			Home About us Contact

Different Clones (different + clone)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	50%
Chemistry	33%
Medical Sciences	11%

Selected Abstracts

Degradative enzymatic activities in fresh-cut blood-orange slices during chilled-storage

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
Anna Eghle Catalano
Summary Blood-orange fruits are suitable to fresh-cut fruit production because of their chemical compositions. Nevertheless, the main limitation of using freshly cut oranges is their susceptibility to juiciness loss and ascorbic acid degradation because of enzymatic alterations. The aim of this work is: to identify some of the enzymes causing the qualitative decay in blood-orange slices during 15 days of chilled storage (at 4 ± 0.5 °C and 85% RH); to investigate the susceptibility to the previous alterations of five blood-orange clones (Moro nucellare, Sanguinello nucellare, Tarocco arcimusa, Tarocco gallo and Tarocco meli) to select the most suitable one for fresh-cut production. The enzymes studied were: pectinmethylesterase (PME) as index of juiciness loss, ascorbate oxidase (AAO) as index of ascorbic acid's degradation and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as browning index. As far as we know, the changes of AAO activity during chilled storage of blood-orange fresh-cut slices has not previously reported and studied. Different clones showed different enzymatic activities and quality changes during chilled-storage. In particular a low juiciness loss in orange slices was correlated with a lower PME activity, as described in T. meli clone, while a high degradation of ascorbic acid was correlated with an higher AAO activity, as described in T. gallo clone; PPO activity seemed to have no significant action in quality degradation. Tarocco meli was the most suitable clone to the fresh-cut blood-orange production because it has the lowest enzymatic activity (PME, PPO and AAO) and the highest sensorial quality. [source]

Anthocyanin fingerprint of clones of Tempranillo grapes and wines made with them

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009
E. REVILLA
Abstract Background and Aims:, Different clones with distinctive enological characteristics have been identified in many grape cultivars, but data on differences in anthocyanin composition of clones of the same cultivar are scarce. Thus, it has been considered of interest to check changes in the anthocyanin fingerprint of six different clones of Tempranillo grapes grown in the same vineyard, and of wines made with them, over three consecutive years. Methods and Results:, Data were submitted to different statistical procedures. Despite slight differences in the anthocyanin fingerprint of some clones (relative content of different anthocyanins analysed), variations from year to year were more important than differences in the anthocyanin profile of the clones considered. This fact was also observed when the content (mg/kg grapes) of those molecules was considered. Moreover, Tempranillo wines made with different clones could be classified by discriminant analysis, using the anthocyanin fingerprint or the levels (mg/L wine) of several anthocyanins as predictor variables, and the year grapes were collected as a classification factor. Conclusions:, The anthocyanin fingerprint of six clones of Tempranillo grapes grown in the same vineyard and that of wines made with them over three consecutive years was affected mostly by weather conditions, despite slight differences in the anthocyanin fingerprint of some clones. Significance of the Study:, This is the first report on the anthocyanin composition of different clones of Tempranillo grapes and of wines made with them, and indicates that anthocyanin fingerprint of Tempranillo wines depends mainly on agroclimatic factors, and not on genetic differences among clones. [source]

Functional differentiation of a clone resembling embryonic cortical interneuron progenitors

DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 14 2008
Hedong Li
Abstract We have generated clones (L2.3 and RG3.6) of neural progenitors with radial glial properties from rat E14.5 cortex that differentiate into astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Here, we describe a different clone (L2.2) that gives rise exclusively to neurons, but not to glia. Neuronal differentiation of L2.2 cells was inhibited by bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) and enhanced by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) similar to cortical interneuron progenitors. Compared with L2.3, differentiating L2.2 cells expressed significantly higher levels of mRNAs for glutamate decarboxylases (GADs), DLX transcription factors, calretinin, calbindin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and somatostatin. Increased levels of DLX-2, GADs, and calretinin proteins were confirmed upon differentiation. L2.2 cells differentiated into neurons that fired action potentials in vitro, and their electrophysiological differentiation was accelerated and more complete when cocultured with developing astroglial cells but not with conditioned medium from these cells. The combined results suggest that clone L2.2 resembles GABAergic interneuron progenitors in the developing forebrain. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008 [source]

When monocytes and platelets compete: The effect of platelet count on the flow cytometric measurement of monocyte CD36,

CYTOMETRY, Issue 2 2010
W.H. Dzik
Abstract Background: Flow cytometric measurement of monocyte surface CD36 is relevant to several conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid disorders, platelet isoimmunization, and susceptibility to P falciparum malaria. CD36 is also strongly expressed on platelets where it is also known as platelet glycoprotein IV. Methods: Whole blood samples, containing identical monocyte concentrations, were adjusted to contain platelets ranging from 20,000/uL to 600,000/uL, were stained with fluorescent-labeled anti-CD36, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: CD36 median fluorescent intensity (MFI) observed on monocytes decreased as the platelet concentration in the sample increased with more than a 50% decline in monocyte MFI over the normal range of platelet values. The effect was not abolished by using larger volumes of monoclonal antibody and was observed with different clones of reagent anti-CD36. The findings were most consistent with competition by platelets for the CD36 reagent. Similar findings were observed with antibody to class I HLA. Under defined assay conditions, monocyte CD36 MFI declined with rising platelet concentration in a predictable fashion following an inverse linear relationship. Conclusions: Measurement of CD36 expression on monocytes by flow cytometry in whole blood samples is affected by the sample platelet count. When comparing the monocyte CD36 expression among different individuals, our approach can be used to adjust measured monocyte CD36 expression for the effect of the platelet concentration in the sample. Competition by platelets for monoclonal reagents may occur in other settings when whole blood assays are used and when the target antigen is strongly expressed on both platelets and leukocytes. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society [source]

Secretion of proteases in serglycin transfected Madin,Darby canine kidney cells

FEBS JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006
Lillian Zernichow
Madin,Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, which do not normally express the proteoglycan (PG) serglycin, were stably transfected with cDNA for human serglycin fused to a polyhistidine tag (His-tag). Clones with different levels of serglycin mRNA expression were generated. One clone with lower and one with higher serglycin mRNA expression were selected for this study. 35S-labelled serglycin in cell fractions and conditioned media was isolated using HisTrap affinity chromatography. Serglycin could also be detected in conditioned media using western blotting. To investigate the possible importance of serglycin linked to protease secretion, enzyme activities using chromogenic substrates and zymography were measured in cell fractions and serum-free conditioned media of the different clones. Cells were cultured in both the absence and presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In general, enzyme secretion was strongly enhanced by treatment with PMA. Our analyses revealed that the clone with the highest serglycin mRNA expression, level of HisTrap isolated 35S-labelled serglycin, and amount of serglycin core protein as detected by western blotting, also showed the highest secretion of proteases. Transfection of serglycin into MDCK cells clearly leads to changes in secretion levels of secreted endogenous proteases, and could provide further insight into the biosynthesis and secretion of serglycin and potential partner molecules. [source]

Transfection of the c- erbB2/neu gene upregulates the expression of sialyl Lewis X, ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII, and metastatic potential in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line

FEBS JOURNAL, Issue 12 2001
Fei Liu
The pCMV4 plasmid containing the cancer-promoting gene, c- erbB2/neu, was cotransfected into the human hepatocarcinoma cell line 7721 with the pcDNA3 vector, which contains the ,neo' selectable marker. Several clones showing stable expression of c- erbB2/neu were established and characterized by determination of c- erbB2/neu mRNA and its encoded protein p185. Expression of Lewis antigens and ,1,3-fucosyltransferases and the biological behavior of 7721 cells after c- erbB2/neu transfection were studied using mock cells transfected with the vectors pCMV4 and pcDNA3 as controls. SLex expression on the surface of mock cells was high, whereas expression of SDLex, Lex and SLea was absent or negligible. This is compatible with the abundant expression of ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII, very low expression of ,fucosyltransferase III/VI, and almost absent expression of ,1,3-fucosyltransferase IV in the mock cells. After transfection of c- erbB2/neu, expression of SLex and ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII were simultaneously elevated, but that of ,fucosyltransferase III/VI was not altered. The expression of both SLex and ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII correlated positively with the expression of c- erbB2/neu in different clones, being highest in clone 13, medium in clone 6, and lowest in clone 7. In addition, the adhesion of 7721 cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or P-selectin, as well as cell migration and invasion, were increased in c- erbB2/neu -transfected cells. These increases also correlated positively with the expression intensities of c- erbB2/neu, SLex and ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII in the different clones, whereas cell adhesion to fibronectin correlated negatively with these variables. mAbs to SLex (KM93) and SDLex (FH6) significantly and slightly, respectively, abolished cell adhesion to HUVECs or P-selectin and cell migration and invasion. mAbs to SDLex and SLea did not suppress cell adhesion to HUVECs nor inhibit cell migration and invasion. Transfection of ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII cDNA into 7721 cells showed similar results to transfection of c- erbB2/neu, and the increased adhesion to HUVECs, cell migration, and invasion were also inhibited significantly by KM93 and slightly by FH6. These results indicate that expression of ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII and its specific product, SLex, and their capacity for cell adhesion, migration and invasion are closely related. Therefore, the c- erbB2/neu gene is proposed to be a metastasis-promoting gene, and its effects are at least partially mediated by the increased expression of ,1,3-fucosyltransferase VII and SLex. [source]

Rust severity in bioenergy willow plantations treated with additional nutrients

FOREST PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
M. Toome
Summary A 3-year field study was carried out to determine the effect of wastewater irrigation and previous differences in mineral fertilization on the occurrence of willow leaf rust (Melampsora epitea). The experiment was conducted in two energy forest plantations: one designed for wastewater purification and the other as a mineral fertilization experiment. The severity of leaf rust on different clones and sites with different treatments was assessed by counting the number of uredinia per leaf unit area. Generally, plants irrigated with wastewater consistently had more leaf rust, irrespective of the study years or willow clones. Previous mineral fertilization had mixed effects on different clones 2 years after the last application. Three years after the last fertilizer application, however, no impact of the treatment on rust disease development was detected. In general, the rust levels differed from year to year probably due to climate. In this study, no correlation was detected between shoot age and rust severity, whereas climate and treatments strongly influenced leaf rust levels on some willow clones. [source]

Paradoxical enhancement of oxidative cell injury by overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 in an anchorage-dependent cell ECV304

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2004
Keiko Maruhashi
Abstract There has been increasing evidence suggesting the potent anti-inflammatory roles of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in protecting renal tubular epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and circulating monocytes. Based on these findings, novel therapeutic interventions have been proposed to control the expression of endothelial HO-1 levels to ameliorate various vascular diseases. We evaluated the effect of HO-1 gene transfer into an anchorage-dependent cell, ECV304. Effect of HO-1 production on the cell injury induced by hydrogen peroxide was evaluated after hemin stimulation and after HO-1 gene transfection. Morphological changes and the induction of various anti-apoptotic proteins were examined at the same time. Levels of HO-1 expression were variable in different clones of HO-1-transfected ECV304 cells. Among these, the clones with moderate levels of HO-1 expression were significantly more resistant to oxidative stress. In contrast, those with the highest levels of HO-1 exhibited paradoxically enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury. Interestingly, the cell survival after oxidative stress was in parallel with the levels of Bcl-2 expression and of fibronectin receptor, ,5 integrin. It is suggested from these results, that excessive HO-1 not only leads to enhanced cell injury, but also prolongs the repair process of the injured endothelial tissue. However, HO-1 reduces the oxidative cell injury and protects the endothelial cells, if its expression is appropriately controlled. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Genotypic characterization of Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from subgingival plaque and blood sample in positive bacteremia subjects with periodontitis

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2008
P. Juliana Pérez-Chaparro
Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate clonal relationship among Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from subgingival plaque and blood samples in positive transient bacteremia subjects with periodontitis. Material and Methods: Unrelated patients with general chronic periodontitis or general aggressive periodontitis requiring scaling and root planing (SRP) were included in the study. Genotyping of each isolate was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis technique. Genetic relatedness of strains isolated within an individual or between different patients was determined by dendogram analysis. Results: Following SRP, from 16 patients, seven patients showed positive P. gingivalis bacteremia and nine were negative. Thirty-two strains were isolated from subgingival plaque and blood samples before and during induced transient bacteremia. The majority of the patients harboured one clonal type. Two patients showed different clones in plaque and blood samples suggesting that more than one clone can be found in subgingival plaque. P. gingivalis isolates from periodontitis patients after transient bacteremia following SRP, revealed a high heterogeneity among isolates. Conclusion: In 6/16 subjects the same P. gingivalis isolate was found in the blood and in oral cavity. P. gingivalis heterogeneity suggests no association of a unique clonal type with transient bacteremia. [source]

Variation in clones of the sperm-dependent parthenogenetic Carassius gibelio (Bloch) in Lake Pamvotis (north-west Greece)

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
V. Liousia
Variation in three different clones of the invasive sperm-dependent, cyprinid fish Carassius gibelio were examined in Lake Pamvotis (north-west Greece). Differences between the clones were found in their proportion in the population, in their age structure, in the time of arrival to their spawning grounds and in the coefficients of the von Bertalanffy growth equation. [source]

Symposium 10: Differentiation Plasticity of Stem Cells

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 2002
S. S. Liour
The major role of radial glial cells in neuronal development is to provide support and guidance for neuronal migration. In vitro, neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have also been generated from neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells, but the generation of radial glial cells in vitro has not yet been reported. Since radial glial cells can lead to neurons and astrocytes during brain development, neurogenesis and gliogenesis of stem cells in vitro may at least in part also utilize the same mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we utilized five different clones of embryonic (ES) and embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cell lines to investigate the differentiation of radial glial cells during in vitro neural differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that radial glial cells can be generated from ES/EC cell lines. These ES/EC cell-derived radial glial cells are similar in morphology to radial glial cells in vivo. They also express several cytoskeletal markers that are characteristics of radial glial cells in vivo. The processes of these in vitro -generated radial glial cells are organized into scaffolds that appear to support the migration of newly generated neurons in culture. Like radial glial cells in vivo, they appear to differentiate subsequently into astrocytes. Differentiation of radial glial cells may be a common pathway during in vitro neural differentiation of ES cells. This novel in vitro model system may facilitate the investigation of regulation of radial glial cell differentiation and its biological function. Acknowledgements:, Supported by USPHS Grant NS11853 and a grant from the Children's Medical Research Foundation. [source]

Patterns, sources and ecological implications of clonal diversity in apomictic Ranunculus carpaticola (Ranunculus auricomus complex, Ranunculaceae)

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
O. PAUN
Abstract Sources and implications of genetic diversity in agamic complexes are still under debate. Population studies (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, microsatellites) and karyological methods (Feulgen DNA image densitometry and flow cytometry) were employed for characterization of genetic diversity and ploidy levels of 10 populations of Ranunculus carpaticola in central Slovakia. Whereas two diploid populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, as expected for sexual reproduction, eight populations are hexaploid and harbour lower degrees of genotypic variation, but maintain high levels of heterozygosity at many loci, as is typical for apomicts. Polyploid populations consist either of a single AFLP genotype or of one dominant and a few deviating genotypes. genotype/genodive and character incompatibility analyses suggest that genotypic variation within apomictic populations is caused by mutations, but in one population probably also by recombination. This local facultative sexuality may have a great impact on regional genotypic diversity. Two microsatellite loci discriminated genotypes separated by the accumulation of few mutations (,clone mates') within each AFLP clone. Genetic diversity is partitioned mainly among apomictic populations and is not geographically structured, which may be due to facultative sexuality and/or multiple colonizations of sites by different clones. Habitat differentiation and a tendency to inhabit artificial meadows is more pronounced in apomictic than in sexual populations. We hypothesize that maintenance of genetic diversity and superior colonizing abilities of apomicts in temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments are important for their distributional success. [source]

Co-occurrence in nature of different clones of the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
A. Fortunato
Abstract The social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, produces a multicellular fruiting body and has become a model system for cell,cell interactions such as signalling, adhesion and development. However, unlike most multicellular organisms, it forms by aggregation of cells and, in the laboratory, forms genetic chimeras where there may be competition among clones. Here we show that chimera formation is also likely in nature, because different clones commonly co-occur on a very small scale. This suggests that D. discoideum will likely have evolved strategies for competing in chimeras, and that the function of some developmental genes will be competitive. Natural chimerism also makes D. discoideum a good model organism for the investigation of issues relating to coexistence and conflict between cells. [source]

Susceptibility of invasive taxa of European blackberry to rust disease caused by the uredinial stage of Phragmidium violaceum under field conditions in Australia

PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
K. J. Evans
European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.) is an aggregate of closely related taxa, with at least 15 taxa naturalized in Australia. Biological control of this Weed of National Significance, using the nonindigenous rust fungus Phragmidium violaceum, is effective when the weather is conducive to multiple cycles of infection, but some blackberry taxa escape severe disease. Thirty-one taxa of naturalized R. fruticosus agg. from southeastern Australia were isolated, their DNA phenotype determined and clones of each taxon inoculated with P. violaceum isolate SA1. Disease development was monitored for at least four generations of uredinia on large potted plants under field conditions. Although variation in mean disease severity appeared continuous over the range of Rubus clones tested, counts of uredinia and telia enabled identification of eight resistant taxa. Fine scale variation in susceptibility to rust disease was observed when different clones of R. leucostachys with the same DNA phenotype were found to express either resistance or susceptibility to P. violaceum (SA1). There were significant differences among 23 Rubus taxa rated as susceptible to rust disease in the mean number of leaves emerging per latent period of uredinia (LELPU). Mean LELPU appeared to account for some of the variation in two measures of mean disease severity observed among susceptible Rubus clones, although the correlation was insignificant (0·10 < P > 0·05). [source]

Probing genetic algorithms for feature selection in comprehensive metabolic profiling approach

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 8 2008
Wei Zou
Six different clones of 1-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown under standardized conditions in a green house were used for sample preparation and further analysis. Three independent and complementary analytical techniques for metabolic profiling were applied in the present study: hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC-LC/ESI-MS), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC/ESI-MS), and gas chromatography all coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). Unsupervised methods, such as principle component analysis (PCA) and clustering, and supervised methods, such as classification, were used for data mining. Genetic algorithms (GA), a multivariate approach, was probed for selection of the smallest subsets of potentially discriminative classifiers. From more than 2000 peaks found in total, small subsets were selected by GA as highly potential classifiers allowing discrimination among six investigated genotypes. Annotated GC/TOF-MS data allowed the generation of a small subset of identified metabolites. LC/ESI-MS data and small subsets require further annotation. The present study demonstrated that combination of comprehensive metabolic profiling and advanced data mining techniques provides a powerful metabolomic approach for biomarker discovery among small molecules. Utilizing GA for feature selection allowed the generation of small subsets of potent classifiers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Plasticity of clonal populations of dedifferentiated adult human articular chondrocytes

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 5 2003
Andrea Barbero
Objective To investigate whether adult human articular chondrocytes (AHACs), dedifferentiated by monolayer expansion, can differentiate toward diverse mesenchymal lineages and, if so, whether this ability is regulated by growth factors during monolayer expansion. Methods AHACs were expanded as multiclonal or clonal populations in medium without (control) or with factors enhancing cell dedifferentiation (transforming growth factor ,1, fibroblast growth factor 2, and platelet-derived growth factor type BB [TFP]). Cells were then cultured under conditions promoting chondrogenic, osteogenic, or adipogenic differentiation, and the acquired phenotypes were assessed histologically, biochemically, and by real-time reverse transcriptase,polymerase chain reaction. Results Multiclonal populations of both control- and TFP-expanded AHACs differentiated toward the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Compared with control-expanded AHACs, TFP-expanded cells displayed enhanced chondrogenic differentiation capacity (2.4-fold higher glycosaminoglycan/DNA content and 2,500-fold higher up-regulation of type II collagen) and osteogenic differentiation capacity (9.4-fold higher increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and 12.4-fold higher up-regulation of bone sialoprotein), but reduced formation of adipocytes (5.2-fold lower oil red O,positive cells/area). Clonal populations of AHACs could be efficiently expanded in TFP, but not in control medium. Most TFP-expanded clones were able to redifferentiate only into chondrocytes (7 of 20) or were unable to differentiate (6 of 20). However, some clones (2 of 20) differentiated toward all of the lineages investigated, thus displaying characteristics of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Conclusion Dedifferentiated AHACs exhibit differentiation plasticity, which is modulated by growth factors used during monolayer expansion and is highly heterogeneous across different clones. Clonal culture of AHACs in the presence of regulatory molecules could lead to the identification of AHAC subpopulations with enhanced cartilage repair capacity. [source]