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Diverse Number (diverse + number)
Selected AbstractsUse of RAPD and killer toxin sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain typingJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005L. Corte Abstract Aims:, Two different strain characterization techniques, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and killer toxin sensitivity (KTS), were compared to assess their typing performance using a set of 30 certified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Methods and Results:, A sequential random resampling procedure was employed to subdivide the 32 descriptors in eight sets, in order to compare the differential performances of the two techniques with diverse number of characters. Results showed that RAPD performs better than killer, although the complete differentiation of the strains under study could be obtained only by combining profiles from the two techniques Conclusions:, The combination of different typing techniques was useful when discriminating similar organisms. In such cases, the introduction of a second typing technique can be more advantageous than increasing the number of characters obtained with a single method. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The distribution of among-strains pairwise distances and the relative performance of the two techniques has implications for the study of biodiversity, taxonomy and microbial ecology. [source] The Tissue-Specific Processing of Pro-OpiomelanocortinJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2008A. B. Bicknell It is just over 30 years since the definitive identification of the adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) precursor, pro-opiomelanocotin (POMC). Although first characterised in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary, POMC is also expressed in a number of both central and peripheral tissues including the skin, central nervous tissue and placenta. Following synthesis, POMC undergoes extensive post-translational processing producing not only ACTH, but also a number of other biologically active peptides. The extent and pattern of this processing is tissue-specific, the end result being the tissue dependent production of different combinations of peptides from the same precursor. These peptides have a diverse range of biological roles ranging from pigmentation to adrenal function to the regulation of feeding. This level of complexity has resulted in POMC becoming the archetypal model for prohormone processing, illustrating how a single protein combined with post-translational modification can have a diverse number of roles. [source] Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmissionMEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2008S. A. BILLETER AbstractBartonella species are gram-negative bacteria that infect erythrocytes, endothelial cells and macrophages, often leading to persistent blood-borne infections. Because of the ability of various Bartonella species to reside within erythrocytes of a diverse number of animal hosts, there is substantial opportunity for the potential uptake of these blood-borne bacteria by a variety of arthropod vectors that feed on animals and people. Five Bartonella species are transmitted by lice, fleas or sandflies. However, Bartonella DNA has been detected or Bartonella spp. have been cultured from numerous other arthropods. This review discusses Bartonella transmission by sandflies, lice and fleas, the potential for transmission by other vectors, and data supporting transmission by ticks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture methods have been used to detect Bartonella in ticks, either questing or host-attached, throughout the world. Case studies and serological or molecular surveys involving humans, cats and canines provide indirect evidence supporting transmission of Bartonella species by ticks. Of potential clinical relevance, many studies have proposed co-transmission of Bartonella with other known tick-borne pathogens. Currently, critically important experimental transmission studies have not been performed for Bartonella transmission by many potential arthropod vectors, including ticks. [source] High European sauropod dinosaur diversity during Jurassic,Cretaceous transition in Riodeva (Teruel, Spain)PALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2009RAFAEL ROYO-TORRES Abstract:, Up to now, more than 40 dinosaur sites have been found in the latest Jurassic , earliest Cretaceous sedimentary outcrops (Villar del Arzobispo Formation) of Riodeva (Iberian Range, Spain). Those already excavated, as well as other findings, provide a large and diverse number of sauropod remains, suggesting a great diversity for this group in the Iberian Peninsula during this time. Vertebrae and ischial remains from Riodevan site RD-13 are assigned to Turiasaurus riodevensis (a species described in RD-10, Barrihonda site), which is part of the Turiasauria clade. This is the first time that a taxon is attributed to Turiasaurus genus out of its type site. A Neosauropod caudal vertebra from the RD-11 site has been classified as Diplodocinae indet., supporting the previous attribution on an ilion also found in Riodeva (CPT-1074) referring to the Diplodocidae clade. New remains from the RD-28, RD-41 and RD-43 sites, of the same age, among which there are caudal vertebrae, are assigned to Macronaria. New sauropod footprints from the Villar del Arzobispo Formation complete the extraordinary sauropod record coming to light in the area. The inclusion of other sauropods from different contemporaneous exposures in Teruel within the Turiasauria clade adds new evidence of a great diversity of sauropods in Iberia during the Jurassic,Cretaceous transition. Turiasauria distribution contributes to the understanding of European and global palaeobiogeography. [source] Disruption of axoplasmic transport induces mechanical sensitivity in intact rat C-fibre nociceptor axonsTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Andrew Dilley Peripheral nerve inflammation can cause axons conducting through the inflamed site to become mechanically sensitive. Axonal mechanical sensitivity (AMS) of intact axons may explain symptoms in a diverse number of conditions characterized by radiating pain evoked by movements of the affected nerve. Because nerve inflammation also disrupts axoplasmic transport, we hypothesized that the disruption of axoplasmic transport by nerve inflammation could cause the cellular components responsible for mechanical transduction to accumulate and become inserted at the inflamed site, causing AMS. This was tested by examining AMS in C-fibre nociceptors following the application of axoplasmic transport blockers (colchicine and vinblastine) to the sciatic nerve. Both 10 mm colchicine and 0.1 mm vinblastine caused AMS to develop in 30.6% and 33.3% of intact axons, respectively (P < 0.05 compared to sham treatment). Since high doses of colchicine (> 50 mm) can damage axons, and inflammation is involved in the removal of axonal debris, experiments were performed to assess conduction across the treatment site as well as signs of inflammation. Results indicated minimal axonal loss (95% of A- and C-fibres conducting), consistent with the normal microscopic appearance of the colchicine treatment site and absence of ED1-positive (recruited) macrophages. In a separate series of experiments, the block of axoplasmic transport proximal to a localized neuritis significantly reduced inflammation-induced AMS (15.6% compared to 55.6%; P < 0.05), further supporting that the components necessary for AMS are moved by anterograde transport. In summary, nerve inflammation that causes the disruption of axoplasmic transport in patients with painful conditions may result in the accumulation and insertion of mechanosensitive elements at the inflamed site. [source] mRNPs take shape by CLIPPING and PAIRINGBIOESSAYS, Issue 11 2006Robert B. Denman The interaction of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with RNA is a crucial aspect of normal cellular metabolism. Yet, the diverse number of RBPs and RNA motifs to which they bind, the wide range of interaction strengths and the fact that RBPs associate in dynamic complexes have made it challenging to determine whether a particular RNA-binding protein binds a particular RNA. Recent work by three different laboratories has led to the development of new tools to query such interactions in the more physiological environs of cultured cells. The use of these methods has led to insights into (1) the networks of RNAs regulated by a particular protein, (2) the identification of new protein partners within messenger ribonucleoprotein particles and (3) the flux of RNA-binding proteins on an mRNA throughout its lifecycle. Here, I examine these new methods and discuss their relative strengths and current limitations. BioEssays 28: 1132,1143, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||