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Diastolic Arterial Pressure (diastolic + arterial_pressure)
Selected AbstractsDexmedetomidine or medetomidine premedication before propofol,desflurane anaesthesia in dogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 3 2006R. J. GÓMEZ-VILLAMANDOS The objective of this study was to evaluate dexmedetomidine as a premedicant in dogs prior to propofol,desflurane anaesthesia, and to compare it with medetomidine. Six healthy dogs were anaesthetized. Each dog received intravenously (i.v.) five preanaesthetic protocols: D1 (dexmedetomidine, 1 ,g/kg, i.v.), D2 (dexmedetomidine, 2 ,g/kg, i.v.), M1 (medetomidine, 1 ,g/kg, i.v.), M2 (medetomidine, 2 ,g/kg, i.v.), or M4 (medetomidine, 4 ,g/kg, i.v.). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2.3,3.3 mg/kg) and maintained with desflurane. The following variables were studied: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, end-tidal concentration of desflurane (EtDES) required for maintenance of anaesthesia and tidal volume. Arterial blood pH (pHa) and arterial blood gas tensions (PaO2, PaCO2) were measured during anaesthesia. Time to extubation, time to sternal recumbency and time to standing were also recorded. HR and RR decreased significantly during sedation in all protocols. Cardiorespiratory variables during anaesthesia were statistically similar for all protocols. EtDES was significantly different between D1 (8.1%) and D2 (7.5%), and between all doses of medetomidine. Desflurane requirements were similar for D1 and M2, and for D2 and M4 protocols. No statistical differences were observed in recovery times. The combination of dexmedetomidine, propofol and desflurane appears to be effective for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in healthy dogs. [source] Effects of atipamezole , a selective ,2 -adrenoceptor antagonist , on cardiac parasympathetic regulation in human subjectsAUTONOMIC & AUTACOID PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 3 2004J. Penttilä Summary 1 This double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study on six healthy male volunteers was designed to evaluate the effects of ,2 -adrenoceptor antagonism on cardiac parasympathetic regulation. 2 The subjects received atipamezole intravenously as a three-step infusion, which aimed at steady-state serum concentrations of 10, 30 and 90 ng ml,1 at 50-min intervals. 3 Drug effects were assessed with repeated recordings of blood pressure and electrocardiogram, in which the high-frequency (0.15,0.40 Hz) R-R interval variation is supposed to reflect cardiac parasympathetic efferent neuronal activity. 4 At the end of the three steps of the infusion, the mean (±SD) concentrations of atipamezole were 10.5 (3.9), 26.8 (5.6) and 81.3 (21.1) ng ml,1. 5 Within this concentration range, atipamezole appeared to reduce slightly the high-frequency R-R interval fluctuations, indicating a minor vagolytic effect in the heart. 6 Atipamezole increased systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, on average by 20 and 14 mmHg (maxima at the second step of the infusion), which evidently reflects an overall sympathetic augmentation. [source] Enalapril/amlodipine combination in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients: a prospective randomized trialCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2007Jean-Michel Halimi Abstract:, Background:, Most hypertensive renal transplant recipients require two or more antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control. However, which medications must be combined is still a matter of debate. Methods:, A prospective randomized open-label blinded evaluation trial comparing the six-month effects of the amlodipine,enalapril combination (n = 32) vs. enalapril alone (n = 33) and vs. amlodipine alone (n = 34) on arterial pressure, renal function, albuminuria and tolerability. Results:, At six months, diastolic arterial pressure was more adequately controlled (i.e., <90 mmHg) in the combination group than in the amlodipine and enalapril groups (100% vs. 82.4% and 84.8%, respectively, p = 0.038). The same trend was observed for systolic arterial pressure (65.6% vs. 58.8% and 51.5%, NS). The six-month change in albuminuria was similar in the combination group and in the enalapril group (,64.7% vs. ,59.5%); however, patients in the combination group exhibited a greater reduction in albuminuria than in the amlodipine group (,64.7% vs. ,29.0%, p = 0.002). As compared with baseline values, serum creatinine and potassium remained unchanged in the combination group, whereas they increased by 9 ± 12 ,mol/L (p = 0.01) and by 0.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L (p < 0.01), respectively, in the enalapril group. The cyclosporine trough levels remained unchanged in the combination group, but increased in the amlodipine group. Conclusion:, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI),calcium-channel blocker (CCB) combination controls arterial pressure more adequately than ACEI alone or CCB alone, reduces albuminuria and may prevent the ACEI-induced initial rise in serum creatinine. [source] Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity as a dynamic measure of cardiac anticholinergic drug effectAUTONOMIC & AUTACOID PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2001J. Penttilä 1,In this study, the analysis of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was applied to the dynamic assessment of cardiac anticholinergic drug effect in healthy male volunteers. 2,The anticholinergic effects of single intravenous (i.v.) injections of atropine (10 ,g kg,1), glycopyrrolate (5 ,g kg,1) and scopolamine (5 ,g kg,1), as well as a 2-h infusion of glycopyrrolate (5 ,g kg,1 h,1) were investigated. Baroreflex sensitivity, a validated measure of cardiac parasympathetic reflex regulation, was repeatedly measured from 5-min recordings of electrocardiogram (ECG) and continuous blood pressure by using the sequence technique, a method based on detection of spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate. 3,Single injections of atropine, glycopyrrolate and scopolamine decreased the mean BRS by 71 ± 32, 68 ± 23 and 27 ± 45%, respectively, whereas the slow glycopyrrolate infusion gradually decreased BRS (up to 83 ± 11% reduction) and increased both systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressures (DAP) (on an average, by 9 mmHg). 4,During the withdrawal of the parasympathetic blockade (indicated by increasing BRS), the proportion of baroreflex sequences in the recordings increased transiently from 10 up to 20,25%, probably reflecting the restoration of the baroreflex integrity and the baroreflex-induced attempt to counteract the blood pressure increase. 5,The sequence method to study BRS seems to be feasible in the assessment of cardiac anticholinergic drug effects, and it also provides good time resolution for the dynamic measurements. [source] Hyperoxia-induced arterial compliance decrease in healthy manCLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 1 2005Pascal Rossi Summary Introduction:, Oxygen therapy is commonly used in emergency department and intensive care units without careful evaluation of its effects, especially on the haemodynamics and artery characteristics. Materials and methods:, A prospective laboratory study evaluated brachial circulatory effects of normobaric hyperoxia using ultrasonography-Doppler. The study was set in a hospital research laboratory. The subjects were thirteen healthy volunteers. Investigations were performed under normal air ventilation and after 20 min of hyperoxic mixture ventilation using a high concentration mask. Two dimensional images and brachial blood flow velocities were recorded using ultrasonography and pulsed Doppler to study changes in cross sectional area, blood flow, resistance index, and cross-sectional compliance coefficient. Results:, During hyperoxic exposure, mean PaO2 was 372 ± 21 mmHg. A significant decrease of heart rate was observed. Arterial pressures (systolic and diastolic arterial pressures) were not modified. A decrease of cross sectional areas at end diastole and end systole was observed. Pulsed Doppler study showed a decrease of brachial artery blood flow and an increase of the resistance index. Furthermore, a decrease of the cross-sectional compliance coefficient was observed during hyperoxic exposure in all subjects. Conclusion:, This study using two-dimensional ultrasonography and pulsed Doppler could demonstrate an increase in brachial arterial tone and a decrease in brachial blood flow under normobaric hyperoxia. [source] | ||||||||||