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Detailed Literature Review (detailed + literature_review)
Selected AbstractsIndustrial wastewater treatment in a membrane bioreactor: A reviewENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Issue 1 2004B. Marrot Abstract This paper provides a detailed literature review of wastewater treatment in a membrane bioreactor process (MBR) with special focus on industrial wastewater treatment. MBR systems are compared with conventional wastewater treatment systems. The characteristics of the bioreactor treatment process (biomass concentration and floc size, organic and mass loading rates, etc.) are examined. The membrane separation of microorganisms from the treated wastewater is discussed in detail. Problems of membrane fouling and membrane washing and regeneration, linked to activated sludge characteristics, are examined. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 23: 59,68, 2004 [source] Safety update on the use of recombinant factor VIIa and the treatment of congenital and acquired deficiency of factor VIII or IX with inhibitorsHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 5 2008T. ABSHIRE Summary., Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa, NovoSeven®) has been licensed for treatment of haemophilia with inhibitors in Europe since 1996 and in North America since 1999. Overall, approximately 1.5 million doses have since been administered. Safety data from licensure to April 2003 revealed 25 thromboembolic (TE) adverse events (AE) from over 700 000 doses given, a remarkably low incidence of TE events. Recent reports have cited a higher prevalence of TE events with rFVIIa use, especially when used off-label. This report reviews the TE and fatal events with use of rFVIIa for congenital and acquired haemophilia A or B from May 2003 to December 2006. Approximately 800 000 standard doses of rFVIIa have been administered during this time frame. All clinical trials, spontaneous and solicited reports, as well as a detailed literature review, were included in the data analysis. There were a total of 30 TE events and 6 TE-associated fatal events. Spontaneous reports captured 14/71 (20%) TE/AE and 2/34 TE-associated/total fatal events. From solicited reports, 5/40 (12.5%) were associated with a TE and 1/32 TE-associated fatal events. Literature review revealed 11/19 (58%) TE events and 3/6 TE-associated fatal events. Despite the use of high-dose rFVIIa (270 ,g kg,1) in some clinical trials and registries, rFVIIa appears safe, when used for congenital and acquired haemophilia. The prevalence of TE associated with rFVIIa use is less than 4/100 000 and a TE-associated fatal event is also extremely rare. However, use of rFVIIa for off-label indications should continue to be monitored closely via clinical trials and carefully designed registries. [source] The use of quality of life measures in oral medicine: a review of the literatureORAL DISEASES, Issue 5 2010R Ni Riordain Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 419,430 Objectives:, To explore the use of patient reported quality of life measures in oral medicine, to highlight the importance of use of these measures in oral medicine practice and to provide guidance for the selection of such measures in the future. Methods:, A detailed literature review was undertaken to investigate the use of quality of life measures in oral medicine. The databases searched were MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, CINDHL, Web of Science Citation Index and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and randomised controlled trials. Results:, The initial literature search yielded a total of 5310 citations; however, only 63 of these fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two articles were regarding oral mucosal conditions, 14 related to orofacial pain disorders and 27 were regarding salivary gland-related conditions. Conclusions:, The evaluation of quality of life in oral medicine has a broad applicability, providing information in treatment-based studies and population-based studies. A predominance of generic and oral health specific quality of life measures are being used to a limited extent in oral medicine practice. A scarcity of reports of the development, validation or use of disease specific measures is evident. [source] ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual DysfunctionTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4pt2 2010Ronald W. Lewis MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Accurate estimates of prevalence/incidence are important in understanding the true burden of male and female sexual dysfunction and in identifying risk factors for prevention efforts. This is the summary of the report by the International Consultation Committee for Sexual Medicine on Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction. Aim., The main aim of this article is to provide a general overview of the definitions of sexual dysfunction for men and women, the incidence and prevalence rates, and a description of the risk factors identified in large population-based studies. Methods., Literature regarding definitions, descriptive and analytical epidemiology of sexual dysfunction in men and women were selected using evidence-based criteria. For descriptive epidemiological studies, a Prins score of 10 or higher was utilized to identify population-based studies with adequately stringent criteria. This report represents the opinions of eight experts from five countries developed in a consensus process and encompassing a detailed literature review over a 2-year period. Main Outcome Measures., The study aims to provide state-of-the-art prevalence and incidence rates reported for each dysfunction and stratified by age and gender. Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. Results., A wealth of information is presented on erectile dysfunction, its development through time, and its correlates. The field is still in need of more epidemiological studies on the other men's sexual dysfunction and on all women's sexual dysfunctions. Conclusions., A review of the currently available evidence from epidemiological studies is provided. Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Corona G, Hayes RD, Laumann EO, Moreira ED Jr., Rellini AH, and Segraves T. Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:1598,1607. [source] In Vivo Preclinical Anticoagulation Regimens After Implantation of Ventricular Assist DevicesARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 7 2009Diyar Saeed Abstract Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have demonstrated successfully their ability to treat failing circulation of patients with end-stage heart failure. Among the main obstacles with these VADs is thromboembolic events that increase device-related morbidity and mortality. Prior to the clinical application of any newly developed VAD, the feasibility of the device is tested on animal models. Animal species have different hemostatic properties than human patients, and this factor creates a margin of error when comparing the occurrence of VAD-induced thrombosis in an animal versus a human. This detailed literature review provides a thorough documentation of various preclinical anticoagulation protocols used to date, including their outcomes and recommendations for future anticoagulation management strategies. In summary, the outcomes favor a sheep or pig model over other animal models, and discourage the application of a single anticoagulative agent to improve outcomes with any of the currently available devices. [source] Examination of attitudes towards teaching online courses based on theory of reasoned action of university faculty in TaiwanBRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Tzy-Ling Chen This study examined attitudes of university faculty specialising in the field of human resource (HR) in Taiwan towards participation in the teaching of online courses using the theory of reasoned action (TRA). The population targeted for investigation consisted of the full-time university faculty in the HR field in Taiwan regardless of their experience in the teaching online courses of any kind. Survey development included a detailed literature review to identify beliefs that guided measurement construction and followed the guidelines recommended by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) to ensure construct validity. Data were collected on TRA constructs and demographic variables using the questionnaire mailed to 278 faculty members targeted for the study. A 42% (n = 116) response rate was achieved after one round of the follow-up through emailing. The significant predictor variables, attitude and subjective social norm were confirmed. In other words, results of analyses evidenced the contribution of TRA to explaining the underlying beliefs that enhance or thwart participation. Additionally, faculty in this study possessed positive attitudes towards the participation in online teaching, and further analyses supported the use of TRA in this research context. [source] | ||||||||||