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Design Project (design + project)
Selected AbstractsThe Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA): Connecting Assessment to Instruction and LearningFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 3 2006Bonnie Adair-Hauck ABSTRACT: This article reports on Beyond the OPI: Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) Design Project, a three-year (1997,2000) research initiative sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education International Research and Studies Program. The primary goal of the project was to develop an integrated skills assessment prototype that would measure students' progress towards the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (National Standards, 1999, 2006). A second goal of the project was to use the assessment prototype as a catalyst for curricular and pedagogical reform. This paper presents the Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) prototype, illustrates a sample IPA, and discusses how classroom-based research on the IPA demonstrated the washback effect of integrated performance-based assessment on teachers' perceptions regarding their instructional practices. [source] Idealized design of perinatal careJOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE RISK MANAGEMENT, Issue S1 2006Faith McLellan PhD Idealized Design of Perinatal Care is an innovation project based on the principles of reliability science and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI's) model for applying these principles to improve care.1 The project builds upon similar processes developed for other clinical arenas in three previous IHI Idealized Design projects. The Idealized Design model focuses on comprehensive redesign to enable a care system to perform substantially better in the future than the best it can do at present. The goal of Idealized Design of Perinatal Care is to achieve a new level of safer, more effective care and to minimize some of the risks identified in medical malpractice cases. The model described in this white paper, Idealized Design of Perinatal Care, represents the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's best current assessment of the components of the safest and most reliable system of perinatal care. The four key components of the model are: 1) the development of reliable clinical processes to manage labor and delivery; 2) the use of principles that improve safety (i.e., preventing, detecting, and mitigating errors); 3) the establishment of prepared and activated care teams that communicate effectively with each other and with mothers and families; and 4) a focus on mother and family as the locus of control during labor and delivery. Reviews of perinatal care have consistently pointed to failures of communication among the care team and documentation of care as common factors in adverse events that occur in labor and delivery. They are also prime factors leading to malpractice claims.2 Two perinatal care "bundles", a group of evidence-based interventions related to a disease or care process that, when executed together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually , are being tested in this Idealized Design project: the Elective Induction Bundle and the Augmentation Bundle. Experience from the use of bundles in other clinical areas, such as care of the ventilated patient, has shown that reliably applying these evidence-based interventions can dramatically improve outcomes.3 The assumption of this innovation work is that the use of bundles in the delivery of perinatal care will have a similar effect. The authors acknowledge that other organizations have also been working on improving perinatal care through the use of simulation training and teamwork and communication training. IHI's model includes elements of these methods. The Idealized Design of Perinatal Care project has two phases. Sixteen perinatal units from hospitals around the US participated in Phase I, from February to August 2005. The goals of Phase I were identifying changes that would make the most impact on improving perinatal care, selecting elements for each of the bundles, learning how to apply IHI's reliability model to improve processes, and improving the culture within a perinatal unit. This white paper provides detail about the Idealized Design process and examines some of the initial work completed by teams. Phase II, which began in September 2005, expands on this work. This phase focuses particularly on managing second stage labor, including common interpretation of fetal heart monitoring, developing a reliable tool to identify harm, and ensuring that patient preferences are known and honored. [source] Performance-based seismic analysis and design of suspension bridgesEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 4-5 2005Serafim Arzoumanidis Abstract This paper presents a performance-based seismic analysis and design of a large suspension bridge, the new Tacoma Narrows Parallel Crossing in the State of Washington. The scope of the project included establishment of design criteria, extensive analysis and validation of the design. The analysis was performed using detailed three-dimensional models that included geometric and material non-linearity. The target post-earthquake level of service was verified using stress, deformation and ductility criteria. In the absence of well-established criteria, which relate the structural response of tower shafts to specific levels of performance, capacity analyses were performed to demonstrate that the design fulfills the performance objectives. The seismic analysis and design of this bridge was reviewed throughout the design process. An independent check team also performed separate analysis and validation of the design. Thus, this bridge constitutes an example of a large-scale design project where the performance-based seismic design procedures underwent rigorous assessment. This work demonstrated that the performance-based approach for seismic design is an appropriate way for designing earthquake-resistant structures. Further data that relate the structural response with the performance objectives are necessary. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The role of discourse in group knowledge construction: A case study of engineering studentsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 3 2004Julie M. Kittleson This qualitative study examined the role of discourse (verbal elements of language) and Discourse (nonverbal elements related to the use of language, such as ways of thinking, valuing, and using tools and technologies) in the process of group knowledge construction of mechanical engineering students. Data included interviews, participant observations, and transcripts from lab sessions of a group of students working on their senior design project. These data were analyzed using discourse analysis focusing on instances of concept negotiation, interaction in which multiple people contribute to the evolving conceptual conversation. In this context, despite instructors' attempts to enhance the collaboration of group members, concept negotiation was rare. In an effort to understand this rarity, we identified themes related to an engineering Discourse, which included participants' assumptions about the purpose of group work, the views about effective groups, and their epistemologies and ontologies. We explore how the themes associated with the engineering Discourse played a role in how and when the group engaged in concept negotiation. We found that underlying ideologies and assumptions related to the engineering Discourse played both facilitating and inhibitory roles related to the group's conceptually based interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 267,293, 2004 [source] The roles of scenario use in ontology developmentKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 4 2006Jintae Lee With the recent focus on knowledge management and knowledge-based systems, the proper development of ontologies, that is, conceptual structures underlying these systems, has become critical. Also recently, the benefits of using scenarios in the development of artifacts have received much attention in multiple disciplines. This paper examines the roles that scenarios can play in ontology development. It presents a set of claims about why scenarios are useful and how they can be used to support each phase of the ontology development lifecycle. These claims are drawn from, supported by, and illustrated with the lessons from a 5-year ontology design project that led to a NIST specification of the process ontology that is on the way to become an International Standard Organisation (ISO) standard. Based on the analysis of these claims, an overall picture relating the roles of scenario use in ontology development is presented in an effort to help ontology developers better understand why, when and how to use scenarios. The results of this study are also related to the earlier studies of the scenario uses in other related disciplines such as software engineering, human,computer interaction and management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Revisiting DDGX/DDG-51 Concept ExplorationNAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007JUSTIN STEPANCHICK This study revisits concept exploration for DDG-51 using reconstructed 1978,1979 DDX and 1979,1980 DDGX requirements and options, and 2005 tools. The goal of this study is to assess and highlight the benefits of current tools and processes for concept exploration by comparison with a well-known design that did not use these tools. This case study was completed in a summer and fall ship design project at Virginia Tech. In 1979, the acquisition and design process did not begin with a Mission Need Statement, Analysis of Alternatives or Integrated Capabilities Document as is required today. It began with studies, Tentative Operational Requirements, and Draft Top Level Requirements. In this study, we revisit the 1978,1980 DDG-51 (DDX/DDGX) concept exploration based on the guidance, goals, and constraints of the DDX and DDGX studies, using a notional mission statement, concept of operations, and list of required capabilities. The design space is defined to include many of the same design alternatives that were considered in the DDX and DDGX studies. A multiple-objective genetic optimization (MOGO) based on military effectiveness, cost, and risk is used to search the design space and perform trade-offs. A simple ship synthesis model is used to balance the designs, assess feasibility, and calculate cost, risk, and effectiveness. Alternative designs are ranked by cost, risk, and effectiveness, and presented in a series of non-dominated frontiers. Concepts for further study and development are chosen from this frontier and a comparison with DDG-51 is made based on these results. [source] Generation and Evaluation of a Homology Model of PfGSK-3ARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 6 2009Sebastian Kruggel Abstract Plasmodial GSK-3 is a potential new target for malaria therapy. For a structure-based design project, the three-dimensional information of the designated target is needed. Unfortunately, experimental structure data for plasmodial GSK-3 is not yet available. Homology building can be used to generate such three-dimensional structure data using structure information of a homologous protein. GSK-3 possesses a very flexible ATP-binding site, a fact reflected in the variety of X-ray structures of the human GSK-3, which are deposited in the protein data base and are crystallized with different ligands. We used ten different HsGSK-3, templates for the model building of plasmodial GSK-3 and generated 200 models for each template with different modeling protocols. The quality of the models was evaluated with different tools. The results of these evaluations were used to calculate a rank-by-rank consensus score. The top models of this were used to compile an ensemble of PfGSK-3 models that reflect the flexibility of the ATP-binding site and that will be used for the structure-based design of potential ATP-binding site inhibitors of PfGSK-3. [source] Innendämmung bei erhaltenswerten Fassaden , ein baukonstruktives ProjektbeispielBAUPHYSIK, Issue 4 2009Leiter des Instituts für Angewandte Bautechnik Hans-Jürgen Holle Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Gebäudebestand; Energieeinsparung; reconstruction; energy performance Abstract Die Sanierung eines gründerzeitlichen Wohngebäudes in Hamburg aus dem Jahre 1907 mit erhaltenswerter Fassade wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens "Energetische Sanierung" (EnSan) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie gefördert und wissenschaftlich begleitet. Zwei baugleiche Gebäudehälften wurden mit unterschiedlichen energetischen Sanierungskonzepten und -standards ("EnSan-Standard" und "Hamburger Standard") geplant und realisiert. Es wurden Konstruktionen einschließlich der dafür erforderlichen Einbauabläufe entwickelt. Die energetischen Zielgrößen sind erreicht worden. Der Endenergieverbrauch für Beheizung wurde um 80 % auf 32 kWh/m2a gesenkt. Der Primärenergieverbrauch beträgt gemittelt für beide Gebäudehälften ca. 95 kWh/m2a. Internal insulation of façades that are worth preserving. Example of a structural design project. The refurbishment of a residential buildings in Hamburg built in 1907 during the Wilhelminian era with a façade that was deemed worthy of preservation was funded as part of the research project "Energy-efficient refurbishment" (EnSan) by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Technology, which also provided scientific backup. Two identical building parts were refurbished based on different energy-efficiency concepts and standards ("EnSan standard" and "Hamburg standard"). Structural components and associated installation procedures were developed. The energy target values were achieved. The heating energy end use was reduced by 80 % to 32 kWh/m2a. The average primary energy consumption for both building parts is approx. 95 kWh/m2a. [source] Agent-Based Interoperability without Product Model StandardsCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2007Udo Kannengiesser A major problem with standard translators is that a seamless data transfer instantly fails when not every translator implements a mapping into or from the standard format. This is frequently the case for large design projects that involve the use of a multitude of heterogeneous tools, possibly in evolving configurations over time. The agent-based approach developed and presented in this article aims to flexibly provide product models in a form adapted to the needs of the particular tools when there is no prior agreement on a common data format. Experiments show the feasibility of this approach as well as its efficacy and efficiency. [source] Understanding the Plan: A Studio ExperienceJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 3 2006Allan Hing M.A. ABSTRACT The plan is a powerful tool in the design process that requires both intellectual and creative rigor. The focus of this article is the methodology of how the plan is presented, developed, and understood in sophomore interior design studio. The studio's goal is to give students a foundation of understanding by broadening their knowledge of spatial design through the study of the plan and plan language. The plan is what architects and interior and landscape designers use to move people through space, to organize space, and to place objects in space. The article outlines how this material is presented through readings, lectures, and design projects. The lessons require students to be creative and analytical in developing a plan, to gain visual literacy in understanding a plan and its spaces, and to use plan language in their explanations in studio. Students should learn to think and speak in terms of entry, path, and goal. Plan language includes such terms as axis, centering and re-centering, symmetry, focal points, gesturing, reinforcement, in-line, articulation, and hierarchy. Students are required to take a letterform and develop an orchestrated spatial walk through the form using plan language, and then they must complete a series of diagrams. Past and present plan types are analyzed and important architects who have contributed to the plan and plan language are discussed (Mackintosh, Wright, Le Corbusier, and Scarpa). The plan is the element which most interior designers use to develop space. Therefore, students and educators should have a greater understanding and vocabulary for such an important tool. [source] Effects of Hand-Drawing and CAD Techniques on Design Development: A Comparison of Design Merit RatingsJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 2 2001Lynn Brandon Ph.D. This exploratory study examined interior design projects developed using traditional hand-drawing and computer-aided design (CAD) techniques to determine if differences exist on seven aspects of design merit in the resulting design solutions. Junior-level, interior design students (N=40) were matched into two groups based on their preference for hand-drawing or CAD design technique and a baseline creativity rating taken on a previous project. Groups completed the same project with one group using hand-drawing and the second group using CAD. Interior design educators used a previously developed instrument to rate each project on seven aspects of design merit: appropriateness, complexity, creativity, liking, novelty, originality, and thematic expression. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested each of the seven design merits to determine if significant differences in design merits existed for projects generated by the two groups. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) determined if differences existed between the hand-drawing and CAD groups when the seven design merits were analyzed simultaneously. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences between the two design techniques on the seven aspects of design merit when they were used in developing an interior solution. Both hand-drawn and CAD techniques were used effectively to generate viable design solutions. However, additional research examining the effects of these techniques is necessary before assumptions can be completely formulated regarding their impact on the design process. [source] "Maestro, what is ,quality'?": Language, literacy, and discourse in project-based scienceJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 4 2001Elizabeth B. Moje Recent curriculum design projects have attempted to engage students in authentic science learning experiences in which students engage in inquiry-based research projects about questions of interest to them. Such a pedagogical and curricular approach seems an ideal space in which to construct what Lee and Fradd referred to as instructional congruence. It is, however, also a space in which the everyday language and literacy practices of young people intersect with the learning of scientific and classroom practices, thus suggesting that project-based pedagogy has the potential for conflict or confusion. In this article, we explore the discursive demands of project-based pedagogy for seventh-grade students from non-mainstream backgrounds as they enact established project curricula. We document competing Discourses in one project-based classroom and illustrate how those Discourses conflict with one another through the various texts and forms of representation used in the classroom and curriculum. Possibilities are offered for reconstructing this classroom practice to build congruent third spaces in which the different Discourses and knowledges of the discipline, classroom, and students' lives are brought together to enhance science learning and scientific literacy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 469,498, 2001 [source] Information for inspiration: Understanding architects' information seeking and use behaviors to inform designJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Stephann Makri Architectural design projects are heavily reliant on electronic information seeking. However, there have been few studies on how architects look for and use information on the Web. We examined the electronic information behavior of 9 postgraduate architectural design and urban design students. We observed them undertake a self-chosen, naturalistic information task related to one of their design projects and found that although the architectural students performed many similar interactive information behaviors to academics and practitioners in other disciplines, they also performed behaviors reflective of the nature of their domain. The included exploring and encountering information (in addition to searching and browsing for it) and visualizing/appropriating information. The observations also highlighted the importance of information use behaviors (such as editing and recording) and communication behaviors (such as sharing and distributing) as well as the importance of multimedia materials, particularly images, for architectural design projects. A key overarching theme was that inspiration was found to be both an important driver for and potential outcome of information work in the architecture domain, suggesting the need to design electronic information tools for architects that encourage and foster creativity. We make suggestions for the design of such tools based on our findings. [source] | ||||||||||