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Diabetic Groups (diabetic + groups)
Selected AbstractsDiagnostic utility of brain-natriuretic peptide for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patientsDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 3 2007M. Shimabukuro Aim:, Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been reported to be prevalent in diabetic subjects, but this recognition could often be missed. We evaluated prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction and diagnostic utility of brain-natriuretic peptide (BNP) in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research design and methods:, Plasma BNP levels and LV geometry and diastolic filling indices, including the ratio of peak early transmitral Doppler flow (E) over flow propagation velocity (Vp) measured by colour M-mode Doppler echocardiography, were analysed in 98 consecutive asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 51 age-matched controls. Results:, The LV mass index and relative wall thickness were higher in diabetic groups than controls without any differences in LV systolic function. The frequency of diastolic dysfunction defined as E/Vp , 1.5 were 31% in diabetic groups and 15% in controls (,2 = 4.364, p = 0.037). By receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a BNP cutoff value of 19.2 pg/ml in controls had a 53.1% positive predictive value (53.1%) and a high negative predictive value (94.4%) for E/Vp , 1.5, whereas a BNP cutoff value of 18.1 pg/ml in diabetic groups had a 61.8% positive and 97.3% negative predictive values. Conclusions:, The frequency of E/Vp , 1.5 was higher in asymptomatic diabetic patients, suggesting that LV diastolic dysfunction was prevalent. The plasma concentration of BNP could be used to depict LV diastolic dysfunction in such population. [source] Ethnic differences in plantar pressures in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathyDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 4 2008M. P. Solano Abstract Aims To compare plantar foot pressures between Caucasian and Hispanic diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy (PN) without a history of foot ulceration and between Caucasian and Hispanic non-diabetic individuals. Methods Forty-four Hispanic diabetic patients with PN (HDPN), 35 Caucasian diabetic patients with PN (CDPN), 41 non-diabetic Hispanic subjects and 33 non-diabetic Caucasian subjects participated. Total and regional peak plantar pressures (PPs) and pressure time integrals (PTIs) were assessed using the EMED-SF-4 plantar pressure system. Results Hispanic diabetic patients with PN had significantly lower peak PP than Caucasian diabetic patients with PN in the entire foot (552.4 ± 227.9 vs. 810.1 ± 274.6 kPa; P < 0.001), forefoot (464.1 ± 222.6 vs. 699.6 ± 323.1 kPa; P < 0.001), hindfoot (296.3.4 + 101.8 vs. 398.1 + 178.3 kPa; P < 0.01) and at the fifth metatarsal head (MTH5; 204.3 ± 143.2 vs. 388.2 ± 273.9 kPa; P < 0.001). The PTI in the entire foot, forefoot and MTH5 were also lower in HDPN than in CDPN. The ethnic differences between the diabetic groups with PN for the entire foot, forefoot and MTH5 remained significant after adjusting for the effect of age, gender, weight and duration of diabetes. There were no significant differences in peak PP and PTI among non-diabetic individuals, except for a lower peak PP at the MTH5 in Hispanic compared with Caucasian subjects. Conclusions Despite a well-known higher incidence of foot complications in diabetic Hispanic subjects, dynamic plantar pressures are lower in Hispanic diabetic patients with PN when compared with their Caucasian counterparts, suggesting that differences in other risk factors exist between these two ethnic groups. [source] Effect of urothelium on bladder contractility in diabetic ratsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 7 2005MURAT KO Abstract Aim: It is known that physiopathological changes in diabetes affect the function of the bladder. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the possible effects of diabetes on the urothelium during this physiopathological process. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by tail vein injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. Eight weeks later, intact and denuded bladder strips were prepared from these rats. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5,32 Hz), carbachol (10,8,10,3 mol/L; cumulative dosage-response curves) and KCl (120 mmol/L) were used for the evaluation of the contractile responses. All responses were expressed as mg tension developed per mg of bladder tissue. Weights of rats and of their bladders, blood glucose levels, and frequency- and concentration,response curves were compared using anova, the paired t -test and the independent t -test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: Although no differences related to the weight of bladders of the control and diabetic groups were observed, there were differences in blood glucose levels and body weights between the two groups. Similarly, although there were no differences between the data obtained with EFS and KCl from tissues with intact and denuded strips in the control group, carbachol responses significantly differed between intact and denuded strips in the non-diabetic group. These differences were not observed in the diabetic group. In the control groups, in the presence of additional strips with intact urothelium placed in the medium containing denuded tissue, the differences in contractile responses between the intact control strip and the denuded strip disappeared. Conclusions: Diabetes possibly changes the interaction between the relaxant factors that are released from urothelium and muscarinic stimulation, but these interactions are not completely understood yet. Consequently, the response of the bladder to contractile stimulants is also affected. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanism by which diabetes influences the urothelium. [source] Stereological comparison of 3D spatial relationships involving villi and intervillous pores in human placentas from control and diabetic pregnanciesJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 2 2000TERRY M. MAYHEW In human placenta, 3D spatial relationships between villi and the maternal vascular bed determine intervillous porosity and this, in turn, influences haemodynamics and transport. Recently-developed stereological methods were applied in order to examine and quantify these relationships. Placentas were collected after 37 wk from control pregnancies and those associated with maternal diabetes mellitus classified according to duration and severity (White classification scheme). Two principal questions were addressed: (1) are normal spatial arrangements maintained in well-controlled diabetes mellitus? and (2) do arrangements vary between diabetic groups? To answer these questions, tissue sections cut at random positions and orientations were generated by systematic sampling procedures. Volume densities of villi (terminal+intermediate), intervillous spaces and perivillous fibrin-type fibrinoid deposits were estimated by test point counting and converted to global volumes after multiplying by placental volumes. Design-based estimates of the sizes (volume- and surface-weighted volumes) of intervillous ,pores' were obtained by measuring the lengths of point- and intersection-sampled intercepts. From these, theoretical numbers of pores were calculated. Model-based estimates (cylinder model) of the hydraulic diameters and lengths of pores were also made. Second-order stereology was used to examine spatial relationships within and between villi and pores and to test whether pair correlation functions deviated from the value expected for ,random' arrangements. Estimated quantities did not differ significantly between diabetic groups but did display some departures from control values in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic placentas. These findings support earlier studies which indicate that essentially normal microscopical morphology is preserved in placentas from diabetic subjects with good glycaemic control. Therefore, it is likely that fetal hypoxia associated with maternal diabetes mellitus is due to metabolic disturbances rather than abnormalities in the quantities or arrangements of maternal vascular spaces. [source] Serum N -acetyl-,- D -glucosaminidase profiles in type 1 diabetes secondary complications: causes of changes and significance of determination,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2008V.B. Jovanovi Abstract The connection between changes in the activity of serum N -acetyl-,- D -glucosaminidase (NAG, E.C.3.2.1.30) and iso-enzymes and degree of secondary complications was analyzed in four groups of type 1 diabetic patients (n=69): without complications (n=22); with retinopathy (n=16); with retinopathy and polyneuropathy (n=13), and with retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy (n=18). In all groups statistically significant higher (P<0.001) percent fraction of A form (83.84±6.09, 84.37±5.74, 81.76±6.02, 76.37±7.38%, resp.) and lower (P<0.001, P<0.01) fraction of B form (15.87±5.65, 15.66±5.74, 18.33±5.98, 23.63±7.38, resp.) in total NAG compared with the control (A=69.38±4.79%, B=30.61±4.78%) were found. The differences in A as well as B forms between diabetic groups were not statistically significant. Significant strong positive correlations between total NAG and glycemia (0.494,0.623), total NAG and A form (0.934,0.966), and A form and glycemia (0.512,0.638) were found in all groups. No correlation was found between the fractions of B and A forms, except in the fourth group. The A form of diabetic patients in the fourth group was more acidic compared with the control and other diabetic groups. It was concluded that the changes in serum NAG and iso-enzymic profiles in diabetes are the consequence of its increased exocytose, especially of the A form, in hyperglycemia and posttranslational modifications of iso-enzymes. The total activity of serum NAG and iso-enzymic profiles cannot be used for monitoring the development and distinction of type 1 diabetes secondary complications. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:307,313, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease and diabetes: an immunohistochemical studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Guendalina Lucarini Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between expression of angiogenic and regeneration markers and periodontal disease in subjects with/without diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD44 and CD133 was performed in 16 samples each of (1) healthy gingiva from non-diabetic subjects (controls), (2) gingiva from non-diabetic subjects with periodontitis, (3) gingiva from subjects with type 1 diabetes and periodontitis, (4) gingiva from subjects with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. Results: Diseased gingivae from patients with diabetes and periodontitis had greater clinical measures of periodontal disease than those with periodontitis only. VEGF expression was significantly enhanced in epithelial and endothelial cells from patients with periodontitis compared with controls (p<0.05). Epithelial CD44 expression was strong in all groups, while CD44 was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in connective tissue cells from both diabetic groups. Epithelial and endothelial CD133 expression was comparable in all patients except those with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, where it was not detected. Stromal CD133 expression was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis and was increased in periodontitis patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: The involvement and high expression of VEGF, CD44 and CD133 in periodontal disease may predict a greater regeneration capacity of gingival tissue. [source] The effects of chard,(Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract on the kidney tissue, serum urea and Creatinine levels of diabetic ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2002R. Yanarda Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract on serum urea and creatinine concentrations and on kidney tissue in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The extract was administered to rats at a dose of 2,g/kg every day for 28 days, 14 days after animals were made diabetic. On day 42, kidney tissue and blood samples were examined. Significant degenerative changes in kidney tissue of diabetic rats were observed, but in the group given chard extract, the morphology of kidney tissue was found to be nearly the same as the controls. Serum urea and creatinine levels significantly increased in the diabetic groups, but the chard extracts significantly reduced serum urea and creatinine levels. It is concluded that the extract of this plant may reduce serum urea and creatinine levels and confer a protective effect on the kidney of diabetic rats. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Role of Increased Penile Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-,1 and Activation of the Smad Signaling Pathway in Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic RatsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2008Lu Wei Zhang MD ABSTRACT Introduction., It has been suggested that transforming growth factor-,1 (TGF-,1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction. Aim., To investigate the expression and activity of Smad transcriptional factors, the key molecules for the initiation of TGF-,-mediated fibrosis, in the penis of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods., Fifty-two 8-week-old Sprague,Dawley rats were used and divided into control and diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by an intravenous injection of STZ. Main Outcome Measures., Eight weeks later, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve (N = 12 per group). The penis was harvested and stained with Masson trichrome or antibody to TGF-,1, phospho-Smad2 (P-Smad2), smooth muscle ,-actin, and factor VIII (N = 12 per group). Penis specimens from a separate group of animals were used for TGF-,1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), P-Smad2/Smad2, phospho-Smad3 (P-Smad3)/Smad3, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV western blot, or hydroxyproline determination. Results., Erectile function was significantly reduced in diabetic rats compared with that in controls. The expression of TGF-,1, P-Smad2, and P-Smad3 protein evaluated by ELISA or western blot was higher in diabetic rats than in controls. Compared with that in control rats, P-Smad2 expression was higher mainly in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts of diabetic rats, whereas no significant differences were noted in endothelial cells or in the dorsal nerve bundle. Cavernous smooth muscle and endothelial cell contents were lower in diabetic rats than in controls. Cavernous fibronectin, collagen IV, and hydroxyproline content was significantly higher in diabetic rats than in controls. Conclusion., Upregulation of TGF-,1 and activation of the Smad signaling pathway in the penis of diabetic rats might play important roles in diabetes-induced structural changes and deterioration of erectile function. Zhang LW, Piao S, Choi MJ, Shin H-Y, Jin H-R, Kim WJ, Song SU, Han J-Y, Park SH, Mamura M, Kim S-J, Ryu J-K, and Suh J-K. Role of increased penile expression of transforming growth factor-,1 and activation of the Smad signaling pathway in erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Sex Med 2008;5:2318,2329. [source] Long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes alters prostanoid production in rat aorta and mesenteric bedAUTONOMIC & AUTACOID PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 4 2006H. A. Peredo Summary 1 Vascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in chronic diabetes mellitus. 2 Prostanoids, metabolites of arachidonic acid, include vasoactive substances produced and released from the vascular wall. Alterations in prostanoid production have been reported in the vasculature of diabetic humans and experimental animals. 3 The aim of the present work was to study the influence of three different periods of long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes, 30, 120 and 180 days in the production of prostanoids in the thoracic aorta and in the mesenteric vascular bed of the rat. The prostanoids released to the incubation medium by the tissues were extracted and measured by reversed-phase HPLC. 4 In the diabetic groups, body weight was reduced and glycaemia was increased when compared with the corresponding non-diabetic controls. 5 In the aorta, 30 days of diabetes did not modify the prostanoid release pattern, meanwhile 120 and 180 days of incubation decreased prostacyclin (PGI2) production. In the mesenteric bed, at 30 days the release of the vasodilators PGI2 and prostaglandin (PGE2) and the vasoconstrictor thromboxane (TXA2) was reduced. At 120 days the vasodilators were reduced and at 180 days such reduction was joined by an increase of the release of vasoconstrictor metabolites. 6 Thirty days of diabetes did not modify the PGI2/TXA2 ratio in the aorta or mesenteric bed. On the other hand, 120 and 180 days of diabetes reduced significantly the ratio when compared with the corresponding controls. 7 In conclusion, the mesenteric bed, a resistance vascular bed, seems to be more sensitive than the aorta, a conductance vessel, to the effects of diabetes on prostanoid production. The observed effects contribute to a displacement of the balance of prostanoid release in favour of the vasoconstrictor metabolites, a phenomenon that could be related to the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. [source] Pharmacokinetic changes of diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem after oral administration of diltiazem in rabbits with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxanBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 3 2002Jun S. Choi Abstract Physiological changes occurring in diabetes mellitus patients could alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat hypertension resulting from diabetic complications. Hence, the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem (DTZ) and its metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem (DAD), were investigated after oral administration of DTZ. DTZ, 20 mg/kg, was orally administered to control rabbits and rabbits with fifth day (experiment was performed at fifth day after first and second days intravenous administration of alloxan) and 13th day (experiment was performed at 13th day after first, second, sixth, and 10th days intravenous administration of alloxan) diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan. Impaired kidney and liver functions were observed in both diabetic groups based on plasma chemistry data and/or tissue microscopy. After oral administration of DTZ, the area under the plasma concentration,time curve from time zero to time infinity were 767, 1280 and 1550 ng h/ml for control rabbits and fifth and 13th days diabetes mellitus rabbits, respectively. The values in diabetes mellitus rabbits were significantly different as compared to control rabbits. The terminal half-lives of DTZ were significantly longer in fifth (13.4 h) and 13th (13.0 h) days diabetes mellitus rabbits than that in control rabbits (8.76 h). The renal clearances of DTZ in fifth (0.316 l/h/kg) and 13th (0.264 l/h/kg) days diabetes mellitus rabbits were significantly slower than that in control rabbits (0.505 l/h/kg), and this could be due to impaired kidney function in the diabetes mellitus rabbits. However, other pharmacokinetic parameters of DAD were not significantly different among three groups of rabbits. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] UPREGULATED ENDOTHELIN SYSTEM IN DIABETIC VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AND EARLY RETINOPATHY IS REVERSED BY CPU0213 AND TOTAL TRITERPENE ACIDS FROM FRUCTUS CORNICLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 12 2007Wei Su SUMMARY 1The aims of the present study were to examine whether: (i) upregulation of the endothelin (ET) pathway is involved in impairment of vascular relaxation and early retinopathy in diabetic rats; and (ii) vascular and retinal abnormalities respond to the total triterpene acid (TTA) isolated from Fructus Corni compared with responses to the novel endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213 and aminoguanidine (AMG), a special antagonist for advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 2Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups, namely a normal control and four diabetic groups, which included an untreated diabetic group and groups treated with AMG (100 mg/kg, i.g.), CPU0213 (30 mg/kg, s.c.) or TTA (50 mg/kg, i.g.). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 1st day. The mRNA expression of prepro-endothelin-1 (ppET-1), endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) and iNOS in the thoracic aorta and mRNA for ETA receptors and iNOS in the retina were detected by reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction. Vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and functional assessment of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was determined in the thoracic aorta. 3We observed upregulated mRNA expression of iNOS, ppET-1 and ECE in the thoracic aorta and upregulated mRNA for the ETA receptor and iNOS in the retina in the untreated diabetic group. Vasodilatation mediated by ACh and NO bioavailability were markedly reduced in the thoracic aorta compared with the normal control group. These abnormalities were essentially reversed by TTA, CPU0213 or AMG, with the exception with that AMG did not modify vasodilatation to ACh. 4These data suggest that upregulation of gene transcription of the ET system mediates depressed vasorelaxation, NO bioavailability and changes in iNOS and ETA receptors that reflect early retinopathy in diabetic rats. Total triterpene acid, in terms of pharmacological properties resembling the endothelin receptor antagonist CPU0213, is effective in normalizing expression of the ET system and iNOS in early diabetic retinopathy and vasculaopathy. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||