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Selected AbstractsThe source process of the 2001 July 26 Skyros Island (Greece) earthquakeGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2004Zafeiria Roumelioti SUMMARY The spatial and temporal distribution of slip during the 2001 July 26 Skyros (Greece) earthquake Moment magnitude (M 6.5) is investigated using broadband data recorded at regional distances. The applied method involves estimation of the source time functions of the examined event through an empirical Green's function approach and inversion of their shapes to estimate kinematic source parameters. Our test inversions to statistically identify the fault plane, together with the distribution of aftershocks clearly indicate sinistral strike-slip faulting. In view of the fact that the Skyros epicentre lies near the western termination of the dextral strike-slip North Anatolian Fault (NAF) into the Aegean Sea, this sinistral strike-slip motion, for the first time instrumentally identified, has great tectonic significance. The best values searched through the inversion are 0.7 s for the rise time, and 2.4 km s,1 for the rupture velocity. Most of the slip appears to be concentrated in a relatively small area around the hypocentre, while a smaller slip patch was found at relatively large depth (18,24 km). At least two of the large aftershocks following the main event also occurred at the deeper part of the fault. Smaller amounts of slip are distributed in a wider area with dimensions similar to those inferred from the aftershock distribution studies and the empirical relations applicable to Greece. [source] A comparison of a microfocus X-ray source and a conventional sealed tube for crystal structure determinationJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2009Thomas Schulz Experiments are described in which a direct comparison was made between a conventional 2,kW water-cooled sealed-tube X-ray source and a 30,W air-cooled microfocus source with focusing multilayer optics, using the same goniometer, detector, radiation (Mo,K,), crystals and software. The beam characteristics of the two sources were analyzed and the quality of the resulting data sets compared. The Incoatec Microfocus Source (IµS) gave a narrow approximately Gaussian-shaped primary beam profile, whereas the Bruker AXS sealed-tube source, equipped with a graphite monochromator and a monocapillary collimator, had a broader beam with an approximate intensity plateau. Both sources were mounted on the same Bruker D8 goniometer with a SMART APEX II CCD detector and Bruker Kryoflex low-temperature device. Switching between sources simply required changing the software zero setting of the 2, circle and could be performed in a few minutes, so it was possible to use the same crystal for both sources without changing its temperature or orientation. A representative cross section of compounds (organic, organometallic and salt) with and without heavy atoms was investigated. For each compound, two data sets, one from a small and one from a large crystal, were collected using each source. In another experiment, the data quality was compared for crystals of the same compound that had been chosen so that they had dimensions similar to the width of the beam. The data were processed and the structures refined using standard Bruker and SHELX software. The experiments show that the IµS gives superior data for small crystals whereas the diffracted intensities were comparable for the large crystals. Appropriate scaling is particularly important for the IµS data. [source] Difference between the spore sizes of Bacillus anthracis and other Bacillus speciesJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007M. Carrera Abstract Aims:, To determine the size distribution of the spores of Bacillus anthracis, and compare its size with other Bacillus species grown and sporulated under similar conditions. Methods and Results:, Spores from several Bacillus species, including seven strains of B. anthracis and six close neighbours, were prepared and studied using identical media, protocols and instruments. Here, we report the spore length and diameter distributions, as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We calculated the aspect ratio and volume of each spore. All the studied strains of B. anthracis had similar diameter (mean range between 0·81 ± 0·08 ,m and 0·86 ± 0·08 ,m). The mean lengths of the spores from different B. anthracis strains fell into two significantly different groups: one with mean spore lengths 1·26 ± 0·13 ,m or shorter, and another group of strains with mean spore lengths between 1·49 and 1·67 ,m. The strains of B. anthracis that were significantly shorter also sporulated with higher yield at relatively lower temperature. The grouping of B. anthracis strains by size and sporulation temperature did not correlate with their respective virulence. Conclusions:, The spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atrophaeus (previously named Bacillus globigii), two commonly used simulants of B. anthracis, were considerably smaller in length, diameter and volume than all the B. anthracis spores studied. Although rarely used as simulants, the spores of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis had dimensions similar to those of B. anthracis. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Spores of nonvirulent Bacillus species are often used as simulants in the development and testing of countermeasures for biodefence against B. anthracis. The data presented here should help in the selection of simulants that better resemble the properties of B. anthracis, and thus, more accurately represent the performance of collectors, detectors and other countermeasures against this threat agent. [source] Transcervical hysteroscopic sterilization using cyanoacrylate: A long-term experimental study on sheepJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2009Sergio Bigolin Abstract Aim:, We investigated the transcervical hysteroscopy application of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in the uterine tube lumen of a non-rodent animals (sheep) with fallopian tube dimensions similar those in humans. Methods:, Standard hysteroscopic procedures were performed on female Texel sheep (n = 26). The right and left ostia were identified. For each ewe, a urethral catheter (5Fr) was used for the delivery of 0.5 mL of saline or an equal volume of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate into the uterine tube. Following the procedure, ewes were housed with males of proven fertility for 90 days (equivalent to 5.5 estrous cycles). Postmortem (dye and burst pressure) and in vivo (hysterosalpingogram) testing for tube patency were both performed 90 days and 180 days following the procedure. Results:, All animals receiving the saline treatment became pregnant. Gross inspection of uterine tubes following n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate treatment revealed no visceral adhesions or fibrosis. However, postmortem testing revealed total obstruction within the fallopian tubes. This was confirmed by hysterosalpingogram, in that iodine contrast did not escape into the abdominal cavity. Conclusion:, The cyanoacrylate promoted a reliable fallopian tube obstruction without fibrosis in an animal model exhibiting a similar tube diameter to that found in women. The technique can be evaluated for efficacy in vivo using hysterosalpingography. [source] A Method to Intraoperatively Assess Stapes Prostheses for Magnetic Attraction,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2003David W. White MD Abstract Objective To present a technique used to assess metallic otologic protheses for magnetic susceptibility during surgery. Study Design Description of a surgical technique. Methods A sterile handheld pacemaker magnet is used to evaluate the prothesis prior to implantation. The magnet is placed over the prosthesis and the prosthesis is placed directly on the magnet. Any evidence of magnetic attraction and the prosthesis is rejected prior to implantation. Results None of the prostheses screened showed any magnetic attraction. As a control, steel wire was cut into pieces with dimensions similar to prostheses. These sections of wire were readily attracted to the magnet. Conclusions Intraoperative screening of metallic prostheses for magnetic susceptibility is possible using a sterile handheld pacemaker magnet. [source] | ||||||||||