Streams in Two Carpathian SubregionsINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY, Issue 4-5 2007Il'ja Krno Abstract A multimetric assessment system was developed to determine the ecological status of two types of stream in the Carpathian ecoregion following the requirements of the WFD. The organic pollution gradient was defined using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Classification based on physical, chemical and biological data divided the tested sites into two stream types with subsequent grouping into several ecological quality classes. From all the metrics tested, 17 for the East Carpathian streams and 15 for the West Carpathian streams, from seven metric categories, were included in the resulting multimetric index. Different kinds of response to degradation (linear, unimodal, exponential) were observed. The Saprobic index (Zelinka and Marvan), Rheoindex (Banning, with abundance classes) and Index of Biocenotic region, showed the best discriminatory ability for both stream types. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] On Nursing Theories and EvidenceJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2001Jacqueline Fawcett Purpose: To expand the understanding of what constitutes evidence for theory-guided, evidence-based nursing practice from a narrow focus on empirics to a more comprehensive focus on diverse patterns of knowing. Organizing construct: Carper's four fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing,empirical, ethical, personal, and aesthetic,are required for nursing practice. A different mode of inquiry is required to develop knowledge about and evidence for each pattern. Conclusions: Theory, inquiry, and evidence are inextricably linked. Each pattern of knowing can be considered a type of theory, and the modes of inquiry appropriate to the generation and testing of each type of theory provide diverse sources of data for evidence-based nursing practice. Different kinds of nursing theories provide different lenses for critiquing and interpreting the different kinds of evidence essential for theory-guided, evidence-based holistic nursing practice. [source] An in vitro assessment of the strength of porcelain veneers dependent on tooth preparationJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 12 2000P. Hahn The treatment of teeth using veneer restorations combines aesthetic and functional improvements with a low destructive technique. Different kinds of tooth preparation techniques are described in the literature for this kind of restoration. This in vitro study aimed to examine the influence of the incisal preparation on the loadability of teeth restored with porcelain laminate veneers. Thirty-six selected mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to three groups with 12 teeth per group. In the first group, only the facial surface was prepared. In the second group, the preparation included a rounded incisal edge and a distinct chamfer lingually. The third group served as an unprepared control. Empress® veneers were then fabricated and cemented with a low viscous luting composite material. After 120 days storage in Ringer's solution, the specimens were loaded incisally to the point of failure. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences between the series (P=0·0103). Group 2 (with preparation of the incisal edge) exhibited the lowest fracture resistance (466±99 N) (N, mean forces). When prepared only facially, the teeth restored with Empress® veneers reached the strength of unprepared teeth. Compared with the biting force described for incisors in the literature, the in vitro loadability reached in this investigation seems to jusitify the clinical use of both preparation designs tested. [source] Lack of universal conductance features in disordered graphene nanoribbonsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 3-4 2010Antonino La Magna Abstract Recent experimental characterisation of graphene flakes has demonstrated the existence of local structural alterations of the ideal honeycomb lattice whose influence on the conductance mechanism of this material has not yet been fully evaluated. In this study a numerical statistical analysis of the conductance distribution function in disordered graphene nanoribbons is presented. Calculations are performed in statistically equivalent replica large systems within the Non Equilibrium Green's Function formalism. Different kinds of local scattering centers have been considered. A characteristic general behavior of the conductance variance in these quasi one-dimensional systems is the linear scaling with the average of logarithm of the conductance, in the localization regime. However, in a broad class of realization of the local disorder, the slope is not a constant as the disorder degree varies in any region of the energy spectrum, i.e. the single parameters scaling hypothesis is not verified (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Determination of ion track and shapes with damage simulations on the base of ellipsometric and backscattering spectrometric measurementsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 5 2008O. Polgár Abstract On the base of geometrical and statistical considerations a damage simulator was created in order to determine the ion track-radius and -shape of ion-implantation caused damage in single-crystalline Si. Damage vs. dose curves calculated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry (RBS/C) measurements, using different doses of 100 keV Xe implantation, gave information about the damage profile in depth. Both methods are required, because of dose-dependent discrepancies of SE compared with RBS/C [Fried et al., Thin Solid Films 455/456, 404 (2004)]. Different kinds of damage models were investigated to calculate the ion track-radius and to describe the damages in depth and the shape of ion track. Comparing directly the simulated and the measured damage vs. dose curves, the damage function and the other simulation parameters were optimized and hence the ion track size and even the shape can be determined. The dose dependent mean size of the unchanged crystalline regions, obtained from the simulation was correlated with the complex dielectric functions, obtained from the SE analysis. The results clearly show the effect of decreasing size of the unchanged crystalline regions. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Teaching of Anatomy of Genital Organs in the Large AnimalsANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005G. M. Constantinescu At the University of Missouri-Columbia, USA, teaching the anatomy of genital organs in large (and in small) animals is clinically oriented. In the male horse, ox, and pig, the descriptive anatomy of the structures is taught in that order as they are listed in Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Clinical correlates are immediately mentioned in relation to each of the following structures. The testicle, epididymis, ductus deferens, spermatic cord, and tunics of spermatic cord and testis are correlated to the castration, criptorchidism, ectopic testicles, and inguinal herniae, as well as to the landmarks and approaches to different clinical techniques. The penis and male urethra are correlated to the prolapse of the prepuce, ulcerative posthitis, balanitis, penile deviation, penischisis, persistent penile frenulum, short retractor penis muscle, catheterization of the urethra, the contagious equine metritis (CEM), etc. In the female horse, ox and pig, following the similar order as in the male species, the ovary and the salpinx are correlated to the diagnosis of pregnancy by rectal exploration, ovarian hypoplasia, ectopic pregnancy, and ovariectomy. The uterus is correlated to the different aspects of metritis and endometritis, to the retained placenta, pyometra, uterine torsion, uterine prolapse and eversion, Caesarian section, diagnosis of pregnancy and different stages of oestrus by rectal exploration, double external ostium of the cervix, distocia, and the assessment of possible difficulties in the birth process. The vagina and vestibulum vaginae are correlated to the gaertneritis, vaginal and cervical prolapse, vaginitis, catheterization of the urinary bladder, and pelvimetry. The vulva and clitoris are correlated to vulvitis, balanitis, distocia, episiotomy, and transmissible genital diseases. Different kinds of udder diseases (mastitis) are based on the thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the udder including the blood and nerve supply and the lymphatic system. The two techniques of epidural anesthesia (Magda and Farquharson in ruminants) and subsacral anaesthesia (Popescu) for diagnosis and treatment purposes are explained in detail. [source] The effect of material, thermal and laser conditioning on the damage threshold of type II tripler-cut DKDP crystalsCRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Shao-Tao Sun Abstract By using the traditional temperature-reduction method, KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystals were grown from 85%-deuterated aqueous solution synthesized by different kind of KH2PO4 (KDP) raw materials. An experimental technique was employed to measure the variation of bulk damage threshold in plates of DKDP crystals. Bulk laser damage in unconditioned, thermal-conditioned and laser-conditioned type II tripler-cut DKDP crystals has been studied using 1064 nm (,) and 355 nm (3,) laser at pulse lengths of 5ns, 5ns respectively. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] A Declaration of IndependenceECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2000David Graham Television was a true mass medium, its ,classic' output located within the concerns and lives of ordinary people. Television was also the amphitheatre of the nation, in which great events were played out. As a result of its massive power, regulation was imposed on it. By the 1970s, the unitary power of national channels was beginning to break down, first with the arrival of the VCR, then with satellite and cable. Along with this, came a growing separation of the broadcasting from the creative or programme making function driven by ,independent' producers. This divergence is now being hastened by the end of ,spectrum scarcity'. Creative companies and teams will strive to control their work and share in the rewards of their success in a way that will create a very different kind of entertainment industry in the 21st Century. [source] Influence of Kmax and R on Fatigue Crack Growth,A 3D-ModelADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 4 2010Hans-Joachim Gudladt To study the influence of the stress intensity factor and the R-ratio on the fatigue crack growth rate different kind of crack propagation experiment have been carried out on the steels X5CrNi18-10 and C45E. The experiments show that both parameters the maximum stress intensity Kmax and the R-ratio affect the crack growth rate. Consequently, the authors developed a 3D-model, which describes the dependence of da/dN on Kmax and the R-ratio. Discussing the experiments, special attention has been paid to the threshold behavior of the investigated materials. Finally, a new model to describe the influence of the R-ratio on the threshold Kmax,th for R-ratios from ,, to 1 is presented. [source] The origins of food production in north China: A different kind of agricultural revolution,EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Robert L. Bettinger Abstract By roughly 8,000 calendar years before the present (calBP), hunter-gatherers across a broad swath of north China had begun small-scale farming of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica).1,6 According to traditional wisdom, this early millet farming evolved from the intensive hunter-gatherer adaptation represented by the late Pleistocene microblade tradition of northern China,2, 7 termed here the North China Microlithic. The archeological record of this hunter-gatherer connection is poorly documented, however, and as a result the early agricultural revolution in north China is not as well understood as those that occurred in other parts of the world. The Laoguantai site of Dadiwan, in the western Loess Plateau, Gansu Province, PRC, furnishes the first complete record of this transition, which unfolded quite differently from other, better known, agricultural revolutions. [source] The archaeal flagellum: a different kind of prokaryotic motility structureFEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Issue 2 2001Nikhil A Thomas Abstract The archaeal flagellum is a unique motility apparatus distinct in composition and likely in assembly from the bacterial flagellum. Gene families comprised of multiple flagellin genes co-transcribed with a number of conserved, archaeal-specific accessory genes have been identified in several archaea. However, no homologues of any bacterial genes involved in flagella structure have yet been identified in any archaeon, including those archaea in which the complete genome sequence has been published. Archaeal flagellins possess a highly conserved hydrophobic N-terminal sequence that is similar to that of type IV pilins and clearly unlike that of bacterial flagellins. Also unlike bacterial flagellins but similar to type IV pilins, archaeal flagellins are initially synthesized with a short leader peptide that is cleaved by a membrane-located peptidase. With recent advances in genetic transfer systems in archaea, knockouts have been reported in several genes involved in flagellation in different archaea. In addition, techniques to isolate flagella with attached hook and anchoring structures have been developed. Analysis of these preparations is under way to identify minor structural components of archaeal flagella. This and the continued isolation and characterization of flagella mutants should lead to significant advances in our knowledge of the composition and assembly of archaeal flagella. [source] Militant Protestants: British Identity in the Jacobean Period, 1603,1625HISTORY, Issue 314 2009JASON C. WHITE The ,new British history' still has a great deal to offer when it comes to understanding the formation and conceptualization of British identity before the advent of the British state. This article focuses on the aftermath of the 1603 ,union of crowns' under James VI and I. Up to now it has been the consensus among historians that British identity was mostly limited to James himself and that he, rather clumsily, attempted to impose the idea of Britain on his unwilling subjects in England and Scotland. However, by paying more attention to the thoughts and aspirations about Britain, a different kind of British identity can be discerned. There were many individuals in both Scotland and England who believed that the union of crowns created one of the most powerful Protestant kingdoms in Europe. For these individuals British identity was a militant Protestant identity. They embraced the idea that Britain should be an active protector of Protestantism and that it should use this combined military might to extirpate the papal Antichrist. While the militant Protestant version of British identity was always a minority opinion, its existence reveals that there were alternative ways to thinking about Britain that did not necessarily originate with James VI and I, nor was it limited to or inhibited by traditional antagonisms between England and Scotland. [source] Simplified models for the performance evaluation of desiccant wheel dehumidificationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003M. Beccali Abstract In the present communication, simple models have been presented to evaluate the performance of rotary desiccant wheels based on different kind of solid desiccants e.g. silica gel and LiCl. The first part of the paper presents ,Model 54' which is developed for silica gel desiccant rotor. The model has been derived from the interpolation of experimental data obtained from the industry and the correlations have been developed for predicting outlet temperature and absolute humidity. The ,Model 54' consists of 54 coefficients corresponding to each correlation for outlet absolute humidity and temperature and it is found that the model predicts very well the performance of silica gel desiccant rotor (Type-I). In the second part of the paper, a psychrometric model has been presented to obtain relatively simple correlations for outlet temperature and absolute humidity. The developed psychometric model is based on the correlations between the relative humidity and enthalpy of supply and regeneration air streams. The model is used to predict the performance of three type of desiccant rotors manufactured by using different kind of solid desiccants (Type I, II and III). The model is tested corresponding to a wide range of measurement data. The developed psychometric model is simple in nature and able to predict very well the performance of different kind of desiccant rotors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A cooperative perception system for multiple UAVs: Application to automatic detection of forest firesJOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS (FORMERLY JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS), Issue 3-4 2006Luis Merino This paper presents a cooperative perception system for multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It considers different kind of sensors: infrared and visual cameras and fire detectors. The system is based on a set of multipurpose low-level image-processing functions including segmentation, stabilization of sequences of images, and geo-referencing, and it also involves data fusion algorithms for cooperative perception. It has been tested in field experiments that pursued autonomous multi-UAV cooperative detection, monitoring, and measurement of forest fires. This paper presents the overall architecture of the perception system, describes some of the implemented cooperative perception techniques, and shows experimental results on automatic forest fire detection and localization with cooperating UAVs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Egalitarian consultation meetings: an alternative to received wisdom about clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing practiceJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2000C. Stevenson RMN BA (HONS) PhD Clinical supervision (CS) has become a watchword for psychiatric nursing. Yet, there are contradictions and controversies in academic and professional discourse in relation to the nature of CS, both structure and process, its effectiveness and how this is ascertained, the preparation of supervisor and supervisee, and the quality of the supervisory relationship. The perception of such discord encouraged the authors of this paper to step outside the debate and enact a different kind of CS, which came to be known as egalitarian consultation (EC). Egalitarian consultation meetings (ECMs) were established with the postmodern turn in psychiatric nursing as a reference point. A space was created in which participants could construct their particular version of CS. The authors and six G-grade community psychiatric nurses engaged with each other for six videotaped meetings. The data from the recordings were analysed using a hermeneutic grounded theory approach (Strauss & Corbin 1994), in keeping with the style of the research, which combined the roles of researcher and practitioner for the authors. The aim was to produce local knowledge of CS. The ECMs were characterized by a sense of freedom in relation to existing rules about hierarchy and truth. The participants, each as expert in her/his own case world, produced engrossing narratives about and for practice. The group developed a cohesiveness based in closeness and this encouraged radical talk and action , a questioning of practice systems. However, for some group members, radical equated to dangerous in terms of the watchful organization and a return to ,real' work (case supervision) was observed. Innovation in relation to CS may benefit from a change in institutional culture. [source] One- and Two-Component Bottle-Brush Polymers: Simulations Compared to Theoretical PredictionsMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 7 2007Hsiao-Ping Hsu Abstract Scaling predictions for bottle-brush polymers with a rigid backbone and flexible side chains under good solvent conditions are discussed and their validity is assessed by a comparison with Monte Carlo simulations of a simple lattice model. It is shown that typically only a rather weak stretching of the side chains is realized, and then the scaling predictions are not applicable. Also two-component bottle brush polymers are considered, where two types (A,B) of side chains are grafted, assuming that monomers of different kind repel each other. In this case, variable solvent quality is allowed. Theories predict "Janus cylinder"-type phase separation along the backbone in this case. The Monte Carlo simulations, using the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) give evidence that the phase separation between an A-rich part of the cylindrical molecule and a B-rich part can only occur locally. The correlation length of this microphase separation can be controlled by the solvent quality. This lack of a phase transition is interpreted by an analogy with models for ferromagnets in one space dimension. [source] The Threat of the Yrmo: The Political Ontology of a Sustainable Hunting ProgramAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 1 2009Mario Blaser ABSTRACT, Various misunderstandings and conflicts associated with attempts to integrate Indigenous Knowledges (IK) into development and conservation agendas have been analyzed from both political economy and political ecology frameworks. With their own particular inflections, and in addition to their focus on issues of power, both frameworks tend to see what occurs in these settings as involving different epistemologies, meaning that misunderstandings and conflicts occur between different and complexly interested perspectives on, or ways of knowing, the world. Analyzing the conflicts surrounding the creation of a hunting program that enrolled the participation of the Yshiro people of Paraguay, in this article I develop a different kind of analysis, one inspired by an emerging framework that I tentatively call "political ontology." I argue that, from this perspective, these kinds of conflicts emerge as being about the continuous enactment, stabilization, and protection of different and asymmetrically connected ontologies. [Keywords: political ontology, multinaturalism, multiculturalism, Paraguay, Indigenous peoples] [source] Prevalence of self-perceived allergic diseases and risk factors in Italian adolescentsPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Sonia Brescianini The aim of the study was to assess the symptoms prevalence of allergic diseases in a population of 11,15 yr old schoolchildren, to evaluate the associations between asthma and other symptoms and identify risk factors for asthma, rhinitis and eczema syndromes. A sample of 481 students was studied using an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Prevalence of different kind of self-reported symptoms was calculated. Using a logistic regression approach, we tried to identify risk factors for three syndromes , rhinitis, eczema and asthma. The highest and the lowest prevalence rates of self-reported symptoms were recorded for rhinitis (43.6%) and for eczema (8.1%), respectively. The prevalence of asthma was 15.7%. Univariate analysis showed a mutual association between wheeze and rhinitis symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression model for eczema syndrome revealed female gender as a significant risk factor. The polytomic logistic multivariate regression revealed female gender and family history of allergy as significant risk factors for rhinitis syndrome only, and maternal smoking and familial allergy for rhinitis and asthma together. In particular, familial allergy yields a 400% higher chance of developing asthma and rhinitis together. The synergistic effect of familial allergy on rhinitis and asthma syndromes suggests the implementation of preventive measures in children with family history of these diseases. [source] Relativity of Value and the Consequentialist UmbrellaTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 217 2004Jennie Lousie Does the real difference between non-consequentialist and consequentialist theories lie in their approach to value? Non-consequentialist theories are thought either to allow a different kind of value (namely, agent-relative value) or to advocate a different response to value (,honouring' rather than ,promoting'). One objection to this idea implies that all normative theories are describable as consequentialist. But then the distinction between honouring and promoting collapses into the distinction between relative and neutral value. A proper description of non-consequentialist theories can only be achieved by including a distinction between temporal relativity and neutrality in addition to the distinction between agent-relativity and agent-neutrality. [source] Organization, Management and Delegation in the French Water IndustryANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2001Jihad C. Elnaboulsi The water industry is largely a natural monopoly. Water distribution and sewerage services are characterized by networks and its natural monopoly derives from the established local networks of drinking water and sewers: they are capital intensive with sunk costs and increasing returns to scale. In France, local communities have a local requirement of providing public services under optimum conditions in terms of techniques and cost-effectiveness, and subject to respect different kind of standards in terms of water quality and level of services. They are responsible for producing and distributing drinking water, and collecting and treating wastewater. Furthermore, the French water utilities are required to be financially self-sufficient. Rate-setting varies across regions and local territories due to a variety of organizational features of services and availability of water resources. The management of these local public services can be public or private: local governments have the right, by the constitution, to delegate water service management to private companies which operate under the oversight of local municipal authorities. Today, nearly 80 per cent of the French population receive private distributed water. Different reasons are responsible for the poor performance and low productivity of most French public water utilities: technical and operational, commercial and financial, human and institutional, and environmental. Thus, many water public utilities have looked for alternative ways to provide water and sanitation services more efficiently, to improve both operational and investment efficiency, and to attract private finance. The purpose of this paper is to present the French organizational system of providing drinking water services, and collecting and treating wastewater services: legal aspects, contracts of delegation, and competition. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 24, Number 3.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 3 2008June 200 Front cover and back cover caption, volume 24 issue 3 Front cover Front cover: Front cover In this issue of ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Adrian Peace takes a critical look at the way in which neo-evolutionary theories and anthropological concepts are brought together in an award-winning campaign to sell more meat in Australia (his article is debated by four respondents on pp 23,25). Among others adopting a critical perspective, the animal rights movement was outraged at claims made about red meat as a ,natural', ,healthy' and ,essential' part of the average Australian diet. Just as a prominent film star was recruited to the ,Red Meat , Feel Good' campaign, the hugely popular Missy Higgins was deployed to front the response from the animal rights movement. The youthful and fresh-faced Australian singer-songwriter, cuddling the vulnerable white piglet, iconically represents an informed, intelligent and humane vegetarian approach to the future in the relationship between human and non-human animals. Higgins here makes a striking plea for ,enlightenment'. Enlightenment of a different kind is offered by the poster reprinted on the back cover, where an Indian transvestite celebrates the joy of a minority gender identity. Although the rights of both human minorities and non-human animals may be ,universal', they must be rendered in culturally specific terms in order to be politically effective. Back cover Back cover: modern enlightenment in ancient sacred sites ,Be enlightened!' In 2006 ,Shelly Innocence' launched a new phone service in Bodhgaya, Bihar, offering customers the opportunity to receive personal text messages of EnlightenmentÔ on their mobile phones. Large billboards with images of this virtual transgendered guru were erected outside the main temple to advertise the service. Not only is Bodhgaya a site of inspiration for millions of Buddhists around the world, but the seat of enlightenment has also come to mean very different things as this cosmopolitan pilgrimage town goes global. For many decades the state of Bihar, where Bodhgaya is located, has been one of the least attractive destinations for pilgrims, tourists and anthropologists because of its notorious reputation as one of the most impoverished and ,lawless' states in the country. However in recent years the Mahabodhi Temple complex in Bodhgaya has become the object of global attention as a UNESCO World Heritage site, setting in motion a series of initiatives to encourage tourism and city development plans. As a result of new conservation policies and demands on the built environment, the World Heritage designation has become invested with a diverse set of claims and meanings by various stakeholders and religious communities. As a site of dense historical, religious and political significance, Bodhgaya today is a unique locus where spiritual and digital worlds collide in the shade of the bodhi tree. [source] The Limits to Evidence-Based Policy: Evidence, Emotion and Criminal Justice1AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2 2010Arie Freiberg While ,evidence-based' or ,rationalist' approaches to criminal policy may appeal to technocrats, bureaucrats and a number of academics, they often fail to compete successfully with the affective approaches to law and order policies which resonate with the public and which appear to meet deep-seated psychological needs. They also often fail to recognise that ,policy' and ,politics' are related concepts and that debates about criminal justice are played out in broader arenas than the academy, the bureau or the agency. To be successful, penal reform must take account of the emotions people feel in the face of wrongdoing. Further, successful reform must take into account changes in public ,mood' or emotions over time and be sensitive to different political and social cultures. This article argues that criminal justice policies are more likely to be adopted if, in addition to the gathering and presentation of evidence, they recognise and deal with the roles of emotions, symbols, faith, belief and religion in the criminal justice system. It also recognises that evidence alone is unlikely to be the major determinant of policy outcomes and that the creation and successful implementation of policy also requires extensive engagement and evidence-based dialogue with interested and affected parties. This necessitates a different kind of modelling for evidence-based policy processes. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||