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Demographic Influences (demographic + influence)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

Situational and Demographic Influences on Transfer System Characteristics in Organizations

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006
Hsin-Chih Chen
Transfer theories, which are closely related to evaluation theory, have been developed from a holistic perspective, but most of empirical transfer research has not effectively utilized holistic models to investigate transfer of learning until the late 1990s. Additionally, little has been done in examining the relationship between situational variables, demographic variables, and transfer system characteristics. This study contributes to transfer research by examining the combined effects of situational and demographic variables on a holistic model of perceived organizational transfer systems. A key finding was that demographic variables make only a marginal contribution to predicting transfer system characteristics when compared to situational variables. It seems clear that the differences in transfer system characteristics depend on diverse situational influences, primarily due to types of training programs and types of organizational cultures. This finding does not support one-size-fits-all transfer interventions. Future research may focus on investigating benchmark transfer practices in certain types of organizations or industries to empirically identify the true leverage points of a diagnosing instrument of transfer,the Learning Transfer System Inventory,for interventions and change. [source]

Hospital and Demographic Influences on the Disposition of Transient Ischemic Attack

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008
Jeffrey H. Coben MD
Abstract Objectives:, There is substantial variation in the emergency department (ED) disposition of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), and the factors responsible for this variation have not been determined. In this study, the authors examined the influence of clinical, sociodemographic, and hospital characteristics on ED disposition. Methods:, All ED-treated TIA cases from community hospitals in 11 states were identified from the 2002 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Using the aggregate data, descriptive analyses compared admitted and discharged cases. Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the statistical significance of these comparisons. Based on the results of the bivariate analyses, logistic regression models of the likelihood of hospital admission were derived, using a stepwise selection process. Adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the logistic regression models. Results:, A total of 34,843 cases were identified in the 11 states, with 53% of cases admitted to the hospital. In logistic regression models, differences in admission status were found to be strongly associated with clinical characteristics such as age and comorbidities. After controlling for comorbidities, differences in admission status were also found to be associated to hospital type and with sociodemographic characteristics, including county of residence and insurance status. Conclusions:, While clinical factors predictably and appropriately impact the ED disposition of patients diagnosed with TIA, several nonclinical factors are also associated with differences in disposition. Additional research is needed to better understand the basis for these disparities and their potential impact on patient outcomes. [source]

Mortgage credit conditions in the UK

ECONOMIC OUTLOOK, Issue 3 2002
John Muellbauer
It is widely perceived that credit conditions for UK consumers, particularly in the mortgage market, have been radically liberalized since the 1970s. The implications for the housing market and consumer spending have been important. This article by John Muellbauer draws on a 1997 paper by the author which examined data from the Survey of Mortgage Lenders to learn, from information about loan-to-value ratios of first-time buyers, classified by region, about changes in mortgage credit conditions. By controlling for economic and demographic influences on credit conditions, a single time-varying index of mortgage credit conditions was extracted from these SML data. This index rises in the 1980s, peaking towards the end of the decade. It retraces part of its rise in the early 1990s before rising again by 1995 to a level not far below the previous peak. The article considers whether more recent data suggest a further liberalisation of mortgage credit conditions. It draws on joint research with others to discuss possible implications for consumer spending, house prices, the volume of property transactions and mortgage defaults. [source]

Examining rival theories of demographic influences on political support: The power of regional, ethnic, and linguistic divisions in Ukraine

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
Lowell W. Barrington
What effects do regional, linguistic, and ethnic divisions have on support for the government and political system? What is the effect of each when the others are controlled for? Are apparent differences in support across regions simply compositional effects of ethno-linguistic patterns in those regions? This article provides answers to these questions, through the analysis of late 1998 mass survey data from Ukraine. The results indicate that region of residence strongly shapes support for the government and regime. Ethnicity and language, on the other hand, have weaker effects than scholars would expect, once region is controlled for. Thus, regional differences are not simply reflecting ethno-linguistic patterns in Ukraine, as scholars have often implied. These findings shed light on rival theoretical approaches to understanding regional, ethnic and linguistic sources of identity. They also highlight the necessity for scholars who have emphasized ethnic and linguistic cleavages in other countries to consider controlling for region of residence before jumping to conclusions about effects on political attitudes. Finally, the findings have narrower, but important, implications for the study of Ukraine and for its stability. [source]

On Integrating Immigrants in Germany

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 3 2006
Article first published online: 8 SEP 200
Immigration to Germany in the decades following World War II made the Federal Republic the host of the largest number of immigrants in Europe. The size of the population with an immigration background is on the order of 15 million, nearly one-fifth of the total population. (Many of these are ethnic German returnees.) Although restrictive policies and a less dynamic economy in recent years slowed the annual number of immigrants and asylum seekers, the interrelated demographic influences of very low fertility, negative natural population increase, and population aging make continuing future immigration likely and, judged by influential domestic interests, desirable. Anxieties about inadequate integration of immigrants in German society are, however, apparently strongly felt by large segments of the native population. The "Grand Coalition" government that took office in November 2005 considers the formation of an effective policy of integration a high priority. On 14 July 2006 an "Integration Summit" was convened in the Chancellery with the active participation of representatives of immigrant groups. Chancellor Angela Merkel called the Summit "an almost historical event." Reproduced below in full is a non-official English translation of a government statement (entitled "Good coexistence,Clear rules") presented to the participants at the opening of the meeting. Intended as a "start of the development of a national integration plan," the statement highlights existing deficiencies of integration, especially problems with second- and third-generation immigrants: lack of mastery of the German language, weaknesses in education and training, high unemployment, lack of acceptance of the basic rules of coexistence, and violation of the law. The importance of these issues is underlined by a demographic fact noted in the statement: by 2010 it is expected that in Germany's large cities 50 percent of the population under age 40 will have an immigrant background. The statement recognizes the government's responsibility to help immigrants learn German and become better informed about the country's laws, culture, history, and political system. In turn, it demands reciprocal efforts from migrants living permanently and lawfully in Germany. The original German text of the statement is available at the Bundeskanzleramt home page: «http://www.bundesregierung.d» [source]

Coresidential Patterns in Historical China: A Simulation Study

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2000
Zhongwei Zhao
The controversy regarding China's historical residential patterns is related to the lack of investigation into demographic influences on past kinship structures and household formation. This study uses computer micro-simulation to examine demographic feasibility of people living in large multi-generation households under the demographic conditions close to those recorded in Chinese history. It investigates both the composition of households in which individuals live at a particular point in their life course and the transition in their household structure and the length of time they spend in households of different types. The simulation exercise suggests that demographic regimes and household formation systems similar to those operating in China in the past produce diverse residential patterns, in which individuals could experience different household forms at different stages of the life cycle. [source]