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Dietary Reference Intakes (dietary + reference_intake)
Selected AbstractsUS and Canadian Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for the macronutrients, energy and physical activityNUTRITION BULLETIN, Issue 2 2005B. A. Yon Summary The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), in conjunction with Health Canada, released the sixth in a series of reports on dietary reference values for the intake of macronutrients and energy by Americans and Canadians. This report established Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for carbohydrate, fibre, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, amino acids, energy and physical activity. The DRIs replace the USA's Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) last updated in 1989, and Canada's Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), last published in 1990. A panel of 21 US and Canadian research scientists, clinicians and epidemiologists with expertise in energy, protein and amino acids, carbohydrate, fibre, sugar, lipids, physical activity and life-stage nutrition were appointed to begin the process of reviewing observational and experimental studies published primarily in peer-reviewed journals. The DRIs are based on scientifically grounded relationships between nutrient intake and the prevention of chronic disease, as well as the maintenance of good health. The purpose of this paper is to highlight a number of the definitions, new approaches, and key findings as they apply to the DRIs for the macronutrients, energy and physical activity. [source] When is an Individual an Individual Versus a Member of a Group?NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 5 2006An Issue in the Application of the Dietary Reference Intakes The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reports on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) present a new paradigm for the description of nutrient requirements. Tradition and the DRI reports themselves have created an erroneous impression that the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is intended for use with individuals and the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is to be used with populations. Two recent IOM committee reports (one on nutrition labeling and one on Women, Infants and Children [WIC] food packages) challenge that interpretation, revealing the critical issues surrounding individuals versus groups or populations. The present paper examines the issues and concludes that the median requirement and Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) are the critical reference values for both individuals and populations. The RDA is both unneeded and lacking a sound scientific basis. [source] Challenges in Using the Dietary Reference Intakes to Plan Diets for GroupsNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 8 2005Suzanne P. Murphy PhD A recent report describes a new paradigm for planning the dietary intakes of groups, the goals of which are to achieve low prevalences of both inadequate and excessive intakes. However, there are many challenges involved in properly implementing these methods, and pilot studies are urgently needed. For individuals, the target for nutrient intakes is usually the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA); for nutrients without an RDA, the Adequate Intake (AI) can be used. Intakes should be planned so they do not exceed the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Several applications illustrating how to use the DRIs for planning the diets of individuals have been published, so this review will focus primarily on the methods that are recommended for planning the diets of groups. [source] | ||||||||||