Dietary Supplementation (dietary + supplementation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Influence of Dietary Supplementation with ,-Tocopheryl Acetate and Canthaxanthin on Cholesterol Oxidation in ,3 and ,6 Fatty Acid-enriched Spray-dried Eggs

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2002
J. Galobart
ABSTRACT: The effect of feeding laying hens linseed oil or sunflower oil, with and without ,-tocopheryl acetate and/or canthaxanthin, was evaluated on cholesterol oxidation in spray-dried whole egg at various storage periods. Storage of spray-dried eggs at room temperature in the dark resulted in an increase in cholesterol oxidation products from 18.1 ,g/g, after spray drying, to 39.3 ,g/g, at 12 mo of storage. No differences were found with either dietary oil or canthaxanthin supplementation. However, ,-tocopheryl acetate supplementation resulted in a lower formation of cholesterol oxidation products during storage. No synergistic effect between ,-tocopherol and canthaxanthin was detected. [source]


Dietary Supplementation of a Purified Nucleotide Mixture Transiently Enhanced Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 2 2007
Peng Li
Thus, we investigated effects of a purified nucleotide mixture on growth and health of young red drum. The nucleotide premix, containing salts of cytidine, uridine, adenosine, and guanidine, was coated with binders, freeze-dried, and grounded to powder. A fish-meal-based diet was supplemented with 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3% by weight of the coated nucleotide mixture or with 0.2% Optimûn® (Chemoforma Co., Basel, Switzerland), a commercial nucleotide product. The experimental diets were maintained isonitrogenous and isocaloric by adjusting amounts of casein, gelatin, and alanine. Five replicate groups of 12 juvenile red drum (10.2 ± 0.2 g/fish, mean ± SD) were fed each experimental diet for 4 wk, followed by an assay of neutrophil oxidative radical production and a bacterial challenge via intraperitoneal injection of Vibrio harveyi at 2.9 × 107 colony-forming units/g fish. Fish fed all diets supplemented with various levels of purified nucleotides showed significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency during the first week of feeding compared to fish fed the basal diet. However, the dietary effects became less significant during the following 3 wk of feeding. The transient growth-enhancing effect of dietary nucleotides observed in the present study may explain the conventional controversy about nucleotide effects on fish growth. Dietary supplementation with nucleotides had no influence on terminal whole-body composition. [source]


Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through elevation of colonic PPAR, expression and alteration of lipid composition

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2004
Hiroyuki Kohno
Abstract Our previous short-term experiment demonstrated that seed oil from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) (BMO), which is rich in cis(c)9, trans(t)11, t13 -conjugated linolenic acid (CLN), inhibited the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). In our study, the possible inhibitory effect of dietary administration of BMO on the development of colonic neoplasms was investigated using an animal colon carcinogenesis model initiated with a colon carcinogen AOM. Male F344 rats were given subcutaneous injections of AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks to induce colon neoplasms. They also received diets containing 0.01%, 0.1% or 1% BMO for 32 weeks, starting 1 week before the first dosing of AOM. At the termination of the study (32 weeks), AOM induced 83% incidence (15/18 rats) of colonic adenocarcinoma. Dietary supplementation with 0.01% and 0.1% BMO caused significant reduction in the incidence (47% inhibition by 0.01% BMO, p<0.02; 40% inhibition by 0.1% BMO, p<0.05; and 17% inhibition by 1% BMO) and the multiplicity (64% inhibition by 0.01% BMO, p<0.005; 58% inhibition by 0.1% BMO, p<0.02; and 48% inhibition by 1% BMO, p<0.05) of colonic adenocarcinoma, though a clear dose response was not observed. Such inhibition was associated with the increased content of CLA (c9,t11-18:2) in the lipid composition in colonic mucosa and liver. Also, BMO administration in diet enhanced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) , protein in the nonlesional colonic mucosa. These findings suggest that BMO rich in CLN can suppress AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis and the inhibition might be caused, in part, by modification of lipid composition in the colon and liver and/or increased expression of PPAR, protein level in the colon mucosa. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Dietary supplementation of ,-tocopheryl acetate on ,-tocopherol levels in duck tissues and its influence on meat storage stability

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2004
Elizabeth Anne Russell
Summary The effect of feeding three levels of ,-tocopheryl acetate on quality and stability of duck meat was studied. Day-old white Peking ducklings (n = 75) were assigned to three dietary treatments (n = 25) 20 mg , -tocopheryl acetate per kg feed (E20, control), 400 mg , -tocopheryl acetate per kg feed (E400) and 1000 mg , -tocopheryl acetate per kg feed (E1000). , -Tocopherol concentrations in breast, thigh, liver and heart tissues were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation also enhanced oxidative stability of duck muscle. Breast muscle was more susceptible to lipid oxidation than thigh muscle for all groups studied, even though breast muscle contained higher , -tocopherol levels than thigh muscle. These findings are significant because previous studies using chickens and turkeys showed that breast meat was always more stable than thigh meat and that thigh meat always had higher , -tocopherol levels than breast meat. Supplementation with , -tocopheryl acetate did not improve the colour stability of duck meat. [source]


Dietary supplementation with melatonin reduces levels of amyloid beta-peptides in the murine cerebral cortex

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004
Debomoy K. Lahiri
Abstract:, Melatonin levels decrease with aging in mice. Dietary supplementation with melatonin has recently been shown to result in a significant rise in levels of endogenous melatonin in the serum and all other tissue samples tested. Herein, the effects of dietary melatonin on brain levels of nitric oxide synthase, synaptic proteins and amyloid beta-peptides (A,) were determined in mice. Melatonin supplementation did not significantly change cerebral cortical levels of nitric oxide synthase or synaptic proteins such as synaptophysin and SNAP-25. Increased brain melatonin concentrations however, led to a significant reduction in levels of toxic cortical A, of both short and long forms which are involved in amyloid depositions and plaque formation in Alzheimer's diseases. Thus, melatonin supplementation may retard neurodegenerative changes associated with brain aging. Depletion of melatonin in the brain of aging mice may in part account for this adverse change. [source]


Grape Polyphenols Inhibit Chronic Ethanol-Induced COX-2 mRNA Expression in Rat Brain

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 3 2002
Agnes Simonyi
Background: Chronic ethanol has been shown to increase oxidative stress leading to neurodegenerative changes in the brain. Oxidative stress may up-regulate extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and, subsequently, the arachidonic acid cascade mediated by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Our earlier study showed that grape polyphenols (GP) could ameliorate oxidative damage to synaptic membrane proteins due to chronic ethanol treatment. This study was aimed at examining the effects of GP on mRNA expression of ERK1/2, cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), and COX-2 in different brain regions after chronic ethanol treatment. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with ethanol or isocaloric amount of maltose, with or without GP for 2 months. In situ hybridization was carried out using coronal brain sections through the hippocampus. Results: Quantitative in situ hybridization showed no changes in ERK1 and cPLA2 mRNA levels in cortical areas and hippocampus after ethanol and/or GP administration. However, a decrease in ERK2 and an increase in COX-2 mRNA level was found in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated animals. GP completely inhibited the increase in COX-2 due to ethanol treatment. Conclusion: Increase in COX-2 expression may be an underlying mechanism for the increase in oxidative stress induced by chronic ethanol administration. Dietary supplementation of GP may have a beneficial role in inhibiting certain alcohol effects. [source]


Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin E on characteristics of vacuum-packed lamb

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 4 2007
Jesús de la Fuente
Abstract The effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on lamb during vacuum-packed storage was studied. Thirty-six weaned male Manchego breed lambs were offered four dietary treatments (20, 270, 520 and 1020 mg vitamin E kg,1 feed). Lambs were fed the vitamin E-supplemented diet from 13 until 26 kg live weight. Pieces of M. longissimus dorsi were stored under vacuum at 2 ± 1 °C in the dark and meat quality was assessed after 5, 14 and 28 days of storage. Dietary supplementation significantly increased the ,-tocopherol concentration in the muscle (P < 0.001). Initially, lipid oxidation, meat colour and bacterial load were similar in all groups. In meat of non-supplemented lambs the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value increased throughout storage, whereas in meat of supplemented lambs it did not increase. Meat pigments and discolouration proportion were significantly affected by storage time (P < 0.001). The bacterial load was low initially, but after 28 days of storage it was close to 7 log10 colony-forming units (cfu) cm,2 and Enterobacteriaceae surpassed the limit of acceptability of 2.5 log10 cfu cm,2, making the lamb unsuitable for human consumption. Meat of supplemented lambs displayed less lipid oxidation than that of their non-supplemented counterparts, while meat colour and bacterial load were not affected by supplementation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Dietary Supplementation of a Purified Nucleotide Mixture Transiently Enhanced Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 2 2007
Peng Li
Thus, we investigated effects of a purified nucleotide mixture on growth and health of young red drum. The nucleotide premix, containing salts of cytidine, uridine, adenosine, and guanidine, was coated with binders, freeze-dried, and grounded to powder. A fish-meal-based diet was supplemented with 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3% by weight of the coated nucleotide mixture or with 0.2% Optimûn® (Chemoforma Co., Basel, Switzerland), a commercial nucleotide product. The experimental diets were maintained isonitrogenous and isocaloric by adjusting amounts of casein, gelatin, and alanine. Five replicate groups of 12 juvenile red drum (10.2 ± 0.2 g/fish, mean ± SD) were fed each experimental diet for 4 wk, followed by an assay of neutrophil oxidative radical production and a bacterial challenge via intraperitoneal injection of Vibrio harveyi at 2.9 × 107 colony-forming units/g fish. Fish fed all diets supplemented with various levels of purified nucleotides showed significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency during the first week of feeding compared to fish fed the basal diet. However, the dietary effects became less significant during the following 3 wk of feeding. The transient growth-enhancing effect of dietary nucleotides observed in the present study may explain the conventional controversy about nucleotide effects on fish growth. Dietary supplementation with nucleotides had no influence on terminal whole-body composition. [source]


Immune Response and Resistance to Stress and Edwardsiella ictaluri Challenge in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Fed Diets Containing Commercial Whole-Cell Yeast or Yeast Subcomponents

JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 1 2007
Thomas L. Welker
Dietary supplementation of yeast or yeast subcomponents (YYS) as commercial preparations of ,-glucan (MacroGard®; Biotec-Mackzymal, Tromsø, Norway; and Betagard A®; Aqua-In-Tech, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-MosÔ Aqua Grade; Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA), or whole-cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Levucell SB20®; Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI, USA) at the manufacturer's recommended levels was evaluated on the physiological performance of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were fed YYS diets for 4 wk, followed by 2 wk of control diet. Fish were sampled at the end of each feeding period (4 and 6 wk) to measure hematological and immune parameters and growth and to determine the effects of dietary ,-glucan on resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection and to low-water stress (6 wk). Supplementation of YYS in diets did not affect growth performance, hematology, or immune function. Survival from E. ictaluri infection was from 5 to 17.5% higher in fish fed YYS diets than in the control group, but the increases were not significant. Some improvement in stress resistance was observed in YYS-fed catfish after exposure to low-water stress. Stress reduction in fish fed diets supplemented with yeast subcomponents has been reported previously, but thus far, no explanation has been proposed for this effect. The present study and the previously published research suggest that dietary YYS supplementation does not appear to improve resistance of channel catfish to E. ictaluri. [source]


Roles of antioxidants on prolonged storage of avian spermatozoa in vivo and in vitro

MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2003
Christelle Bréque
Abstract This review focuses on natural and assisted prevention against lipid peroxidation in avian spermatozoa. The presence of high levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the plasma membrane creates favorable conditions for the formation of peroxidative products, a major cause of membrane damage which may ultimately impair male fertility. However, a complex antioxidant system involving vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH is naturally present in avian semen. Coupled with a battery of enzymatic defenses (e.g., SOD, GSH-Px either Se- or non-Se-dependent), this system acts to prevent or restrict the formation and propagation of peroxides. The presence of specialized sites dedicated to prolonged sperm storage in avian females raises the question of durable protection of sperm membranes against peroxidation. Preliminary observations have revealed the presence of a specific antioxidant system at these sites in which vitamin C could exert a major role. From a practical standpoint, the extensive use of artificial insemination in poultry, along with the emergence in some species of workable techniques to cryopreserve spermatozoa, demand better control of peroxidation occurring in the plasma membrane of spermatozoa before or during storage. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E is effective in limiting lipid peroxidation of sperm plasma membranes, both in chickens and turkeys. In addition, organic Se with or without vitamin E stimulates Se-GSH-Px activity in seminal plasma. Preliminary observations in female chickens have also revealed the effectiveness of dietary supplementation with vitamin E, organic selenium or both to sustain fertility in aging flocks. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66: 314,323, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Influence of dietary polar lipids' quantity and quality on ingestion and assimilation of labelled fatty acids by larval gilthead seabream

AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 3 2001
Izquierdo
Dietary supplementation of phospholipids seems to be extremely important to promote growth and survival in fish larvae. Several studies also suggest the importance of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) rich phospholipids to further enhance larval performance. In the present study, four different diets were formulated in order to compare the effect of total dietary polar lipid contents, of soya bean lecithin supplementation and of feeding n-3 HUFA in the form of neutral or polar lipids on ingestion and incorporation of labelled fatty acids in gilthead seabream larvae. These diets were prepared including radiolabelled fatty acids from palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, glycerol trioleate, free oleic acid (FOA) and free eicosapentaenoic acid (FEPA) and were fed to 25 day-old larvae. The results of these experiments showed that the elevation of the dietary polar lipid levels significantly improved microdiet ingestion, regardless of the origins of the polar lipids. This effect caused an improved incorporation of phosphatidylcholine fatty acids to the larval polar and total lipids (TL) as the dietary polar lipids increased. Nevertheless, a better incorporation of fatty acids from dietary polar lipids in comparison with that of fatty acids from dietary triglycerides into larval lipids was found in gilthead seabream, whereas a better utilization of dietary triglycerides fatty acids than dietary free fatty acids could also be observed. Besides, the presence of n-3 HUFA rich neutral lipids (NL) significanlty increased the absorption efficiency of labelled oleic acid from dietary triglycerides, but the presence of n-3 HUFA rich polar lipids, particularly improved the incorporation of FEPA. This fatty acid was preferentially incorporated into larval polar lipids in comparison with FOA. [source]


Dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide on white sea bream (Diplodus sargus L.) larvae: effects on development, gut morphology and salinity tolerance

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 9 2010
Arkadios Dimitroglou
Abstract The influence of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the development, gut integrity and quality (in respect of stamina and survivability) of white sea bream Diplodus sargus L. larvae was investigated. White sea bream larvae were held under appropriate rearing conditions and fed Artemia, enriched by A1 DHA SelcoÔ with the addition or absence of MOS (Bio-Mos®). The results indicated that larval growth performance and survivability were not affected by the MOS supplementation. Light microscopy revealed that MOS supplementation significantly improved the intestinal morphology by increasing the villi surface area by over 12%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that MOS supplementation increased the microvilli length by 26% compared with the control. Salinity challenge experiments showed that MOS significantly increased larval stamina and survival in both 0 and 60 mg L,1 salinity water by 13% and 22.9% respectively. These improvements in the larval quality at the early stages of fish development are important for the efficiency of intensive hatchery production. [source]


Enhancement of the innate immune system and disease-resistant activity in Cyprinus carpio by oral administration of ,-glucan and whole cell yeast

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 6 2010
Ayyaru Gopalakannan
Abstract The effects of dietary ,- (1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast (Sacharomyces uvarum) on the immune response and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in Cyprinus carpio. ,-(1,3) glucan was extracted from the yeast. Both ,-(1,3) glucan and whole yeast were incorporated into the diet at 1% level and fed to common carp C. carpio for a period of 60 days. Control and treated fish were exposed to A. hydrophila on the 30th and the 60th day of the experimental period. Dietary supplementation of glucan significantly increased the white blood cell count in fish on the 60th day (2.91±0.04 × 104), and the highest nuetrophil nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity was also observed in glucan-fed fish (30th day). A consistent increase in neutrophil (NBT) activity was also observed in whole cell fed fish until the end of the experiment. Similarly, ,-(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast enhanced the serum lysozyme activity from the 15th day onwards but higher activity was reported on the 30th day in glucan and the 60th day in whole cell yeast-fed fish. Suplementation of ,-(1,3) glucan protected the fish from A. hydrophila infection. Nearly 75,80% of the fish survived pathogen exposure (relative percentage survival). However, only 54,60% survival was observed in the whole cell-fed fish. ,-(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast protect the fish from pathogens by enhancing the cellular and humoral immune response in C. carpio. [source]


Blackcurrant seed oil for prevention of atopic dermatitis in newborns: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 8 2010
P. Linnamaa
Summary Background The present increased incidence of atopic diseases has been associated with an altered intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs). The composition of blackcurrant seed oil (BCSO) corresponds to the recommended dietary intake of EFAs, and as a dietary supplement could, in small doses, modify the imbalance of EFAs in an efficient way. Objective To assess the effect of dietary supplementation with BCSO on the prevalence of atopy at 12 months of age. Methods Three hundred and thirteen pregnant mothers were randomly assigned to receive BCSO (151) or olive oil as placebo (162). The first doses were administered at 8th,16th weeks of pregnancy and were continued until the cessation of breastfeeding, followed by supplementation to the infants until the age of 2 years. Atopic dermatitis and its severity (SCORAD index) were evaluated, serum total IgE was measured and skin tests were performed at the age of 3, 12 and 24 months. Results Parental atopy was common (81.7%) among study subjects, making them infants with increased atopy risk. There was a significantly lower prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the BCSO group than in the olive oil group at the age of 12 months (33.0% vs. 47.3%, P=0.035). SCORAD was also lower in the BCSO group than in the olive oil group at 12 months of age (P=0.035). No significant differences in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis were observed between the groups at the age of 24 months (P=0.18). Conclusion Dietary supplementation with BCSO was well tolerated and it transiently reduced the prevalence of atopic dermatitis. It could therefore be one potential tool in the prevention of atopic symptoms when used at an early stage of life. (Registration number SRCTN14869647, http://www.controlled-trials.com) Cite this as: P. Linnamaa, J. Savolainen, L. Koulu, S. Tuomasjukka, H. Kallio, B. Yang, T. Vahlberg and R. Tahvonen, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1247,1255. [source]


Omega-3 Dietary Supplements and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review

CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 7 2009
FCCM, Paul E. Marik MD
Background Epidemiologic data suggest that omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil reduce cardiovascular disease. The clinical benefit of dietary fish oil supplementation in preventing cardiovascular events in both high and low risk patients is unclear. Objective To assess whether dietary supplements of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decrease cardiovascular events across a spectrum of patients. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and citation review of relevant primary and review articles. Study Selection Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated clinical cardiovascular end points (cardiovascular death, sudden death, and nonfatal cardiovascular events) and all-cause mortality in patients randomized to EPA/DHA or placebo. We only included studies that used dietary supplements of EPA/DHA which were administered for at least 1 year. Data Extraction Data were abstracted on study design, study size, type and dose of omega-3 supplement, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and duration of follow-up. Studies were grouped according to the risk of cardiovascular events (high risk and moderate risk). Meta-analytic techniques were used to analyze the data. Data Synthesis We identified 11 studies that included a total of 39 044 patients. The studies included patients after recent myocardial infarction, those with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator, and patients with heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and hypercholesterolemia. The average dose of EPA/DHA was 1.8 ± 1.2 g/day and the mean duration of follow-up was 2.2 ± 1.2 years. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular deaths (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79,0.95, p = 0.002), sudden cardiac death (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76,0.99, p = 0.04), all-cause mortality (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85,0.99, p = 0.02), and nonfatal cardiovascular events (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85,0.99, p = 0.02). The mortality benefit was largely due to the studies which enrolled high risk patients, while the reduction in nonfatal cardiovascular events was noted in the moderate risk patients (secondary prevention only). Meta-regression failed to demonstrate a relationship between the daily dose of omega-3 fatty acid and clinical outcome. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids should be considered in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]


Effect of combined supplementation with vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid on myocardial performance during in vivo ischaemia-reperfusion

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 4 2000
Coombes
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute significantly to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Recently the combination of the antioxidants vitamin E (VE) and alpha-lipoic acid (, -LA) has been reported to improve cardiac performance and reduce myocardial lipid peroxidation during in vitro I-R. The purpose of these experiments was to investigate the effects of VE and , -LA supplementation on cardiac performance, incidence of dysrhythmias and biochemical alterations during an in vivo myocardial I-R insult. Female Sprague,Dawley rats (4-months old) were assigned to one of the two dietary treatments: (1) control diet (CON) or (2) VE and , -LA supplementation (ANTIOXID). The CON diet was prepared to meet AIN-93M standards, which contains 75 IU VE kg,1 diet. The ANTIOXID diet contained 10 000 IU VE kg,1 diet and 1.65 g , -LA kg,1 diet. After the 14-week feeding period, significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in mean myocardial VE levels between dietary groups. Animals in each experimental group were subjected to an in vivo I-R protocol which included 25 min of left anterior coronary artery occlusion followed by 10 min of reperfusion. No group differences (P > 0.05) existed in cardiac performance (e.g. peak arterial pressure or ventricular work) or the incidence of ventricular dysrhythmias during the I-R protocol. Following I-R, two markers of lipid peroxidation were lower (P < 0.05) in the ANTIOXID animals compared with CON. These data indicate that dietary supplementation of the antioxidants, VE and , -LA do not influence cardiac performance or the incidence of dysrhythmias but do decrease lipid peroxidation during in vivo I-R in young adult rats. [source]


Effects of a multi-vitamin/mineral supplement on cognitive function and fatigue during extended multi-tasking,

HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 6 2010
Crystal F. Haskell
Abstract Objectives A significant minority of the population consume multi-vitamins/minerals for their putative health benefits, including potentially beneficial effects on cognitive performance, fatigue and mood. The current study investigated the effect of supplementation with a multi-vitamin/mineral on fatigue and cognitive function in healthy females. Methods In this placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized, parallel groups trial the effect of a multi-vitamin/mineral (Supradyn®) was assessed in 216 females aged 25,50 years. Participants attended the laboratory before and 9 weeks after commencing treatment. During both visits cognitive function and the modulation of task related mood/fatigue were assessed in two discrete 20-min assessment periods during which participants completed a four-module version of the Multi-Tasking Framework. Results Those in the vitamin/mineral group exhibited an attenuation of the negative effects of extended task completion on mood/fatigue. Multi-tasking performance for this group was also improved in terms of accuracy across all tasks, and on two of the individual tasks (Mathematical Processing and Stroop) in terms of both faster and more accurate responses. Analysis of a subsection (N,=,102) demonstrated significant reductions in homocysteine levels following the vitamins/mineral supplement. Conclusions These findings suggest that healthy members of the general population may benefit from augmented levels of vitamins/minerals via direct dietary supplementation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, caecal coliform population and some oxidant/antioxidant parameters of broilers

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 5 2010
Z. Erdo
Summary The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, small intestine weight, pH and caecal coliform counts of broilers. The influences of synbiotics and phytobiotics on oxidant/antioxidant status in the blood of broilers were also assessed. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg synbiotic, 1 g/kg phytobiotic or 1 g/kg synbiotic plus 1 g/kg phytobiotic. The diet supplemented with both synbiotic and phytobiotic had no effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Neither small intestine weight nor pH was affected by any of the treatments. Supplementation of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet decreased the caecal coliform count (p < 0.01). Addition of synbiotics and phytobiotics in combination significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p , 0.05), whereasphytobiotic addition alone showed only a slight increase. Similarly, elevated nitric oxide (NO) level was recorded in the synbiotic- and phytobiotic-fed group and in the phytobiotic-fed group (p , 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count, but growth performance was not affected by the supplementations. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of phytobiotics on oxidative/antioxidative metabolism as regards their compositional analysis. [source]


Effects of high-level dietary B-vitamins on performance, body composition and tissue vitamin contents of growing/finishing pigs

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 1-2 2007
B. M. Böhmer
Summary Forty-eight growing pigs were randomly assigned to five dietary groups and penned individually. They received a diet based on barley, wheat, corn and soya bean meal according to requirement. The experimental groups were supplemented with 400% or 800% of vitamins B2, B6 and pantothenic acid, or 400% or 800% of biotin, while all other vitamins were administered according to requirement. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and content of vitamins in blood, liver and muscles were recorded. Growth performance showed no influence of supplementation, while backfat thickness in the group with 800% B2/B6/pantothenic acid was significantly higher. Content of B2 in blood, liver and muscle was similar in all groups. Content of B6 in blood and liver showed significant differences according to supplementation. The content of vitamin B6 in muscle in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The content of pantothenic acid in blood and muscle in the experimental groups was significantly higher, while in liver all groups were significantly influenced by the supplementation level. Biotin content in liver showed no influence, but the content in plasma was significantly higher in the experimental groups and the content in muscle was significantly higher according to supplementation. The activity of AST showed no significant influence of the dietary vitamin level, but it was obviously decreased in the groups supplemented with biotin. The findings indicate that the dietary supplementation of vitamin B2, B6, pantothenic acid and biotin could not improve performance, but the contents in blood, liver and muscle. [source]


Effect of dietary clenbuterol and cimaterol on muscle composition, ,-adrenergic and androgen receptor concentrations in broiler chickens

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3-4 2004
A. Schiavone
Summary Illegal dietary supplementation with ,2 -agonists has been shown to increase protein deposition and decrease fat accretion in domestic animals. In poultry the metabolic and endocrine responses to ,2 -agonists are not fully elucidated. In this trial the effects of dietary clenbuterol (1 p.p.m.) and cimaterol (1 p.p.m.) on muscle composition and endocrine response of male broiler chickens were studied. Dietary clenbuterol induced a slight, but in general not significant, improvement of zootechnical performances and carcass yields. Chemical composition of muscle was not influenced by dietary treatments, even if a slight improvement of protein content was observed in treated groups. No effects on fatty acid composition of meat were detected. Both clenbuterol and cimaterol treatments caused a downregulation in testicular androgen receptors and in pulmonary, cardiac and central nervous system , -adrenergic receptors. [source]


Effect of L -carnitine supplementation on performance parameters in gilts and sows

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3-4 2001
K. Eder
The effect of L-carnitine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on performance parameters of sows was studied. The trial comprised a total of 127 sows (40 gilts, 87 mature sows) which were divided into a control and a treatment group. All animals were fed individually and received basic feed mixtures for pregnancy and lactation with low carnitine concentrations (gestation diet: 4.7 mg/kg feed, lactation diet: 12.5 mg/kg feed). The rations of the sows in the treated group were supplemented with 125 mg L -carnitine per head and day during pregnancy and 250 mg L -carnitine per head and day during lactation. The animals of the control group received identical feed mixtures in identical amounts, but without the L -carnitine supplement. L -carnitine supplementation resulted in higher sow liveweight gains between day 1 and day 85 of pregnancy. The number of piglets per litter and the number born alive did not differ between the control sows and those treated with L -carnitine. However, the L -carnitine-supplemented sows produced only half as many non-viable piglets as the control animals. Moreover, litter weight and mean birth weight of piglets from L -carnitine-treated sows were higher than in the control sows. This effect was more marked in gilts (+8% higher litter weight, +9% higher piglet weight) than in sows (+7% and +6%, respectively). Piglets from sows whose ration was supplemented with L -carnitine showed higher liveweight gains during the suckling period (+12% for gilts, +4% for sows), which is why litter weights post weaning were also higher among the sows treated with L -carnitine than in the control sows (+14% for gilts, +10% for sows). Overall, the study shows that dietary supplementation with L -carnitine during pregnancy and lactation improves the reproductive performance of sows. [source]


Effect of vitamin E and selenium on the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA expression in hepatic stellate cells

JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES, Issue 3 2001
Xuanhai Li
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of vitamin E and different doses of selenium on the expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA in the hepatic stellate cells (HSC) of CCl4 -induced hepato-fibrotic rats. The mechanism of these therapeutic actions is investigated at a molecular level. METHODS: Hepatic fibroses were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl4 in olive oil and treated by dietary supplementation with vitamin E and different doses of selenium. Liver tissue sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining for collagen. With ,-actin as an internal control, the reverse transcriptase,polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was applied to quantify the change of TIMP-1 mRNA in HSC. RESULTS: The expression level of TIMP-1 mRNA in HSC was significantly downregulated and collagenous fiber proliferation in the liver was also significantly reduced in the groups of rats treated with vitamin E (250 mg/kg) and low dosages of selenium (0.2 mg/kg). However, the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was upregulated, but not significantly, in the group treated with high dosages of selenium (1.0 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of TIMP-1 mRNA in HSC was significantly downregulated and collagenous fiber proliferation in the liver was significantly reduced in the groups of rats treated with vitamin E and appropriate dosages of selenium. This did not occur in groups with high dosages of selenium. [source]


Oxaloacetate supplementation increases lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans through an AMPK/FOXO-dependent pathway

AGING CELL, Issue 6 2009
David S. Williams
Summary Reduced dietary intake increases lifespan in a wide variety of organisms. It also retards disease progression. We tested whether dietary supplementation of citric acid cycle metabolites could mimic this lifespan effect. We report that oxaloacetate supplementation increased lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. The increase was dependent on the transcription factor, FOXO/DAF-16, and the energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase, indicating involvement of a pathway that is also required for lifespan extension through dietary restriction. These results demonstrate that supplementation of the citric acid cycle metabolite, oxaloacetate, influences a longevity pathway, and suggest a tractable means of introducing the health-related benefits of dietary restriction. [source]


Microbial levan in the diet of Labeo rohita Hamilton juveniles: effect on non-specific immunity and histopathological changes after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila

JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 9 2008
S K Gupta
Abstract A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the immuno-protective effect of microbial levan on Labeo rohita juveniles challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Six purified diets were prepared with different levels of microbial levan: control (no levan), T1 (Basal + 0.25%), T2 (Basal + 0.50%), T3 (Basal + 0.75%), T4 (Basal + 1%) and T5 (Basal + 1.25%), fed to six groups of fish in triplicate. Among the treatment groups the haemoglobin content and total leucocyte count were increased with a dietary supplementation of levan at 1% or more. An increasing trend for total erythrocyte count was observed with increasing level of dietary levan. Lower levan-supplemented groups showed a higher albumin/globulin ratio. As the levan supplementation was increased, there was a gradual increase in serum lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay] reduction values. The highest lysozyme activity and NBT were observed in the T5 group although this was similar to the T4 group (P > 0.05). No significant histo-architectural changes were associated with dietary levan levels. After challenge with A. hydrophila, moderately degenerated hepatocytes, oedema and leucocytic infiltration in parenchymatous tissues, and extensive haemorrhage and haemosiderosis in the kidney were observed in the control group. However, the T5 group supplemented with 1.25% levan showed infiltrating leucocytes in the liver while the kidney showed only moderate degeneration of renal tubules. The relative survival per cent of juveniles after challenge with A. hydrophila was the highest in the T5 group followed by T4. This suggests that microbial levan at 1.25% can be used as dietary immunostimulant for L. rohita juveniles. [source]


Does the capacity for energy utilization affect the survival of post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during natural outbreaks of infectious pancreatic necrosis?

JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 7 2007
K-A Rørvik
Abstract If osmotic stress and reduced seawater tolerance are predisposing factors for infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) outbreaks in farmed Atlantic salmon, increased survival by enhancing access to energy would be expected. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to increase energy access in 1-year old Atlantic salmon after sea transfer by increasing the level of dietary fat, by exchanging some of the dietary oil with more easily oxidized medium chain triacylglycerols, or by dietary supplementation of potentially energy enhancing additives such as clofibrate and tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA). A natural outbreak of IPN occurred 8 weeks after sea transfer, and a significant dietary effect explaining 76% of the variation in mortality was observed. Relative percentage survival for the fish fed TTA in sea water was 70% when compared with the unsupplemented control, reducing mortality from 7.8 to 2.3%. Muscle fat content and plasma chloride were related to IPN mortality, suggesting that reduced hypoosmoregulatory capacity might be a predisposing factor to the onset of an IPN outbreak. Based on the observation of a threefold increase in white muscle mitochondrial fatty acid oxidizing activity by TTA, it is suggested that TTA has resulted in a re-allocation of dietary fatty acids from storage to energy producing oxidation. [source]


Attenuation of ciclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity by dietary supplementation of seal oil in Sprague-Dawley rats

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 11 2005
Wei Yang
Fish oil, rich in omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been reported to attenuate nephrotoxicity induced by ciclosporin (cyclosporine A). Harp seal oil is a rich source of n-3 PUFAs. This study investigated the ability of dietary seal oil to reduce nephrotoxicity caused by ciclosporin. Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a standard diet (with sunflower oil as lipid, SFO) or a diet enriched with seal oil (with 85% seal oil and 15% sunflower oil as lipid, SO) for four weeks before and four weeks after intravenous administration of ciclosporin (15 mg kg,1 daily). Kidney function was assessed by measuring blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, urinary N -acetyl-1-,- d -glucosaminidase, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1,, thromboxane B2 and malondialdehyde. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored. Ciclosporin concentrations in blood were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The fatty acid compositions of the diets and erythrocyte membranes were analysed by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that nephrotoxicity was induced by ciclosporin in rats maintained on both SO and SFO diets. However, rats fed on SO diet endured less toxicity than those on SFO diet. The n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the erythrocyte membrane of rats maintained on SO diet were found to be 10.79% and 11.93%, while those in rats maintained on SFO diet were found to be 1.67% and 22.71%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of seal oil was found to reduce ciclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. [source]


S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Co-administration Prevents the Ethanol-Elicited Dissociation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Ribosomes in Male Rats

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 1 2009
Peter Sykora
Background:, Chronic ethanol feeding to male rats has been shown to result in decreased mitochondrial translation, depressed respiratory complex levels and mitochondrial respiration rates. In addition, ethanol consumption has been shown to result in an increased dissociation of mitoribosomes. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is required for the assembly and subsequent stability of mitoribosomes and is depleted during chronic ethanol feeding. The ability of dietary SAM co-administration to prevent these ethanol-elicited lesions was investigated. Methods:, Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet with ethanol comprising 36% of the calories according to a pair-fed design for 28 days. For some animals, SAM was supplemented in the diet at 200 mg/l. Liver mitochondria were prepared and mitoribosomes isolated. Respiration rates, ATP levels, respiratory complex levels, and the extent of mitoribosome dissociation were determined. Results:, Twenty-eight days of ethanol feeding were found to result in decreased SAM content, depressed respiration, and increased mitoribosome dissociation. No changes in mitochondrial protein content; levels of respiratory complexes I, III, and V; complex I activities; and ATP levels were detected. Co-administration of SAM in the diet was found to prevent ethanol-induced SAM depletion, respiration decreases and mitoribosome dissociation. Conclusions:, Taken together, these findings suggest (1) that mitoribosome dissociation precedes respiratory complex depressions in alcoholic animals and (2) that dietary supplementation of SAM prevents some of the early mitochondrial lesions associated with chronic ethanol consumption. [source]


Nutrient digestibility response to graded dietary levels of sodium chloride in weanling pigs

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 6 2008
Yu-long Yin
Abstract BACKGROUND: Sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl,) and phosphorus (Pi) are involved in a number of metabolic and physiological processes in the body, and these mineral elements must be supplied to the animal via the diet. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of sodium chloride (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6% NaCl) on apparent and true P digestibility (APD and TPD) and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and calcium (Ca) digestibility in weanling pigs. RESULTS: Dietary NaCl had a quadratic effect on both APD and TPD (P < 0.05) but not on DM, CP and Ca digestibility (P > 0.05). At an NaCl concentration of 0.41% the APD and TPD values were 41.5 and 53.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a high level of dietary Na+ may enhance P absorption and improve its digestibility by coupling Na+ transportation to Pi absorption via the energy-requiring Na+/Pi co-transporter. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin E on characteristics of vacuum-packed lamb

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 4 2007
Jesús de la Fuente
Abstract The effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on lamb during vacuum-packed storage was studied. Thirty-six weaned male Manchego breed lambs were offered four dietary treatments (20, 270, 520 and 1020 mg vitamin E kg,1 feed). Lambs were fed the vitamin E-supplemented diet from 13 until 26 kg live weight. Pieces of M. longissimus dorsi were stored under vacuum at 2 ± 1 °C in the dark and meat quality was assessed after 5, 14 and 28 days of storage. Dietary supplementation significantly increased the ,-tocopherol concentration in the muscle (P < 0.001). Initially, lipid oxidation, meat colour and bacterial load were similar in all groups. In meat of non-supplemented lambs the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value increased throughout storage, whereas in meat of supplemented lambs it did not increase. Meat pigments and discolouration proportion were significantly affected by storage time (P < 0.001). The bacterial load was low initially, but after 28 days of storage it was close to 7 log10 colony-forming units (cfu) cm,2 and Enterobacteriaceae surpassed the limit of acceptability of 2.5 log10 cfu cm,2, making the lamb unsuitable for human consumption. Meat of supplemented lambs displayed less lipid oxidation than that of their non-supplemented counterparts, while meat colour and bacterial load were not affected by supplementation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Dietary oligochitosan supplementation enhances immune status of broilers

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2007
Rui-Lin Huang
Abstract Oligochitosan (COS) is a type of prebiotic, which favourably alters the intestinal microflora balance, inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria, promotes good digestion and boosts immune function. The effect of dietary COS supplementation on immune function in broilers was assessed by feeding graded levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mg kg,1) of COS. Two thousand four hundred male commercial Avian® broilers (1 day old) were assigned randomly to five dietary treatment groups (60 birds/pen with eight pens per treatment). Diet A was a typical maize- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 6 mg kg,1 antibiotics of flavomycin (positive control). Diet B was the basal diet without any supplement. Diets C, D and E were formulated by addition of 50, 100, 150 mg kg,1 of COS to the basal diet, respectively. On the morning of days 21 and 42, a total of 64 (eight birds/pen with eight pens per treatment) of the growth experimental birds were killed by cervical dislocation, respectively for determination of serum concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM, and weights of spleen, bursa and thymus. Compared with broilers fed the control and the positive control diets, dietary supplementation with COS increased (P < 0.001) serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM, with the greatest response for the 100 mg kg,1COS supplementation. Chitosan oligosaccharides supplementation also enhanced the immune organ development. Results suggest COS can improve immune response in birds. Through positive modulation of the immune response, COS has great potential as an effective, antibiotic-like growth promoter for poultry. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source]