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Dioxide Treatment (dioxide + treatment)
Kinds of Dioxide Treatment Selected AbstractsSUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT TO INACTIVATE AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS ON ALFALFA SEEDSJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 4 2001ANGELA M. MAZZONI ABSTRACT The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) process involves pressurizing CO2 in a chamber which generates liquid phase of carbon dioxide. Pressurized liquid CO2 has a strong extraction capability of organic and inorganic compounds. The recent studies have also demonstrated that antimicrobial effect of SC-CO2 due extraction some cellular components of microorganisms. The efficacy of a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment on alfalfa seeds contaminated with Escherichia coli K12 was tested at 2000, 3000, and 4000 psi at 50C. Samples were treated for 15, 30, and 60 min at each pressure. After pummeling the seed samples in 0.1% peptone water, the initial and final Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria on the seeds were determined by plating on 3M Petri Films. After 48 h of incubation at 37 C, the colonies were enumerated. Treated seeds were evaluated in terms of germination characteristics. For aerobic plate count, the effect of pressure in the range of 2000,4000 psi was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) even though 85.6% inactivation was achieved at 4000 psi for 60 min. For E. coli, the reductions for 2000, 3000, and 4000 psi treatments for 15 min were 26.6, 68.1, and 81.3%, respectively. As the time was increased from 15 to 60 min at 4000 psi, the percent E. coli reduction increased from 81.3% to 92.8%. The percent germination for all treatments was over 90%. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the germination rate of treated and untreated seeds. Supercritical carbon dioxide treatments demonstrated a reduction of E. coli K12 and total aerobic counts without affecting the germination characteristics of alfalfa seeds (p < 0.05). This study was a step in the direction of improving safety of alfalfa seeds used to produce fresh sprouts, which have been the cause of several outbreaks. [source] Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on Stored Iceberg Lettuce by Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide TreatmentJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 9 2008Yun-Jung Kim ABSTRACT:, Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in iceberg lettuce by aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment was evaluated. Iceberg lettuce samples were inoculated with approximately 7 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes. Iceberg lettuce samples were then treated with 0, 5, 10, or 50 ppm ClO2 solution and stored at 4 °C. Aqueous ClO2 treatment significantly decreased the populations of pathogenic bacteria on shredded lettuce (P < 0.05). In particular, 50 ppm ClO2 treatment reduced E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes by 1.44, 1.95, and 1.20 log CFU/g, respectively. The D10 -values of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes in shredded lettuce were 11, 26, and 42 ppm, respectively. The effect of aqueous ClO2 treatment on the growth of pathogenic bacteria during storage was evaluated, and a decrease in the population size of these pathogenic bacteria was observed. Additionally, aqueous ClO2 treatment did not affect the color of lettuce during storage. These results suggest that aqueous ClO2 treatment can be used to improve the microbial safety of shredded lettuce during storage. [source] Microbial Inactivation Kinetics during High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide Treatment: Nonlinear Model for the Combined Effect of Temperature and Pressure in Apple JuiceJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2008G. Ferrentino ABSTRACT:, Isobaric and isothermal semi-logarithmic survival curves of natural microflora in apple juice treated with high-pressure carbon dioxide at 7, 13, and 16 MPa pressures and 35, 50, and 60 °C temperatures were fitted with a nonlinear equation to find the values of the coefficient b(P ), b(T ), n(P ), and n(T ). Profiles of the model parameters were obtained as a function of pressure and temperature. The model fitted with good agreement (R2 > 0.945), the survival curves. An empirical equation was proposed to describe the combined effects of pressure and temperature. The equation, derived from a power law model, was written in the form: . The proposed model fitted the experimental data well. At 7 MPa and 50 and 60 °C, 13 MPa and 35 and 60 °C, 16 MPa and 35 °C, the model provided log10 reduction residual values (observed value , fitted value) lower than 0.284 showing a good agreement between the experimental and the predicted survival levels. [source] C3,C4 composition and prior carbon dioxide treatment regulate the response of grassland carbon and water fluxes to carbon dioxideFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2007H. W. POLLEY Summary 1Plants usually respond to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment by increasing photosynthesis and reducing transpiration, but these initial responses to CO2 may not be sustained. 2During May, July and October 2000, we measured the effects of temporarily increasing or decreasing CO2 concentration by 150,200 µmol mol,1 on daytime net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and water flux (evapotranspiration, ET) of C3,C4 grassland in central Texas, USA that had been exposed for three growing seasons to a CO2 gradient from 200 to 560 µmol mol,1. Grassland grown at subambient CO2 (< 365 µmol mol,1) was exposed for 2 days to an elevated CO2 gradient (> 365 µmol mol,1). Grassland grown at elevated CO2 was exposed for 2 days to a subambient gradient. Our objective was to determine whether growth CO2 affected the amount by which grassland NEE and ET responded to CO2 switching (sensitivity to CO2). 3The NEE per unit of leaf area was greater (16,20%) and ET was smaller (9,20%), on average, at the higher CO2 concentration during CO2 switching in May and July. The amount by which NEE increased at the higher CO2 level was smaller at elevated than subambient growth concentrations on both dates, but relationships between NEE response and growth CO2 were weak. Conversely, the effect of temporary CO2 change on ET did not depend on growth CO2. 4The ratio of NEE at high CO2 to NEE at low CO2 during CO2 change in July increased from 1·0 to 1·26 as the contribution of C3 cover to total cover increased from 26% to 96%. Conversely, in May, temporary CO2 enrichment reduced ET more in C4 - than C3 -dominated grassland. 5For this mesic grassland, sensitivity of NEE and ET to brief change in CO2 depended as much on the C3,C4 composition of vegetation as on physiological adjustments related to prior CO2 exposure. [source] SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT TO INACTIVATE AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS ON ALFALFA SEEDSJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 4 2001ANGELA M. MAZZONI ABSTRACT The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) process involves pressurizing CO2 in a chamber which generates liquid phase of carbon dioxide. Pressurized liquid CO2 has a strong extraction capability of organic and inorganic compounds. The recent studies have also demonstrated that antimicrobial effect of SC-CO2 due extraction some cellular components of microorganisms. The efficacy of a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment on alfalfa seeds contaminated with Escherichia coli K12 was tested at 2000, 3000, and 4000 psi at 50C. Samples were treated for 15, 30, and 60 min at each pressure. After pummeling the seed samples in 0.1% peptone water, the initial and final Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria on the seeds were determined by plating on 3M Petri Films. After 48 h of incubation at 37 C, the colonies were enumerated. Treated seeds were evaluated in terms of germination characteristics. For aerobic plate count, the effect of pressure in the range of 2000,4000 psi was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) even though 85.6% inactivation was achieved at 4000 psi for 60 min. For E. coli, the reductions for 2000, 3000, and 4000 psi treatments for 15 min were 26.6, 68.1, and 81.3%, respectively. As the time was increased from 15 to 60 min at 4000 psi, the percent E. coli reduction increased from 81.3% to 92.8%. The percent germination for all treatments was over 90%. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the germination rate of treated and untreated seeds. Supercritical carbon dioxide treatments demonstrated a reduction of E. coli K12 and total aerobic counts without affecting the germination characteristics of alfalfa seeds (p < 0.05). This study was a step in the direction of improving safety of alfalfa seeds used to produce fresh sprouts, which have been the cause of several outbreaks. [source] | ||||||||||