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Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (diffuse + reflectance_spectrum)
Selected AbstractsControllable Synthesis of Cu2O Microcrystals via a Complexant-Assisted Synthetic RouteEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2010Wanqun Zhang Abstract A novel method using Cu(AC)2·H2O and dimethylglyoxime as reagents has been successfully developed for the controllable synthesis of Cu2O microcrystals with distinctive morphologies, including porous hollow microspheres, octahedral microcages, and microcrystals with truncated corners and edges and octahedral microcrystals. These structures can be fine-tuned by varying reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentration. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. This is the first report of the preparation of the novel microcage structure of Cu2O through a simple solution-based route. By investigating the intermediate products which resemble the final crystal structures, a possible growth mechanism is proposed. Moreover, the investigations showed that the various 3D architectures of the as-made products exhibit different abilities to catalytically degrade rhodamine-B. Our work shows that octahedral Cu2O crystals with entirely {111} faces are photocatalytically more active than octahedral microcrystals with truncated corners and edges, suggesting the {111} faces of Cu2O nanostructures are catalytically more active than the {100} and {110} faces. Due to dual effect of the cavity structure and the {111} surfaces, the octahedral microcages with truncated corners and edges exhibit a higher extent of the photodecomposition reaction. As a result of very slow photocorrosion rate of the Cu2O microcrystal, it is expected that these microcrystals with different surfaces may find more applications in photocatalysis. [source] Clinical grading of oral mucosa by curve-fitting of corrected autofluorescence using diffuse reflectance spectraHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 6 2010Rupananda Jayachandra Mallia PhD Abstract Background Laser-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) and diffuse reflectance (DR) were collectively used in this clinical study to improve early oral cancer diagnosis and tissue grading. Methods LIAF and DR emission from oral mucosa were recorded on a fiber-optic spectrometer by illumination with a 404-nm diode laser and tungsten halogen lamp in 36 healthy volunteers and 40 lesions of 20 patients. Results Absorption dips in LIAF spectra at 545 and 575 nm resulting from changes in oxygenated hemoglobin were corrected using DR spectra of the same site. These corrected spectra were curve-fitted using Gaussian spectral functions to determine constituent emission peaks and their relative contribution. The Gaussian peak intensity and area ratios F500/F635 and F500/F685 were found to be useful indicators of tissue transformation. The diagnostic capability of various ratios in differentiating healthy, hyperplastic, dysplastic, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were examined using discrimination scatterplots. Conclusions The LIAF/DR technique, in conjunction with curve-fitting, differentiates different grades of dysplasia and SCC in this clinical trial and proves its potential for early detection of oral cavity cancer and tissue grading. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010 [source] Low-Temperature Growth of Rutile Nanorod Thin Films and their Photon-Induced PropertyJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 12 2008Jin-Ming Wu Thin films of well-crystallized pure rutile nanorods were deposited on Ti substrates through a simple solution approach at a low temperature of 353 K. Field emission scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic investigations revealed topographies of both quasi-aligned and less-aligned nanorod arrays, depending on Ti grain facets. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra analysis verified that the deposited nanorod thin film was phase-pure rutile. This rutile nanorod was identified to be single crystalline growing along the [001] direction by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra estimated a remarkable red shift in responsive light for the nanorods when compared with that of bulk rutile. Under illumination of artificial solar light, the ability of the rutile nanorod film to aid photodegradation of rhodamine B in water was argued to be superior to the rutile nanoparticles isolated from commercial Degussa P25, which was attributed to the unique rod-like nanostructure. [source] Diagnosis of breast cancer using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: Comparison of a Monte Carlo versus partial least squares analysis based feature extraction techniqueLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 7 2006Changfang Zhu MS Abstract Background and Objective We explored the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrum for the diagnosis of breast cancer. A physical model (Monte Carlo inverse model) and an empirical model (partial least squares analysis) based approach, were compared for extracting diagnostic features from the diffuse reflectance spectra. Study Design/Methods The physical model and the empirical model were employed to extract features from diffuse reflectance spectra measured from freshly excised breast tissues. A subset of extracted features obtained using each method showed statistically significant differences between malignant and non-malignant breast tissues. These features were separately input to a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to classify each tissue sample as malignant or non-malignant. Results and Conclusions The features extracted from the Monte Carlo based analysis were hemoglobin saturation, total hemoglobin concentration, beta-carotene concentration and the mean (wavelength averaged) reduced scattering coefficient. Beta-carotene concentration was positively correlated and the mean reduced scattering coefficient was negatively correlated with percent adipose tissue content in normal breast tissues. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the beta-carotene concentration and hemoglobin saturation, and a statistically significant increase in the mean reduced scattering coefficient in malignant tissues compared to non-malignant tissues. The features extracted from the partial least squares analysis were a set of principal components. A subset of principal components showed that the diffuse reflectance spectra of malignant breast tissues displayed an increased intensity over wavelength range of 440,510 nm and a decreased intensity over wavelength range of 510,600 nm, relative to that of non-malignant breast tissues. The diagnostic performance of the classification algorithms based on both feature extraction techniques yielded similar sensitivities and specificities of approximately 80% for discriminating between malignant and non-malignant breast tissues. While both methods yielded similar classification accuracies, the model based approach provided insight into the physiological and structural features that discriminate between malignant and non-malignant breast tissues. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Photocatalytic Activity and Electronic Structure Analysis of N-doped Anatase TiO2: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical StudyCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 6 2009H. Gao Abstract N-Doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal method with tetra- n -butyl titanate (TTNB) and triethanolamine as precursors. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), respectively. Photocatalytic activities of the anatase products were investigated on the degradation of methyl orange (MO). The incorporation of nitrogen impurity in anatase TiO2 was studied by the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated electronic band structures for substitutional and interstitial N-doped TiO2 indicated the formation of localized states in the band gap, which lied above the valence band. Excitation from the impurity states of N 2p to the conduction band could account for the optical absorption edge shift toward the lower energies. It was consistent with the experimentally observed absorption of N-doped samples in the visible region. [source] Preparation and Characterization of Bi3+ -TiO2 and its Photocatalytic ActivityCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 5 2007H. Zuo Abstract Bi3+ -TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by doping bismuth ion into the TiO2 structure in a sol-gel process. The catalyst samples were then characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rodamine-B (RhB) was used in this study as a model chemical with the aim of organic pollutants control. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB demonstrated that an optimal loading of bismuth 0.7,at.,% achieved the highest photodegradation rate, with the rate constant increasing by a factor of 3.89 over neat TiO2 (P25) under UV illumination (, , 320,nm). The degradation of p -nitrobenzonic acid (pNBA) was also examined to prevent/preclude/exclude/ the photosensitization pathway. GC-MS results show that pNBA can be effectively degraded and minerized to small molecules, such as quinone, acetic acid and formic acid. [source] A Novel Inorganic-Organic Composite Constructed from Cobalt(II)-Monosubstituted Polyoxometalates and Poly(amidoamine)-NH2 DendrimersCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2007Xiao-Feng Zhang Abstract An inorganic-organic composite was prepared by poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer reacting with cobalt(II)-monosubstituted polyoxometalates Na5CoII(H2O)PW11O39 (PW11Co) in an aqueous solution. The hybrid composite PW11Co/PAMAM was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DR-UV-Vis), XPS, XRD and TG/DTA, indicating that the PW11Co was chemically anchored to PAMAM. The morphologies of the title composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic activity was evaluated by oxidation of isobutyraldehyde (IBA) to isobutyric acid (IBAc) in MeCN under mild conditions (20 °C, ambient pressure), showing that the title compound is a more effective and recoverable catalyst than corresponding PW11Co. [source] |