Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Determination Methods (determination + methods)
Selected AbstractsMethods for crack opening load and crack tip shielding determination: a reviewFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 11 2003S. STOYCHEV and ABSTRACT In this paper a review of the literature on crack closure/opening load and crack tip shielding effects determination methods is presented. Commonly used ,subjective' (visual) and ,non-subjective' approaches have been included. Procedures associated with the determination of an effective crack driving force for both Elber type and that of partial (or incremental) crack closure models have been covered. Comparison among different methods of analyses based on compliance and fatigue crack growth rate measurements is discussed together with their implications and difficulties in fatigue crack growth correlations. [source] Development of highly accurate interpolation methodfor mesh-free flow simulations III.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 7 2003Analysis of accuracy, stability Abstract A highly accurate interpolation method, CIVA, improves the accuracy of mesh-free and grid-less methods by taking into consideration first-order spatial derivatives as variables; an approach based on the same idea as that on which CIP is based. In this study, the accuracy and stability of CIVA is evaluated by analytically and numerically. First, the general formulation of CIVA for the n -dimensional case is described. Since CIVA contains the bubble function, we consider the determination methods: constant curvature condition and utilization of another computing point. Then, the relation between the bubble function in the CIVA method and the accuracy and stability is made clear by the analysis based on the Taylor expansion. Some computations of two-dimensional passive scalar advection and advection,diffusion problems are performed for the verification of accuracy and stability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Qualification and Quantification of Fish Protein in Prepared Surimi CrabstickJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 5 2008Z.H. Reed ABSTRACT:, Species identification and protein quantification in surimi crabstick were achieved using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). When the Lowry and Kjeldahl protein determination methods were compared, the former showed more consistent results. Densitometric scanning of the gels was used for quantification of total fish protein as well as total egg white protein. The lower molecular weight proteins, 30 kDa and lower, proved to be the most useful in fish species identification as well as egg white protein addition. Using a combination of the myosin heavy chain band and the species-specific myosin light chain (Alaska pollock: 22.5 kDa; Pacific whiting: 24.4 kDa) proved the most accurate in calculating fish protein content of the crabstick sample, while for those samples that contained egg white, quantification was accomplished from the densitometric analysis of the overlapping bands of actin (45 kDa) from fish and ovalbumin from egg white. Lysozyme (14.3 kDa) proved to be a unique protein band in determining the presence of egg white when the content of dried egg white was equal to or exceeded 0.5% of the total weight of the final crabstick. [source] Performance characteristics according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in the fluorimetric determination of tetracycline in the absence and in the presence of magnesiumLUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 6 2007Noelia Rodríguez Abstract The fluorimetric determination of tetracycline is usually carried out in the presence of some metals that, through the formation of a complex with this antibiotic, enhance its fluorescence emission, giving more sensitive determination methods. It is well established that magnesium is one of these metals. However, it is possible that higher signals do not mean a real improvement in the quality of the analytical method. In this work, the univariate and multivariate fluorescence determination of tetracycline is performed in the presence and absence of Mg2+, comparing the quality of the analyses through some performance characteristics that, according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC define the functional qualities of analytical methods. The methods with the best performance characteristics were multivariate determinations carried out in the absence of Mg2+, both when emission or excitation spectra were taken, the decision limits (CC,) being 13.1 and 20.1 µg/L and the detection capabilities (CC,) 25.3 and 38.5 µg/L, respectively. This study points out through a case study that higher analytical signals do not necessarily mean better performance characteristics of a method of analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Series resistance characterization of industrial silicon solar cells with screen-printed contacts using hotmelt pastePROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 6 2007A. Mette Abstract This work presents the results of a detailed series resistance characterization of silicon solar cells with screen-printed front contacts using hotmelt silver paste. Applying the hotmelt technology energy conversion efficiencies up to 18·0% on monocrystalline wafers with a size of 12·5,cm,×,12·5,cm have been achieved, an increase of 0·3% absolute compared to cells with conventional screen-printed contacts. This is mainly due to the reduction in the finger resistance to values as low as 14,,/m, which reduces the series resistance of the solar cell significantly. To retrieve the lumped series resistance as accurately as possible under the operating condition, different determination methods have been analyzed. Methods under consideration were fitting of the two-diode equation function to a dark IV-curve, integration of the area A under an IV-curve, comparison of a jsc,Voc with a one-sun IV-curve, comparison of the jsc and Voc points of a shaded curve with the one-sun IV-curve as well as comparison of a dark IV-curve with a one-sun IV-curve, and comparison of IV-curves measured at different light intensities. The performed investigations have shown that the latter four methods all resulted in reliable series resistance values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sex determination from the occipital condyle: Discriminant function analysis in an Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century British sampleAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2009René Gapert Abstract Fragmentary human remains compromised by different types of inhumation, or physical insults such as explosions, fires, and mutilations may frustrate the use of traditional morphognostic sex determination methods. The basicranium is protected by a large soft tissue mass comprising muscle, tendon, and ligaments. As such, the occipital region may prove useful for sex identification in cases of significantly fragmented remains. The aims of this paper are to (1) evaluate sexual dimorphism in British cranial bases by manually recorded unilateral and bilateral condylar length and width as well as intercondylar measurements and (2) develop discriminant functions for sex determination for this cranial sample. The crania selected for this study are part of the 18th,19th century documented skeletal collection of St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, London. Adult human skulls (n = 146; ,75/,71) were measured to derive statistical functions. Results indicated that expression of sexual dimorphism in the occipital condylar region within the St. Bride's population is demonstrable but low. Crossvalidated classification accuracy ranged between 69.2 and 76.7%, and sex bias ranged from 0.3 to 9.7%. Therefore, the use of discriminant functions derived from occipital condyles, especially in British skeletal populations, should only be considered in cases of fragmented cranial bases when no other morphognostic or morphometric method can be utilized for sex determination. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] X-ray fluorescence holography: a novel treatment for crystal structure determinationACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A, Issue 2 2003F. N. Chukhovskii It is shown that it is possible to use a linear regression algorithm direct method to solve crystal structures from X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) data. It is found that, in contrast to conventional X-ray structure determination methods, which do not always work unambiguously, the sustainable method utilizing the XFH data generally provides the unique phase-retrieval structure solution and is able, in many cases, to replace the above for determining both the absolute values (moduli) and phases of structure factors. The XFH scan with a fluorescing Cu atom from a spherical cluster of a Cu3Au single crystal, at an energy of 10,keV for the incident unpolarized plane-wave X-radiation, is numerically simulated to test the performance of the method in finding a unique solution for the structure factors involved in the restoration procedure using the linear regression algorithm. [source] | |||||||||||||