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Diet Controls (diet + control)
Selected AbstractsGlucometabolic state of in-hospital primary hypertension patients with normal fasting blood glucose in a sub-population of ChinaDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 4 2009Yang-Xin Chen Abstract Background There is a high prevalence of abnormal glucometabolism (AGM) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and primary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the glucometabolic state of PH patients with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG). Methods Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed for 445 in-hospital PH patients with normal FBG and re-performed for those patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during the follow-up period. Results Diabetes mellitus (DM), IGT, and AGM (including IGT and DM) accounted for 4.4, 24.5, and 28.9% of patients, respectively. Prevalence of AGM in patients with higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (,6.0%), risk factors (CHD, overweight, hyperlipidaemia, proteinuria) was significantly higher than that in patients without these factors. Regression analysis showed that age, overweight, proteinuria, HbA1c, and CRP were the independent risk factors of AGM. Follow-up data in 98 IGT patients showed that no improvement of glucometabolism was found, but contrarily, a significant increase of new onset of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and DM was found after 9 months (P < 0.05), even if diet control and moderate exercise were adopted. Conclusions AGM is prevalent and underestimated in PH patients with normal FBG, and it will develop even if therapeutic life-style changes are adopted. Except for FBG, more attention should be paid to postprandial blood glucose. OGTT should be a routine procedure for PH patients, especially in-hospital PH patients, regardless of normal FBG, and active drug intervention for IGT patients with PH may be recommended. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Pregnancy complicated by Caroli's disease with polycystic kidney disease: A case report and following observationsJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4pt2 2008Mika Tsunoda Abstract Caroli's disease and Caroli's syndrome are rare congenital disorders characterized by non-obstructive cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. These disorders are often associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. A young woman at 11 weeks of gestation was referred to our hospital for proper management of Caroli's disease during pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests revealed Caroli's disease with chronic renal failure caused by polycystic kidney disease. She received diet control, erythropoietin and prophylactic oral antibiotics. Her pregnancy course was uneventful, and she gave birth at 37 weeks of gestation. Thereafter, her renal function gradually worsened. Hemodialysis was begun 5 years after parturition. Though the courses of pregnancies complicated by Caroli's disease or Caroli's syndrome are variable and can include life-threatening conditions, uneventful outcomes can be expected if careful management prevents biliary and renal infection. [source] Effects of Light and Dark Beer on Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 Expression in Male Rats Receiving Alcoholic Beverages as Part of Total Enteral NutritionALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2005Mats Hidestrand Background: Alcoholic beverages contain many congeners in addition to ethanol. Therefore, consumption of alcoholic beverages may have considerably different effects on expression of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases than the relatively selective induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1 observed after consumption of pure ethanol. Methods: In the current study, we compared the effects of two beers: lager (a light roasted beer) and stout (a dark roasted beer) with those of an equivalent amount of pure ethanol on hepatic CYP expression. Beer or pure ethanol was part of a complete total enteral nutrition diet that was infused intragastrically into male Sprague Dawley rats for 21 days. At the end of the infusion period, rats were euthanized, and liver and intestinal microsomes were prepared. Expression and activity of CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1, CYP2E1, CYP3A, and CYP4A were assessed by Western immunoblotting and by using CYP enzyme,specific substrates, respectively. Results: mRNA and protein levels of CYP4A1 were elevated only in stout-treated animals. However, lauric acid 12-hydroxylase activity (a CYP4A-specific activity) was reduced (p, 0.05) in microsomes from lager- and stout-fed rats. After oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, this activity was significantly increased in microsomes from stout-fed animals. The relative expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2B1 and the activities toward p -nitrophenol, pentoxyresorufin, or benzyloxyresorufin did not differ between beers or compared with pure ethanol or controls. However, the mean expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A, and CYP4A apoproteins was greater in liver microsomes from stout-infused rats than in those from lager-infused rats, ethanol-infused rats, and diet controls (p, 0.05). In addition, although no significant differences were observed in ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD), methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (MROD), midazolam, or testosterone hydroxylase activities between groups, stout-infused rats had greater hepatic microsomal erythromycin N -demethylase activity than other groups (p, 0.05). Conclusions: Stout contains components other than ethanol that interact in a complex fashion with the monooxygenase system. [source] Ethanol Consumption Alters Electroretinograms and Depletes Neural Tissues of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Rhesus Monkeys: Nutritional Consequences of a Low n-3 Fatty Acid DietALCOHOLISM, Issue 12 2001Robert J. Pawlosky Background: Alcohol amblyopia is a rare neuropathy characterized by the development of blurred vision and a reduction in visual acuity. Further diagnostic details of this condition have shown abnormalities in the electroretinogram (ERG) that include an increase in implicit times in the a- and b-waves and a depression of b-wave amplitude. Methods: Periodically, the ERGs and the fatty acyl composition of nervous tissue were analyzed from alcohol-consuming rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (mean consumption 2.6 g kg/day over a 5-year period) and controls that were maintained on a nutritionally sufficient diet that had low, yet adequate, amounts of linoleic acid but very low ,-linolenic acid. Results: Animals consuming alcohol had increased a- and b-wave implicit times and decreased b-wave amplitudes in their electroretinograms compared with those of the dietary control group at 2.5 and 5 years. The fatty acyl composition of brain specimens obtained by surgical biopsy at baseline, 2.5 years, and 5 years demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had decreased in both groups of animals compared with baseline values. In the brains of the alcohol-treated animals, DHA was even further decreased (2.5 years: ,20%; 5 years: ,33%) compared with the diet controls. In the retinas of the alcohol-consuming animals at 5 years, there was a similar decrease in DHA (-35%) compared with controls. Generally, the n-6 fatty acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-6) increased in these tissues, apparently compensating for the loss of DHA. Conclusions: A reciprocal change in the DHA/DPAn-6 ratio is known to be associated with abnormal electroretinograms in a number of species. Thus, a marginal intake of n-3 fatty acids in some alcohol abusers may, in part, be responsible for the biochemical changes that underlie the diminished retinal function associated with the visual abnormalities observed in alcohol-amblyopic patients. [source] Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia Induces Accelerated Transplant Vascular Sclerosis in Syngeneic and Allogeneic Rat Cardiac TransplantsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 3 2002Judith W. Cook Chronic rejection (CR) and transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS) cause the majority of graft failures in cardiac transplantation. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia [hH(e)] is associated with human TVS without a proven causal relationship. This study investigated the effect of hH(e) on graft survival and TVS in allogeneic and syngeneic rat cardiac transplants. Lewis recipients of heterotopic F344 heart allografts, received normal or hH(e)-inducing (,folate, ,methionine) diets {controls: syngeneic transplanted [± hH(e), + CsA] and nontransplanted rats [± hH(e), ± CsA]}. Serial plasma homocyst(e)ine [H(e)] levels were measured. TVS was assessed in clinically rejected grafts and a subset of pre-rejection normal diet allografts (day 64) (neointimal index, NI). The hH(e) diet elevated plasma H(e) levels. When compared with normal diet controls (n = 9), hH(e) diet allografts (n = 9) had decreased time to onset of CR (40 ± 9 vs. 72 ± 10 d, p = 0.02), and graft failure (64 ± 10 vs. 107 ± 12 d, p = 0.009). hH(e) diet allografts at rejection (n = 9, 64 d) had more severe TVS (NI = 68 ± 2) than both time-matched normal diet allografts (NI = 49 ± 6, n = 8, 64 d, p <,0.001) and normal diet allografts at rejection (NI = 58 ± 5, n = 9, 107 d, p = 0.007). hH(e) induced TVS in syngeneic grafts (NI = 50 ± 3, n = 10 vs. NI = 5 ± 3, n = 10, 130 d, p <,0.001). hH(e) accelerated rejection and increased the severity of TVS in allogeneic cardiac transplants, and induced TVS in syngeneic cardiac transplants. [source] | ||||||||||