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Descriptive Categories (descriptive + category)
Selected AbstractsTaxonomy and structure of the Polish personality lexiconEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2007Piotr Szarota Abstract We identified 1839 person-descriptive adjectives from a Polish dictionary, and 10 judges classified those adjectives into five descriptive categories. Two hundred ninety adjectives (16 per cent) were classified by most judges as ,Dispositions' (i.e. relatively stable personality traits and abilities). We examined the structure of those 290 adjectives in self-ratings from 350 respondents. In the five-factor solution, two dimensions closely resembled Big Five Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and two others represented rotated variants of Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The fifth factor was dominated by Intellect, containing little Imagination and no Unconventionality content. A six-factor solution closely resembled the cross-language HEXACO structure (but with ,Intellect' rather than ,Openness to Experience'). Analyses of 369 peer ratings revealed five- and six-factor solutions nearly identical to those of self-ratings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Next of kin's conceptions of the quality of care in the psychiatric setting: A phenomenographic studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2007Agneta Schröder ABSTRACT:, The next of kin play a decisive role in the care provided for patients. This and their unique experience of psychiatric care make it important to include them when defining quality of care. The aim of the present study was to describe how next of kin perceive the concept of quality of care in the case of psychiatric care. Twelve next of kin were included in a qualitative interview study and a phenomenographic approach was used for the analysis of the interviews. The next of kin described quality of care mainly from their own perspective but also to a large extent from the patient's perspective as well. Five descriptive categories resulted: dignity, security, participation, recovery, and health-promoting surroundings. Good relations and communication between staff, patients, and next of kin emerged as the central factors regarding the quality of psychiatric care. The next of kin asked for information about psychiatric illnesses and wanted to cooperate in the care. They avoid telling others about their family member's psychiatric illness because of a feeling of shame and guilt. Staff education regarding such feelings and stigmatization could be useful in furthering the understanding of the next of kin's distress and developing interventions to alleviate it. Clinical practice can be improved by guidelines and instruments developed on the basis of this study. [source] Professional competence: factors described by nurses as influencing their developmentINTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW, Issue 1 2006R. Tabari Khomeiran bs mscn phd Aim:, To discuss the results of a study that explored factors that may influence competence development. Background:, Competence, a controversial issue in health care settings, affects many aspects of the nursing profession, including education, practice and management. Although a number of research and discussion papers have explored the issue, in particular the meaning and assessment of nursing competence, to date little research has explored factors identified by nurses themselves as influencing their development of professional competence. Methods:, A purposive sample of 27 registered nurses was recruited from two university-affiliated hospitals. Data collection was by tape-recorded semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to the qualitative methodology of content analysis. Findings:, Six descriptive categories were identified from the data: experience, opportunities, environment, personal characteristics, motivation and theoretical knowledge. Conclusions:, The findings suggest that the factors influencing the process of developing professional competence in nursing extend across personal and extra-personal domains. An understanding of these factors may enhance the ability of nursing managers and educators to enable student and qualified nurses to pursue effective competency development pathways to prepare them to provide a high standard of care. These findings, which may have important implications for nursing practice, management and education, are being further tested in a larger study. [source] Patients' perceptions of the concept of the quality of care in the psychiatric setting: a phenomenographic studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 1 2006Agneta Schröder MSc Aim., The aim was to describe how patients perceived the concept of quality of care in psychiatric care. Background., It is important to include patients' experiences in defining quality of care and in the development of instruments measuring quality of psychiatric care, as patients have unique information. But only a limited number of studies have directly involved patients. Design., It was a qualitative interview study with 20 adult in and outpatients from psychiatric care. Method., A phenomenographic approach was used for the analysis of the interviews. Results., The results showed that quality of care was perceived as a positive concept, namely as ,good' quality of care. The normative component was striking. Five descriptive categories emerged: The patient's dignity is respected; The patient's sense of security with regard to care; The patient's participation in the care; The patient's recovery; and The patient's care environment. Two conceptions emerged that had not emerged explicitly in earlier studies of quality of care: Being helped to reduce the shame and Being looked upon as like anyone else. Conclusions., The findings emphasize the importance of the interpersonal relationship between patients and staff. There is a need for further exploration of central aspects of quality in psychiatric care. Relevance to clinical practice., It is important that the knowledge about how patients perceived the quality of care in psychiatric care is included in the planning and evaluation of care. The guidelines should designate quality of care from the patient perspective as the goal of interventions. [source] Process-oriented group supervision implemented during nursing education: nurses' conceptions 1 year after their nursing degreeJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 7 2008BARBRO ARVIDSSON PhD Aim, To describe the variation in how nurses conceive process-oriented group supervision, implemented during nursing education, 1 year after their nursing degree. Background, Process-oriented group supervision can be an effective support system for helping nursing students and nurses to reflect on their activities. Methods, A descriptive qualitative design was chosen for the study. Conceptions were collected through interviews with 18 strategically selected Swedish nurses in 2005. Results, Three descriptive categories comprising seven conceptions were emerged. Supportive actions comprised: a sense of security, belonging and encouragement. Learning actions involved: sharing and reflecting while developmental actions described: enabling professional identity and facilitating personal development. Conclusions, Process-oriented group supervision has a lasting influence on nurses' development. The possibility to reflect over new stances during nursing education was a prerequisite for the provision of high-quality care. Process-oriented group supervision can make an important contribution to nursing education. Implications for Nursing Management, Process-oriented group supervision provides nurses with the strength to achieve resilience to stress in their work. It may lead to autonomy as well as clarity in the nurse's professional function. This indicates the need for nurse managers to organize reflective group supervision as an integral part of the nurse's work. [source] Patients' conceptions of the cause of their rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative studyMUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 4 2009MScN, Ulrika Bergsten RN Abstract Background:,Patients' perspective of the causes and consequences of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can conflict with that of healthcare professionals and lead to misunderstanding, difficulties in management and a poorer outcome. Objectives:,The aim of this study was to describe the variation in how patients' conceive the cause of their RA. Methods:,An open written question from the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) study, aimed at patients recently diagnosed with RA, was answered by 38 strategically selected patients during 2003 and analysed using the phenomenographic approach. Results:,Two descriptive categories and six concepts emerged: the category ,consequences beyond personal control' comprised not having a clue, being exposed to climatic change, being genetically exposed and unexpected effects of events; the category ,overloaded circumstances' involved work and family-related strain. Consequences beyond personal control implied that the patients could not prevent the disease and expressed their lack of understanding as to why they contracted it. Overloaded circumstances were described as strained situations that were both work and family related and could be influenced by the patient. Conclusions:,The patient's perspective of the cause of their RA includes aspects that complement the current pathogenetic models and should therefore be considered in the management of the disease. When dealing with rheumatic diseases, it is necessary to be aware of the patient's perspectives in order to new management strategies. In addition to epidemiological studies, further studies of patients' own experience are needed in order to achieve a more tailored care model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] Patients' dependence on a nurse for the administration of their intravenous anti-TNF therapy: A phenomenographic studyMUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 2 2009Ingrid Larsson RN Abstract Background:,Pain, stiffness and functional restriction of the joints are the main problems for many patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. When conventional drugs fail to delay the development of the disease, the patient may require biological treatment such as anti-TNF therapy. Some biological drugs are administered in the form of intravenous infusions and thus the patient is obliged to attend a clinic in order to receive his/her medication, which can affect everyday life as well as independence. It is therefore important to focus on the patient perspective. Aim:,The aim of this study was to describe variations in how patients with rheumatic conditions conceive their dependence on a nurse for the administration of their intravenous anti-TNF therapy. Method:,The study had a descriptive qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach. Interviews were conducted with 20 patients. Result:,Three descriptive categories and seven sub-categories emerged: Dependence that affords security (encountering continuity, encountering competence and obtaining information); Dependence that creates involvement (being allowed influence and being given freedom); Dependence that invigorates (obtaining relaxation and encountering the environment). Conclusion:,The patients had not reflected on the fact that they were dependent on a nurse for the administration of their intravenous anti-TNF therapy, which may be due to their possibility to influence the treatment. The patients' needs should constitute the basis for the nurse's role in the provision of care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Patients' perceptions of drug dispensing in a rheumatological in-patient unitMUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 4 2005Barbro Arvidsson RNT Abstract Introduction: The dispensing of drugs in medical care systems is, in most countries, strictly regulated, and nurses are responsible for distributing drugs to in-patients. Aim: To describe the perceptions of patients with rheumatic diseases regarding traditional drug dispensing during in-patient care and rehabilitation in a specialized rheumatological care unit. Method: Twenty in-patients who stayed in the Spenshult Hospital unit for 3,4 weeks and who were on continuous medication were chosen for the study. The phenomenographic approach was used for the collection and analysis of data. Findings: Three descriptive categories emerged , Relief, Active Participation and Dependence. These descriptive categories comprised: three perceptions for Relief (to experience security, to be ,served', to dare to bother), two for Active Participation (to rely on one's own ability, to search for knowledge) and two for Dependence (lack of independence, lack of information). Conclusion: The patients experienced relief due to the nurse assuming responsibility for the medication and its dispensation. Patients expressed a wish to be more active in the management of their medication, as they trusted their own ability. The patients articulated that they were dependent on the nurse to give them the correct medication and they also asked for more information about their medication. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A nurse-led rheumatology clinic's impact on empowering patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative studyNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 3 2006S. Barbro Arvidsson rnt Abstract, The aim of this study was to describe a nurse-led rheumatology clinic's impact on empowering patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that attacks many joints, causing considerable functional restrictions for patients. Consequently, these patients are dependent on a wide variety of health-care services. A descriptive, qualitative design inspired by phenomenography was chosen. The conceptions were collected through interviews with 16 strategically selected patients with RA. Three descriptive categories comprising eight conceptions emerged: teaching (gaining insight and receiving information), regular review (receiving security, realizing regularity, and achieving accessibility), and attention (getting a holistic assessment, receiving coordinated care, and getting sufficient time). A nurse-led rheumatology clinic can be a source for empowering patients with RA to adopt new stances to alternative actions and achieve a higher level of faith in their own abilities. [source] Non-carious cervical lesions on permanent anterior teeth: a new morphological classificationAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010JA Michael Abstract Background:, Various cross-sectional forms of non-carious cervical lesions have been described but no formal morphological classification system has been developed. The aims of this study were to describe the spectrum of common morphological forms of non-carious cervical lesions observed within a large sample of extracted human permanent anterior teeth and to develop a system for classification based on morphological features. Methods:, Over 15,000 extracted permanent anterior teeth were examined macroscopically under illumination at 2× magnification. Well-defined, descriptive categories were formed, based on observable non-carious cervical lesion features and using terminology currently reported in the literature. The lesions were then sorted into these categories. Results:, Five hundred and forty-two non-carious cervical lesions were identified on 15,289 teeth extracted in the early to mid 20th century, representing a frequency of 3.5%. The main categories developed were "shallow", "concave", "wedge-shaped", "notched", and "irregular". Conclusions:, The new morphological classification system provides an alternative to presently used systems based on aetiology, and should facilitate future research on non-carious cervical lesions. [source] | ||||||||||