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Destructive Behavior (destructive + behavior)
Selected AbstractsSUMMIT ON UNIFIED FAMILY COURTS: SERVING CHILDREN AND FAMILIES EFFICIENTLY, EFFECTIVELY, AND RESPONSIBLYFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Karen J. Mathis As president of the American Bar Association when the "Summit on Unified Family Courts" convened in May 2007, Karen J. Mathis welcomed summit attendees. Recounting the many reasons children wind up in court, Mathis observed that society is lucky if these problems even come before the courts. Too often, she said, the underlying problems of destructive behavior among youth are lost in the shuffle of too many lawyers, case workers, and judges. "Many times they're ignored by the professionals among us who are not trained to be aware that the problems even exist," she said. The solution to this fragmented approach is unified family courts, she concluded. [source] On the Construct Validity of Integrity Tests: Individual and Situational Factors as Predictors of Test PerformanceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT, Issue 3 2001Michael D. Mumford Although integrity tests are widely applied in screening job applicants, there is a need for research for examining the construct validity of these tests. In the present study, a theoretical model examining the causes of destructive behavior in organizational settings was used to develop background data measures of individual and situational variables that might be related to integrity test scores. Subsequently, 692 undergraduates were asked to complete these background data scales along with (a) two overt integrity tests , the Reid Report and the Personnel Selection Inventory, and (b) two personality-based measures , the delinquency and socialization scales of the California Psychological Inventory. When scores of these measures were correlated with and regressed on the background data scales, it was found that relevant individual variables, such as narcissism and power motives, and relevant situational variables, such as alienation and exposure to negative peer groups, were related to scores on both types of integrity tests. However, a stronger pattern of validity evidence was obtained for the personality-based measures and, in all cases, situational variables were found to be better predictors than individual variables. The implications of these findings for the validity of inferences drawn from overt and personality-based integrity tests are discussed. [source] Deinstitutionalization in Ontario, Canada: Understanding Who Moved WhenJOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 3 2010Lynn Martin Abstract The results of deinstitutionalization are well known, but less information is available on the process of deinstitutionalization itself. This study sought to understand the process of deinstitutionalization in Ontario by examining the timing of individuals' transitions to the community and the characteristics of individuals who experienced a change in the timing of their move. Data used were based on census information collected between 2005 and 2008 using the interRAI Intellectual Disability assessment instrument on all persons residing in Ontario's specialized institutions. Analyses of characteristics at baseline by the anticipated transition year revealed the existence of significant differences between the groups. Comparisons of anticipated and actual transition years revealed that about 40% of individuals experienced a change in their transition year. Age, bladder incontinence, and number of medical diagnoses were associated with increased likelihood of moving earlier than anticipated, whereas family contact, presence of a strong and supportive relationship with family, psychiatric diagnoses, destructive behavior, and aggression were associated with higher likelihood of moving later. Careful attention to characteristics and level of need was paid at the onset of the deinstitutionalization planning process; however, the timing of transitions to the community was not "set in stone." In the future, studies should not only examine the individual's outcomes and quality of life in the community, but also should seek to qualitatively describe the individual's and family's experiences of the transition process. This type of information is invaluable for other jurisdictions in which deinstitutionalization is planned or under way. [source] A mand analysis and levels treatment in an outpatient clinicBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2003Julia T. O'Connor An adolescent with severe mental retardation and fragile X syndrome who displayed destructive behavior maintained by positive reinforcement in the form of adult compliance with mands was assessed and treated in an outpatient setting. A levels system treatment was assessed, consisting of a continuum of attention and reinforcement ranging from access to the functional reinforcer in level 3 contingent upon appropriate behavior to a 10,min room time-out for level 1 contingent upon aggressive and dangerous behavior. While the efficacy of this treatment has been demonstrated in an inpatient setting (Hagopian et al., 2002), this application extended the findings to outpatient and community settings. The levels system treatment resulted in a 98.1% reduction in destructive behavior from baseline levels. Treatment was successfully transferred to the home and school and reductions were maintained at 6 and 9 months. Treatment acceptability ratings were high across both home and school staff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effects of therapist gender and type of attention on assessment and treatment of attention-maintained destructive behaviorBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 1 2001Linda A. LeBlanc Adult attention frequently serves as a maintaining variable for problem behavior (Iwata et al., 1994). In addition, different aspects of attention such as the content of a statement or the person delivering the attention may moderate the rate of problem behavior and potentially affect treatment outcome (Fisher, Ninness, Piazza, & Owen-DeSchryver, 1996). In the current study, we examined the effects of two variables hypothesized to affect the rate of attention-maintained aggression in an adolescent female with profound mental retardation: gender of therapist and type of attention (physical versus verbal). The initial study examined the results of functional analyses conducted with therapists of different genders. An analysis was then conducted to determine the main and interaction effects of therapist gender and type of attention on the effectiveness of noncontingent reinforcement. The results indicate that each variable affected the rate of problem behavior (i.e., main effects) and that the two variables combined to produce an even greater effect (i.e., interaction effect) for males than for females. Next, we examined the impact of therapist gender on the effectiveness of an alternative intervention (functional communication training with extinction). The results support the initial hypotheses that therapist gender impacted both assessment and intervention results for this adolescent female. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Loyal but ignored: The benefits and costs of constructive communication behaviorPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, Issue 1 2010NICKOLA C. OVERALL The consequences of exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect behavior were examined using retrospective questionnaires (Study 1) and 2 social interaction diary studies (Study 2). Exit and neglect were generally associated with more negative partner responses and reduced feelings of value and closeness, and were reported to be more harmful to the relationship. Voice was associated with more positive partner responses and greater value and intimacy, and was perceived to be most beneficial to the relationship. In contrast, loyalty was perceived to have the same detrimental consequences as destructive behaviors (Study 1) and did not predict more positive outcomes within daily interactions (Study 2). These results indicate that, despite good intentions, loyal intimates are often left feeling ignored and unappreciated. [source] Noncontingent reinforcement and competing stimuli in the treatment of pseudoseizures and destructive behaviorsBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 3 2005Iser G. DeLeon Individuals diagnosed with epilepsy have sometimes also been observed to display ,pseudoseizures', or clinical events that mimic those observed during epileptic seizures, but are not associated with abnormal cortical electrical discharges. Several investigators have hypothesized that pseudoseizures, in some proportion of those individuals that display them, may be maintained through operant contingencies. In the present study, this sort of hypothesis was tested in a 10-year-old boy with severe mental retardation and a seizure disorder. Informal observations, and later, response-reinforcer contingencies, revealed that the pseudoseizures, as well as other destructive behaviors, occurred at high rates when they resulted in attention from caregivers. Subsequently, a treatment package consisting of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and competing stimuli was used to decrease levels of seizure-like activity and other problem behaviors. This study adds to the literature that suggests that seizure-like activity may come under operant control and extends the use of NCR and competing stimuli to a novel target behavior. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Functional analysis and treatment of low rate problem behavior in individuals with developmental disabilitiesBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 3 2004Jonathan Tarbox Extensive research has validated the standard functional analysis as a useful technology for identifying the function of problem behavior in individuals with developmental disabilities. The assessment of low rate problem behavior is one area that has yet to receive a significant amount of research. Some problem behaviors may occur at rates too low to be observed during a standard functional analysis, despite the fact that they may be highly destructive behaviors. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of initiating functional analysis sessions contingent on the occurrence of bursts of problem behavior for producing interpretable functional analysis results. While a standard functional analysis did not produce definitive results with respect to behavioral function, the ,low rate' functional analysis produced interpretable results for all three participants. Two of the three participants were available for the evaluation of treatments based on their functional analysis results. Function-based treatments suppressed rates of problem behavior for both participants. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||